CN107184649B - Postharvest drying method for salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents
Postharvest drying method for salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
- A61K36/537—Salvia (sage)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
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- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a postharvest drying method of salvia miltiorrhiza, which comprises the following steps: pretreating, grading, irradiating by ultraviolet, airing, spraying methyl jasmonate, airing for the second time and drying. The salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material processed by the method improves the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza while drying, can greatly improve the content of active ingredients in the salvia miltiorrhiza, has uniform and sufficient drying effect, avoids the loss of various active ingredients caused by high-temperature heating, and obviously increases the content of the active ingredients of the salvia miltiorrhiza after drying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal material processing, and relates to a postharvest drying method for salvia miltiorrhiza.
Background
The Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix is derived from Labiatae plant Saviae Miltiorrhizae radixSalvia miltiorrhizaThe dried root and rhizome of the Chinese medicinal herb have the effects of activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis and stimulating the menstrual flow to relieve pain, are clinical common bulk medicinal materials, are praised as 'first medical industrial raw materials' and are also internationally developed popular medicinal materials. The secondary metabolites in the body of medicinal plants are usually the important material basis for the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicinal materials, and lipid-soluble tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone and water-soluble salvianolic acid B specified in the 2015 version of Chinese pharmacopoeia are used as important indexes for measuring the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials. The content of tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I in Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix should not be less than 0.25% and the content of salvianolic acid B should not be less than 3% in 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia.
In the postharvest drying process of salvia miltiorrhiza, particularly in the early stage of drying, the salvia miltiorrhiza generates complex physiological and biochemical reactions in vivo, and the synthesis and accumulation of active ingredients of the salvia miltiorrhiza are greatly influenced, in other words, the postharvest processing method directly influences the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal materials, and the process has non-trivial influence on the quality of the medicinal materials.
The traditional salvia miltiorrhiza drying method is mainly whole ginseng drying, and the whole ginseng drying is divided into two types, namely natural airing and drying. The natural airing time is long, the influence of weather is easy to be absorbed, the effect is not uniform, the mould, the insect and the deterioration are easy to happen, the saponin content is low, and the quality stability of the medicinal materials is poor. The drying mode is generally steam pipeline heating, not only labor intensity is big, the time is long, generally in 2 ~ 3 weeks, and temperature, humidity are difficult to control, and is inefficient, and the root of red-rooted salvia quality is difficult to be homogeneous. The active ingredients in the salvia miltiorrhiza belong to heat-sensitive substances mostly, so that high-temperature operation is avoided as much as possible in the drying process, the retention rate of the heat-sensitive ingredients is improved, and the activity of the substances is ensured.
In the current research and production processes, ginseng is dried after being sliced so as to avoid the defects existing in the whole ginseng drying process. After slicing, microwave or freeze-drying and the like can be carried out at low temperature, and the drying process is uniform and easy to control. After slicing, the epidermis is damaged, the contact surface area of the internal tissue and the external space is increased, and the loss, damage and deterioration degree of the effective components in the salvia miltiorrhiza in the processing process are increased.
In addition, the prior art also adopts vacuum drying, infrared drying, microwave drying and other modes for treatment, the defects of uneven water content inside and outside the dried product and loss of effective components still exist during the whole ginseng drying, the drying effect is still not ideal, and the overall effect is not good. And the treatment process is complex, the equipment configuration requirement and the cost are high, and the method is not suitable for popularization and application.
Therefore, establishing an efficient and applicable drying technology for the whole salvia miltiorrhiza bunge is an important problem to be solved in the production of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a postharvest drying method for salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein the content of main active ingredients of the dried salvia miltiorrhiza is far higher than that of the dried salvia miltiorrhiza by using a conventional drying method, and the dried salvia miltiorrhiza has the advantages of uniform color, stable quality, high bioavailability, strong activity and high quality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a postharvest drying method of salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) grading: and (3) removing the disease plants, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants graded in the step 2) under ultraviolet light for irradiating for 2.5-4 h;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) at 25-30 ℃ for 24-72 h;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying methyl jasmonate on the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 4) at the temperature of 25-30 ℃;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 24-72 h;
7) drying: drying the salvia miltiorrhiza plant at 45 ℃ for 120-192 h until the water content is lower than 12%.
Preferably, in the step 3), the irradiation time is 3.5-4 h for the first stage, 3h for the second stage and 2.5h for the third stage;
preferably, in step 3), the ultraviolet light intensity is 5 kJ.m-2；
Preferably, in the step 4), the airing time is 24 hours.
Preferably, in the step 5), methyl jasmonate is sprayed until the methyl jasmonate wets the salvia miltiorrhiza plants and liquid drips off;
preferably, in the step 5), methyl jasmonate is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 10%-5mol L-1And should be prepared as before.
Preferably, in the step 6), the airing time is 24 hours.
Preferably, in the step 7), the drying time is 175-190 hours, and the water content is 2-5%.
The drying method of the invention can stabilize the quality of medicinal materials, prevent the loss of high active ingredients in the salvia miltiorrhiza by ultraviolet irradiation after the fresh salvia miltiorrhiza is pretreated and graded, effectively prevent the breeding, reproduction, mildewing, vermination or deterioration of microorganisms in the drying process of the salvia miltiorrhiza, and improve the product quality. And methyl jasmonate is sprayed subsequently, a proper warm and humid environment is provided, biosynthesis and transformation in plants are promoted under the action of the methyl jasmonate, such as increase of the content of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone, and water-soluble salvianolic acid B, accumulation of active substances is improved, and the quality of medicinal materials is improved. . The airing and drying procedures are also carried out at low temperature, so that the water content of the salvia miltiorrhiza is further reduced, and the activity of the effective components is retained to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the salvia miltiorrhiza medicinal material processed by the method improves the quality of the salvia miltiorrhiza while being dried, can greatly improve the content of active ingredients in the salvia miltiorrhiza, has uniform and sufficient drying effect, avoids the loss of various active ingredients such as tanshinone and the like caused by high-temperature heating, obviously increases the content of the active ingredients of the salvia miltiorrhiza after being dried, has the content of main ingredients such as tanshinone, salvianolic acid and the like far higher than that of the conventional drying method, and has uniform color and luster, stable quality, high bioavailability, strong activity and excellent quality of dried products. Has no special requirements on drying equipment, low investment cost and convenient popularization and application, and is suitable for small-scale production of common farmers and large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The postharvest drying method of the salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) grading: and (3) removing the disease plants, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 4 hours, the second level is 3 hours, and the third level is 2.5 hours;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) for 24 hours at 25-30 ℃;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying the salvia miltiorrhiza plant treated in the step 4) with the in-situ preparation 10 at the temperature of 25-30 DEG C-5A mol/L methyl jasmonate-ethanol solution is added until the salvia miltiorrhiza plants are moistened and liquid drips off;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 24 h;
7) drying: drying Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix at 45 deg.C for 190 hr to obtain water content of 2.0%.
Example 2
The postharvest drying method of the salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) grading: and (3) removing the disease plants, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 3.5 hours, the second level is 3 hours, and the third level is 2.5 hours;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) at 25-30 ℃ for 48 h;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying 10 of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 4) at 25-30 DEG C-5A mol/L methyl jasmonate-ethanol solution is added until the salvia miltiorrhiza plant is wetted by the methyl jasmonate and liquid drops;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 48 h;
7) drying: drying Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix at 45 deg.C for 120 hr until water content is 12%.
Example 3
The postharvest drying method of the salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) and (3) grading the plants with the diseases, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 2.5 hours, the second level is 2.5 hours, and the third level is 2.5 hours;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) at 25-30 ℃ for 72 h;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying 10 of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 4) at 25-30 DEG C-5A mol/L methyl jasmonate-ethanol solution is added until the salvia miltiorrhiza plants are moistened and liquid drips off;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 72 h;
7) drying: drying Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix at 45 deg.C for 175 hr until the water content is lower than 4.9%.
Example 4
The postharvest drying method of the salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) grading: and (3) removing the disease plants, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 4h, the second level is 4h, and the third level is 4 h;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) at 25-30 ℃ for 72 h;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying 10 of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 4) at 25-30 DEG C-5A mol/L methyl jasmonate-ethanol solution is added until the salvia miltiorrhiza plant is wetted by the methyl jasmonate and liquid drops;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 96 h;
7) drying: drying Saviae Miltiorrhizae radix at 45 deg.C for 160 hr until the water content is less than 6.8%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that step 2) fractionation and step 3) ultraviolet irradiation are not included.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
step 3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 2h, the second level is 1h, and the third level is 1 h.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
step 3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ m-2The irradiation time is as follows: the first level is 4.5h, the second level is 4h, and the third level is 4 h.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that 5) methyl jasmonate spraying was not included.
Comparative example 5
And (5) naturally airing and drying.
Comparative example 6
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the steps of 5) spraying methyl jasmonate, 6) secondary airing and 7) drying are carried out, and modification is carried out; steaming for 15min, standing, freezing to below-5 deg.C, taking out, and sun drying.
Comparative example 7
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the steps of 5) spraying methyl jasmonate and 6) secondary airing are modified as follows: taking out and turning the salvia miltiorrhiza at intervals of 20-40 s under the condition of 600-1000W of power, and drying for 1-2 minutes.
Comparing the contents of main effective components of dried salvia miltiorrhiza plants in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-7.
The contents of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and salvianolic acid B were determined by HPLC, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge main active ingredient content (%)
Second, comparing the quality stability of dried Salvia miltiorrhiza plants in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-7
The test conditions are as follows: the dried salvia miltiorrhiza plants are stored at room temperature and relative humidity of about 60 percent for 12 months, and samples are taken every 3 months to measure the total content of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and salvianolic acid B, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Total content (%)% of tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid B in Salvia miltiorrhiza plants of 3, 6, 9, 12 months
Claims (5)
1. A postharvest drying method for salvia miltiorrhiza is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pretreatment: removing mud and fibrous roots from the collected fresh salvia miltiorrhiza, and washing;
2) grading: and (3) removing the disease plants, and grading according to the weight of the salvia miltiorrhiza plants: more than 450 g of the first stage, 250-450 g of the second stage and less than 250 g of the third stage;
3) ultraviolet irradiation: placing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants graded in the step 2) at the intensity of 5 kJ-2The irradiation time is 3.5-4 h for the first stage, 3h for the second stage and 2.5h for the third stage;
4) and (3) airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 3) at 25-30 ℃ for 24-72 h;
5) spraying methyl jasmonate: spraying methyl jasmonate on the salvia miltiorrhiza plant treated in the step 4) at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and dissolving the methyl jasmonate in ethanol with the concentration of 10-5mol L-1The preparation is carried out on site when used;
6) and (3) secondary airing: airing the salvia miltiorrhiza plants treated in the step 5) at 25-30 ℃ for 24-72 h;
7) drying: drying the salvia miltiorrhiza plant at 45 ℃ for 120-192 h until the water content is lower than 12%.
2. The postharvest drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), the airing time is 24 hours.
3. The postharvest drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), methyl jasmonate is sprayed until the methyl jasmonate wets the salvia miltiorrhiza plants and liquid drips.
4. The postharvest drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 6), the airing time is 24 hours.
5. The postharvest drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 7), the drying time is 175-190 hours, and the water content is 2-5%.
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| CN112931079A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 成都医学院 | Method for improving quality of selfheal medicinal materials by spraying exogenous hormones |
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