CN107183383A - 环保型育肥猪液态饲料 - Google Patents
环保型育肥猪液态饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种适于液态饲喂的育肥猪专用配合饲料,属家畜饲料领域。其由以下组分复配而成,各组分以重量份计:淀粉汤(湿基状态)1762‑3125,鸡肠(湿基状态)395‑543,玉米 156‑160,小麦麸 50‑150,次粉50‑190,葡萄糖14‑19,碳酸氢钠1‑2,磷酸氢钙 5‑6,石粉12‑15,食盐1‑3,脱霉剂1‑2,酸化剂5‑6,98%赖氨酸 1‑2.25,98%苏氨酸3‑5,98%色氨酸0.5‑1,98%蛋氨酸0.5‑2,预混料10‑15,蒙脱石 6‑10。本发明采用全天然原料,不含抗生素,不含中药,肉质无药物残留,营养丰富,饲喂后,猪腹泻率低、日增重快、抗病力强、饲料转化率高,饲喂效果好,可用于绿色猪肉食品生产。并且造肉成本比常规干粉料低30%左右,经济效益突出,值得在养猪密集区大力推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种育肥猪专用饲料,尤其涉及一种适于液态饲喂的育肥猪专用配合饲料,属家畜饲料领域。
背景技术
液态饲料在生产性能和动物健康方面具有诸多优势,在西欧,液态饲喂技术已被广泛应用,据不完全统计,荷兰约有60%的规模化猪场使用液态饲料饲喂技术;法国约有15%的猪场使用液态饲喂;英国肉用家禽委员会下属有25%以上的猪场使用液态饲喂系统。近年来在国内开始流行,由于现代食品的副产物多为液态,比如,淀粉厂废渣、鸡肠废料、生产乙醇的副产品玉米浸泡水等,直接排放会污染环境,如果进行干燥将大大增加费用。在这种情况下,如何有效地把食品企业副产物廉吸纳入养猪企业中,把农村生态链重新接上,再“循环”,节地高效,进而有效减少废弃物的排放,实现变废为宝,是目前急需解决的问题。
再者,由于传统干料成本较高,液态料副产品价格较为便宜且来源广泛,越来越受到养猪农场欢迎。据相关报道:液态饲料和常规饲料相比较有以下优点:
1、省—省人工、减少饲料浪费、利用非常规原料,降低成本。
2、好—吸收好、体型好、肉质好、环境好。液态饲料可以改善、可利用的营养成分经过充分浸泡使饲料中可溶性营养成分溶于水,其中,饲料微粒吸水膨胀增加了表面积,变得松软,有利于猪采食和消化吸收,减少饲料浪费,提高饲料转化率。有研究报道指出,因饲料营养素混合均匀,适口性好。液态料饲喂生长猪和育成猪消化利用率可提高9.19%-12.08%。
3、健—健康:能减少饲料对动物造成的环境应激,相比干料,液态料饲喂减少了空气中粉尘的数量,在一定程度上抑制了病菌通过粉尘进行传播,有效地降低了猪呼吸道疾病的发病率。改善动物生活性能,提高肠道健康,减少药物的饲喂,提高动物健康。4、多—液态饲料可有效的促进猪多采食、多喝水。
5、快—长得快。
目前液态饲料种类繁多,中国专利200610107384.2公开了一种液态饲料及其制备方法,由以下重量百分含量的组分制备而成:玉米20~60%,膨化大豆15~50%,乳清粉2~15%,血浆蛋白粉1~10%,鱼粉2~15%,糖蜜1~7%,大豆油1~5%,CaHPO40.1~2%,石粉0.1~1%,NaCl 0.1~2%,胆碱0.1~1%,L-Lys(L-赖氨酸盐)0.1~1%,DL-Met(蛋氨酸)0.1~1%,预混料1.00~4.00%,悬浮剂0.1~2%。但针对早期隔离断奶仔猪配置,没有普遍性。200710071655.8公开了通用型奶牛专用液态饲料及其制备方法,其组成包括:裸仁南瓜浆、中药、辅料,裸仁南瓜浆800~1000,中药为黄芪1~6、党参0.6~5、刺五加0.6~5、麦冬0.3~6、枸杞0.3~6、女贞子0.3~6、当归0.6~6、熟地1.0~6、何首乌其0.5~6、肉苁蓉0.6~3、五味子1~9、补骨脂0.3~3、绞股蓝0.6~7、葛根1~6,辅料为葡萄糖粉20~30。但其针对幼崽奶牛。200810137456.7公开了一种环保型微生物发酵无公害液态饲料及其制造方法,其组成包括:能量饲料原料、蛋白质饲料原料、矿物质、维生素、氨基酸、益生菌菌群和复合酶制剂,能量饲料原料的重量份数比为65~77、蛋白质饲料原料的重量份数比为22.5~29.5、矿物质的重量份数比为1.2~1.4、维生素的重量份数比为0.163~0.178、氨基酸的重量份数比为0.1~0.15、益生菌菌群的重量份数比为1.5×10-4和复合酶制剂的重量份数比为3×10-4。但其采用微生物发酵成本较高,不便于加工、大规模使用。201410740395.9公开了一种仔猪生长前期浓缩饲料,由如下重量份的原料组成:鱼粉、海藻粉、白糖、贝壳粉、玉米粉、花生粕、小麦麸、米糠、绿豆粉、菜籽粕、石膏粉、草豆蔻、食盐、硫酸锌、赖氨酸。其针对仔猪快速生长发育配制的固体饲料。在饲喂猪的过程中,繁殖、幼崽和育肥的各个不同阶段,其配方要求不尽相同,然而,针对育肥猪专用的液态饲喂配合饲料较少,而利用淀粉厂废渣结合鸡肠废料制成的育肥猪饲料及其制备方法目前尚未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种育肥猪专用的液态饲喂配合饲料,废物利用,降低成本,实现快速增肥,且达到绿色食品要求。
为实现本发明目的,本发明配方选用淀粉厂废渣结合鸡肠废料制成育肥猪饲料,达到美国NRC 2012年猪营养指南推荐水平,技术方案如下:
所述育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料由以下组分复配而成,各组分以重量份计。
淀粉汤以湿基状态计1762-3125(干基状态计:310-550)
鸡肠以湿基状态计395-543(干基状态计:120-165)
本发明技术方案中所述原料来源如下:
淀粉汤为玉米和/或小麦淀粉下脚料,含干物质5%-30%左右,干物质中粗蛋白质为5%-9.27%,消化能估测为2.65Mcal/kg-3.05Mcal/kg,来自于濮阳、新乡地区淀粉厂。鸡肠为河南、河北和山东三省交界处肉鸡养殖基地废弃物,在年出栏肉鸡。其余原料均为市售品。
所用酸化剂选广东海纳川药业股份有限公司的富力酸。
所用脱霉剂选亿万中元生物技术有限公司的霉立解。生产工艺:
1、将上述固态原料(玉米、小麦、次粉等)混合均匀,经粉碎并过筛,得到浓缩饲料。
2、鸡肠进行蒸煮(杀菌消毒)之后进行粉碎,按比例抽入至立体式液态饲喂料罐中。
3、按照比例把淀粉汤抽入立体式液态饲喂料罐中。
4、按照配方比例把剩余原料加入,按照料水比为1:4的比例混合均匀。
其中预混料中含有的成份说明如下:以干基状态下每Kg育肥猪配合饲料中含量计,
a、矿物质
Cu:3-35mg/kg Fe:40-100mg/kg Zn:40-110mg/kg
Mn:2-20mg/kg Se:0.2-0.5mg/kg I:0.14-10mg/kg
b、维生素
c、其他添加剂
脱霉剂:300-1000mg/kg 酶制剂:200-300mg/kg
木寡糖:200-300mg/kg 抗氧化剂:50-100mg/kg
酵母细胞壁:500-1000mg/kg
本发明配方主要营养成分达到表1要求:
表1本发明配方的营养成分
所述育肥猪指30kg~100kg体重的生长猪,使用该配合饲料时,不仅能解决食品工业副产物排放对环境的污染问题,还能变废为宝,从而使造肉成本降低,提升养猪业的经济效益。
本发明优点:
采用全天然原料,不含抗生素,不含中药,肉质无药物残留,营养丰富,饲喂后,猪腹泻率低、日增重快、抗病力强、饲料转化率高,比普通市售提高10%以上,饲喂效果好,腹泻率1.05%以下,屠宰率达77%以上,可用于绿色猪肉食品生产。并且造肉成本比常规干粉料低30%左右,经济效益突出,值得在养猪密集区大力推广使用。同时,本发明把食品企业副产物廉吸纳入养猪企业中,有效减少废弃物的排放,实现变废为宝,饲喂后,猪体贮留氮量比常规干料可增加0.18g/kgW0.75/天,排放氮量减少,降低了恶臭气味对人身心健康和猪群健康造成的危害,绿色环保。
具体实施方式
为对本发明进行更好地说明举实施例如下:
实施例1:本发明配合饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响
1.1试验设计
1.1.1试验动物
试验选取不同阶段不同时间的三栋猪舍分别进行试验,分别为2号圈舍、3号圈舍和4号圈舍,2号圈舍124头猪,分为4栏,每栏31头,平均体重为30kg;3号圈舍114头猪,分为4栏,平均体重为85kg;4号圈舍120头,分为4栏,每栏30头,平均体重为33.70kg。预饲期7天,正饲期为184d。
1.1.2试验日粮及配方组成
本发明所述育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料由以下组分组成,达到美国NRC 2012年猪营养指南推荐水平,各组分以重量份计,
淀粉汤以湿基状态计1762(干基状态:310)
鸡肠以湿基状态计395(干基状态:120)
本配方中所用原料均为市售原料价格,其成本为1930元/吨,本配方中含水为1726kg,还需额外加水2274kg,按照料水比为1:4的比例进行液态饲喂。
淀粉汤和鸡肠的营养成分如下表所示:
表2淀粉汤和鸡营养成分检测值单位:%
1.2饲养管理
在预饲期,对试验猪进行微调整,3批猪正饲期为184天,试验期间免疫程序均按统一要求执行。分别于早上6:30、中午10:00、下午17:00饲喂,3次饲喂保持食槽有三分之一的饲料。试验全期自由饮水。每天观察试验猪的精神、食欲状况,记录猪只每天采食量,有无腹泻现象,发现病猪及时隔离治疗,记录好猪只用药费用,记录每天的温度和湿度。
1.3屠宰试验
试验在出栏前1周,分别选取具有代表性的猪只10头,体重均重为120~125kg,空腹进行屠宰,记录胴体重、猪肉色泽、背膘厚度。
1.4数据分析
1.4.1本发明配方对育肥猪生产性能的影响
试验数据以重量为单位,计算日均采食量、日增重、料重比、腹泻率、屠宰率。用EXCEL2007处理数据之后,然后用SPSS 20.0统计处理软件进行独立样本T检验分析,结果以平均数±标准差表示。
从表3可以看出,第1批试验猪整个育肥阶段猪日均采食量为2.14kg,日增重为0.84kg,料重比为2.55:1,腹泻率为0.08%;第2批试验猪即育肥后期阶段,日均采食量为2.73kg,日增重为1.09kg,料重比为2.49:1,腹泻率为0.15%;第3批试验猪整个育肥阶段猪日均采食量为2.60kg,日增重为1.07kg,料重比为2.44,腹泻率为1.05%。
表3育肥阶段不同圈舍日增重及料重比
1.4.2本发明配方对育肥猪屠宰率的影响
屠宰率(%)=胴体重/宰前活重×100。
整个育肥阶段经过饲喂本发明液体饲料后,经屠宰,称重,记录胴体重为96.5kg,屠宰率为77.2%。
应用本发明配方按照液态饲喂(料水比为1:4的比例)进行饲喂后,猪腹泻率低、日增重快、料重比降低、饲料转化率高,屠宰率高,已达到良好的饲喂效果。
应用例2本发明配合饲料液态饲喂和干粉料饲喂经济效益分析
1.1试验设计
选用三元杂交猪做试验,饲喂平均60.05kg每组各100头,预饲期1周后开始试验,试验结束时平均体重120.35kg。
1.2饲养管理
1.2.1饲喂方法:
试验组:加水到料水比为1:4时,变成液态料,用液态饲喂系统饲喂,按体重4%干物质投料,每天分3次饲喂。
对照组:2.5mm筛片粉碎,干粉饲喂,每天饲喂次数为3次,自由饮水。
1.3试验日粮及配方组成
本发明所述育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料由以下组分组成,达到美国NRC 2012年猪营养指南推荐水平,各组分以重量份计,
淀粉汤以湿基状态计2841(干基状态:500)
鸡肠以湿基状态计461(干基状态:140)
本配方中所用原料均为市售原料价格,其成本为1638元/吨,本配方中含水为2662kg,还需额外加水1338kg,按照料水比为1:4的比例进行液态饲喂。
1.4数据分析
试验数据如表4:
表4经济效益对比
结论:本发明配合饲料液态饲喂和干粉料饲喂相比,其造肉成本比干粉料饲喂降低3.22元/kg,平均每头猪试验组比对照组节省成本194.17元,达到良好的经济效益。
应用例3本发明配合饲料液态饲喂和干粉料饲喂对环境的影响
1.1试验设计
本试验采用单因子随机区组设计,试验地点在开封杞县红河养猪基地进行,试验选取均重为30.5kg的三元杂交育肥猪1000头,随机分为2个处理组,每处理设20个重复,每个重复25头猪。试验猪采用6天预饲,在预饲期间,对猪只进行微调整,使试验开始前,各组试验猪之间差异不大。对照组饲喂干粉料日粮,试验组饲喂本发明配方日粮,干物质基础一致,两组之间营养水平相近,正饲期为190天,试验结束时平均体重122.5kg。
1.2饲养管理
1.2.1饲喂方法:
试验组:加水到料水比为1:4时,变成液态料,用液态饲喂系统饲喂,按体重4%干物质投料,每天分3次饲喂。
对照组:2.5mm筛片粉碎,干粉饲喂,每天饲喂次数为3次,自由饮水。
1.3试验日粮及配方组成
本发明所述育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料由以下组分组成,达到美国NRC 2012年猪营养指南推荐水平,各组分以重量份计,
淀粉汤以湿基状态计3125(干基状态:550)
鸡肠以湿基状态计543(干基状态:165)
本配方中所用原料均为市售原料价格,其成本为1500元/吨,本配方中含水为2953kg,还需额外加水1047kg,按照料水比为1:4的比例进行液态饲喂。
1.4数据分析
试验数据如表5:
表5本发明液态饲喂配方与干粉料对饲料消化率的影响及经济效益对比
表5
结论:本发明配合饲料液态饲喂和干粉料饲喂相比,干物质消化率可提高12%,猪的粪便相应的减少,可有效的促进环境的改善,本试验结果表明,用此发明配方进行液态饲喂与饲喂干粉比较,其贮留氮量可提高0.18g/kgW0.75/天,降低了对人身心健康及猪群健康与生产性能所造成的危害,猪采食饲料后,饲料在消化道消化过程中(尤其后段肠道),因微生物腐败分解而产生臭气,同时,没有消化吸收部分在体外被微生物降解,也产生恶臭。产生的粪污越多,臭气就越多。提高日粮的消化率、减少干物质(特别是蛋白质)排出量,既减少肠道臭气的产生,又可减少粪便排出后臭气的产生。本发明配方不但可以有效地利用食品工业的副产物和养殖业的废弃物,还可以充分改善养猪环境,提高经济效益,绿色环保,值得推广和应用。
Claims (3)
1.育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料,其特征在于,由以下组分复配而成,各组分以重量份计,
淀粉汤以湿基状态计1762-3125或干基状态计:310-550
鸡肠以湿基状态计395-543或干基状态计:120-165
玉米 100-156
小麦麸 50-150
次粉 50-195
葡萄糖 14-19
碳酸氢钠 1-2
磷酸氢钙 5-6
石粉 12-15
食盐 1-3
脱霉剂 1-2
酸化剂 5-6
质量百分含量98%赖氨酸 1-2.25
质量百分含量98%苏氨酸 3-5
质量百分含量98%色氨酸 0.5-1
质量百分含量98%蛋氨酸 0.5-2
预混料 10-15
蒙脱石 6-10
所述淀粉汤为玉米和/或小麦淀粉下脚料,含干物质5-30%,干物质中粗蛋白质为5%-9.27%,消化能为2.65Mcal/kg-3.05 Mcal/kg。
2.如权利要求1所述的育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料,其特征在于,优选如下配方:
淀粉汤以湿基状态计1762或干基状态:310
鸡肠以湿基状态计395或干基状态:120
玉米 156
小麦麸 150
次粉 195
葡萄糖 19
碳酸氢钠 2
磷酸氢钙 5
石粉 12
食盐 1
脱霉剂 2
酸化剂 6
质量百分含量98%赖氨酸 2.25
质量百分含量98%苏氨酸 3
质量百分含量98%色氨酸 0.75
质量百分含量98%蛋氨酸 1
预混料 10
蒙脱石 6。
3.如权利要求1或 2所述的育肥猪专用液态饲喂配合饲料,其特征在于,营养成分含量如下 :
营养素 营养水平
粗蛋白质/% 15-16.69
消化能/(Mcal/kg) 3.40~4.57
粗灰分/% 5.00-8.00
粗纤维/% 1.50-5.00
钙/% 0.66-0.70
总磷/% 0.56-1.59
赖氨酸/% 1.12-1.50
氯化钠/% 0.50-1.50。
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