CN107173298B - Phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm and phoxinus lagowskii breeding method - Google Patents
Phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm and phoxinus lagowskii breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm and a phoxinus lagowskii breeding method, wherein the phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm comprises the following steps: the system comprises an aquaculture pond, a spawning platform, a platform water injection port, a deep well and an aquaculture pond water discharge port; the spawning platform is fixed in the culture pond through a bracket; a gravel layer is arranged on the spawning platform; a phoxinus lagowskii breeding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the culture pond; putting parent fish; stimulating phoxinus lagowskii parent fish to lay eggs; pulling out the parent fish by using a fishing net; and (5) hatching the fry. In the method, artificial oxytocic is not needed to be injected, artificial egg squeezing is not needed, the fish eggs are fertilized completely in a natural state, the fertilized eggs are not treated artificially, and the whole breeding process is almost carried out under the condition of simulating the natural state; does not damage the parent fish, and the bred parent fish still has higher economic value. The whole breeding process is carried out in a breeding environment imitating Lagowskiella fish under natural conditions, and the bred fish fry is healthy and strong and has high survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of economic animal breeding, and particularly relates to a phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm and a phoxinus lagowskii breeding method.
Background
Phoxinus lagowski (Phoxinus lagowski) belongs to the genera of cypriniformes, cyprinidae, galoshima and Phoxinus, and is a small-sized economic fish. Phoxinus lagowskii is a cold water fish, has the beneficial temperature of 10-25 ℃, is inhabited in a brook and mountain stream with lower water temperature and clear water quality, and is fond of group activities. Before the fish freezes in autumn, the phoxinus lagowskii migrates from an upstream brook to a great river or a river and enters into a river water branch or a stone gap of the great river or a riprap heap to overwinter; in early spring, Lagowskien fish spawns and breeds from midstream to upstream of river in river after the river is unfrozen. The fish of Lagowskiella phoxinus 2 of winter age can reach sexual maturity, and the fish of Lagowskiella phoxinus matured in the reproductive season becomes bright in color and luster, and appears "marriage color". In 5-6 months every year, when the water temperature is about 20 ℃, if the air temperature suddenly drops, the phoxinus lagowskii can quickly mature and concentrate on estrus and spawning. Phoxinus lagowskii spawns in batches, fertilized eggs are viscous, and the fertilized eggs are adhered to sand stones (particularly cobblestones) or aquatic weeds under natural conditions and can hatch fish fries naturally in 3 to 5 days.
In recent years, the natural resources of phoxinus lagowskii have been rapidly reduced due to various reasons such as over fishing and river water pollution, and the current fresh phoxinus lagowskii with the specification of more than 50 g/tail can be sold to more than 80 yuan/kg. The fish has good market prospect, and is wide in application range, strong in disease resistance and poor in feeding property, so that the fish is suitable for high-density large-scale pond culture and is also suitable for being used as a breeding variety for pond culture. Therefore, the phoxinus lagowskii breeding starts to rise gradually in northern areas, the breeding benefit is good, and the prospect is good. However, the cultivation of any fish needs to have sufficient offspring seeds for postcurtate, so that the artificial propagation of phoxinus lagowskii also becomes a hot spot.
At present, fewer researches on artificial propagation of phoxinus lagowskii are carried out. Chinese patent CN201610261449.2 "an artificial breeding method of lagowax phoxinus", discloses an artificial breeding method of lagowax phoxinus, which adopts an artificial spawning site to make lagowax phoxinus spawn, fertilize and hatch smoothly under the condition of artificial spawning, the spawning rate reaches more than 95%, the fertility rate is 86.8%, and the hatchability is 84.6%; however, the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming and is easy to damage parent fishes by manually injecting oxytocic. Zyongquan in "artificial propagation of phoxins lagowskii" mentions that phoxins lagowskii is induced to spawn by an artificial spawning method, and the spawning rate is as high as more than 90%; however, the artificial injection of the oxytocic promotes the parent fish to lay eggs and extrude the eggs manually, so the fertilization operation is difficult, the parent fish is easy to be damaged, and the mass production of the offspring seeds is not facilitated. According to the manual reproduction test of Lagowski fish, Luo Xiao is reported, and a method of hanging a palm fish nest in a small water body sand and stone substrate pond is adopted to enable parent fish to naturally lay eggs; the method has no water flow stimulation, the gonad of the parent fish is not good in development, the parent fish cannot move out after spawning, the egg eating phenomenon is serious, and the emergence rate is reduced. Therefore, a new solution is needed to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phoxinus lagowskii fish breeding farm and a phoxinus lagowskii fish breeding method which do not damage parent fish, do not pollute the environment, have high survival rate of the parent fish after delivery and have less fish egg loss.
Phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm, which comprises: the system comprises an aquaculture pond 1, an egg laying platform 2, a platform water filling port 6, a deep well and an aquaculture pond water outlet; the spawning platform 2 is fixed in the aquaculture pond 1 through a bracket 4; a gravel layer 3 is arranged on the spawning platform 2; the platform water injection port 6 is arranged above one end of the spawning platform 2;
the length of the spawning platform 2 is 20-30 meters, and the width of the spawning platform is 3-5 meters;
the thickness of the gravel layer 3 is 15-20 cm;
the particle size of the gravel layer 3 is 5-8 cm;
the distance between the spawning platform 2 and the normal water level 5 of the aquaculture pond 1 is 45-55 cm.
A phoxinus lagowskii breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) injecting water into the aquaculture pond, wherein the water surface is arranged below the spawning platform, and a gravel layer is exposed; 10-15kg of parent fish is thrown per mu;
2) when the water temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, supplementing water to the aquaculture pond to enable the water surface to be 25-35cm higher than the gravel layer; pumping water in the aquaculture pond by using a water pump, injecting water into a gravel layer on the spawning platform through a platform water injection port, forming water flow in the gravel layer, and flowing towards the other end;
3) when the water temperature of the aquaculture pond is stabilized above 18 ℃, continuously filling well water into the aquaculture pond, discharging low-temperature water in the aquaculture pond when the water temperature is reduced to be below 12 ℃, adding warm water to stabilize the water temperature above 18 ℃, and keeping for 1 day;
4) repeating the step 3); the parent fish of phoxinus lagowskii spawns;
5) after the phoxinus lagowskii produces eggs, pulling out parent fish by using a fishing net;
6) repeating the step 2) at the stable water temperature of 19-21 ℃;
the fish parent is pulled out, namely water in the aquaculture pond is discharged, the water level of the pond water is lower than a spawning platform, the fish parent is forced to leave the spawning platform, then the fish net is used for quickly pulling the fish parent in the aquaculture pond, water is injected to submerge the spawning platform, and the steps are repeated to pull the fish parent;
the step of repeating the previous steps is repeated for 2-3 times;
the flow velocity of the water flow in the step 2) is 0.05-0.15 m/s;
and the well water filling time in the step 3) is 1.5-3 days.
The invention provides a phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm and a phoxinus lagowskii breeding method. Phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm, comprising: the system comprises an aquaculture pond, a spawning platform, a platform water injection port, a deep well and an aquaculture pond water discharge port; the spawning platform is fixed in the culture pond through a bracket; the spawning platform is provided with a gravel layer. A phoxinus lagowskii breeding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the culture pond; putting parent fish; stimulating phoxinus lagowskii parent fish to lay eggs; pulling out the parent fish by using a fishing net; and (5) hatching the fry. In the method, artificial oxytocic is not needed to be injected, artificial egg squeezing is not needed, the fish eggs are fertilized completely in a natural state, the fertilized eggs are not treated artificially, and the whole breeding process is almost carried out under the condition of simulating the natural state; does not damage the parent fish, and the bred parent fish still has higher economic value. The whole breeding process is carried out in a breeding environment imitating Lagowskiella fish under natural conditions, and the bred fish fry is healthy and strong and has high survival rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm.
Detailed Description
Example 1 phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm
Please refer to fig. 1 and 2, a fish breeding farm includes: the system comprises an aquaculture pond 1, an egg laying platform 2, a platform water filling port 6, a deep well and an aquaculture pond water outlet;
the spawning platform 2 is 20-30 meters long and 3-5 meters wide, and is fixed in the aquaculture pond 1 through a support 4, and a gravel layer 3 is arranged on the spawning platform 2;
the distance between the spawning platform 2 and the normal water level line 5 of the aquaculture pond 1 is 50 cm;
the thickness of the gravel layer 3 is 15-20 cm.
Example 2 phoxinus lagowskii breeding method
The phoxinus lagowskii breeding method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a proper spawning pond: an aquaculture pond with an area of 1-3 mu is selected as a spawning pond. The pond requires sufficient water source, good water retention and convenient water injection and drainage, and particularly can inject well water and water in natural water areas at any time. The shape of the pond should be regular, so that the operation of feeding management, net pulling and the like is convenient. After the river is opened in spring, the pond is about 10cm deep, 150kg of quick lime is used for each mu, and the pond is splashed after slurry is dissolved so as to kill wild trash fish, aquatic insects, benthos and various pathogens.
2) Erecting a spawning site: after the pond is disinfected for 5 days, a platform with the length of 20-30 meters and the width of 3-5 meters is built by using wood boards at a place where water is convenient to be injected into the pond, and the platform is arranged at the position of the pond with the normal water level of 5 and the water depth of 50 cm. Then, clean cobbles with the thickness of 15-20cm are paved on the platform to be used as a spawning site. The particle size of the pebbles is 5-8 cm. After the spawning site is erected, the pond is injected with water to the bottom of the spawning site, so that the cobblestones are exposed out of the water.
3) Putting parent fish: at the end of about 4 months, 10-15kg of parent fish is thrown per mu. The phoxinus lagowskii with strong physique, regular specification, bright body color, no diseases and no injury and good development with the body length of more than 15 cm is selected as the parent fish, the ratio of male to female is about 1: 1.
4) imitating natural conditions: and in the last and middle ten days of 5 months, when the temperature of the pond water is stabilized to be more than 10 ℃, injecting water into the pond to improve the water level, so that the pond water submerges pebbles on the hatching field by about 30 cm. Then pumping the water in the original pool by a water pump to flow through the spawning site along the length direction of the spawning site, so that the spawning site forms water flow with the flow rate of 0.05-0.15 m/s. Simulating a river with cobblestone as the substrate under natural conditions to form an artificial simulated spawning site, and stimulating Lagowskien to grow mature and spawn. In late 5 months, when the temperature of the pond water is stabilized to be above 18 ℃, well water is continuously filled into the pond to reduce the temperature of the pond water, after about two days, when the temperature of the pond water is reduced to be below 12 ℃, low-temperature water in the pond is quickly drained, and then water with normal temperature in a natural water area is filled to improve the temperature of the pond water. After 1 day when the water temperature is stabilized above 18 ℃, the spawning is induced once more according to the method. Through the stimulation of the nature-imitated condition, the parent fish of the Lagowskiella fish starts to intensively mature and lay eggs. Fertilized eggs are sticky and the eggs adhere to the cobbles of the egg laying site.
5) Separating parent fish after spawning: after phoxinus lagowskii starts laying eggs for 3 days, quickly (2-5h) pumping out water in the spawning pond to enable the water level of the pond water to be lower than the spawning site, then quickly pulling out parent fishes in the spawning pond by using a fishing net, and then quickly (2-5h) injecting the pond water into the submerged spawning site. Repeating the above operation at intervals of 2-3h to lure out the parent fish of phoxinus lagowskii in the stone seam of the spawning ground, and pulling out the parent fish by using a net. Repeating the above steps for 2-3 times to clean the parent fish of Lagowski fish in the spawning pond.
6) Hatching fertilized eggs: after the parent fish of phoxinus lagowskii is separated, the pond water is injected to the original position, and the pond water submerges the spawning ground by about 30 cm. The original pond is still pumped by a water pump to flush the spawning site, so as to form artificial hatching water flow. When the water temperature is about 20 ℃, fry can hatch for about 3 to 5 days, and the fry is fearless of light and begins to be hidden in pebble gaps. After 6-8 days, the larval fish can not feel light any more, and can automatically swim and begin to eat after opening.
7) Fry breeding: 4-5 days before the fry are opened to feed, if large cladocera and copepods are found in the pond, the large cladocera and copepods are killed by using the concentration of 0.1-0.3ppm of crystal trichlorfon, so that the growth of palatable baits such as rotifers and the like in the pond is facilitated, and the larval fish is ensured to have rich opening baits. After the larval fish completely floats upwards and starts to eat, certain soybean milk is splashed every day for feeding. The feeding amount is 150g of soybean for every 1 ten thousand fish fries per day. After about one month of feeding, the Lagowskiella fish can be sold out of the pond or transferred to other ponds for the next stage of cultivation when the Lagowskiella fish grows to about 3 cm.
2012 and 2015, 10 batches of lawski fish simulation ecological breeding tests are respectively carried out in 5 aquaculture institutions such as extended migratory fish breeding farms, Wanqing county science rich willow root aquaculture professional cooperative, Wanqing county forestry bureau litsea, Yongji county ridge reservoir, rock city yellow river reservoir and the like. The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the spawning rate reaches 81.8%, the fertilization rate reaches 71.3%, and the hatching rate reaches 91.8%. Practice proves that the spawning rate and the hatching rate both achieve very high effects except that the fertilization rate is lower than that of artificial fertilization in a natural state. The invention does not need drug to induce spawning, and the simulation of natural state still achieves good effect on the induction of spawning of phoxinus lagowskii. Moreover, the phoxinus lagowskii is induced to spawn without using drugs, does not hurt the parent fish, does not pollute the environment and has high survival rate of the postpartum parent fish. The incubation of the fertilized eggs is carried out under the highly simulated natural environment, so that the incubation rate is high, and the labor, the time and the labor are saved.
TABLE 1 results of phoxinus lagowskii experiment in bionic breeding
Claims (3)
1. A phoxinus lagowskii breeding method adopts a phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm, the phoxinus lagowskii breeding farm comprises a breeding pond (1), a spawning platform (2), a platform water injection port (6), a deep water well and a breeding pond water discharge port, wherein the spawning platform (2) is fixed in the breeding pond (1) by a bracket (4); a gravel layer (3) is arranged on the spawning platform (2); the platform water injection port (6) is arranged above one end of the spawning platform (2);
the length of the spawning platform (2) is 20-30 meters, and the width of the spawning platform is 3-5 meters;
the thickness of the gravel layer (3) is 15-20 cm;
the particle size of the gravel layer (3) is 5-8 cm;
the distance between the spawning platform (2) and the normal water level (5) of the aquaculture pond (1) is 45-55 cm;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) injecting water into the aquaculture pond, wherein the water surface is arranged below the spawning platform, and a gravel layer is exposed; 10-15kg of parent fish is thrown per mu;
2) when the water temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, supplementing water to the aquaculture pond to enable the water surface to be 25-35cm higher than the gravel layer; pumping water in the aquaculture pond by using a water pump, injecting water into a gravel layer on the spawning platform through a platform water injection port, forming water flow in the gravel layer, and flowing towards the other end; the flow velocity of the water flow is 0.05-0.15 m/s;
3) when the water temperature of the aquaculture pond is stabilized above 18 ℃, continuously filling well water into the aquaculture pond, discharging low-temperature water in the aquaculture pond when the water temperature is reduced to below 12 ℃ within 1.5-3 days after the well water is filled, adding warm water to stabilize the water temperature above 18 ℃, and keeping for 1 day;
4) repeating the step 3); the parent fish of phoxinus lagowskii spawns;
5) after the phoxinus lagowskii produces eggs, pulling out parent fish by using a fishing net;
6) and (5) stabilizing the water temperature by 19-21 ℃, and repeating the step 2).
2. A method for propagating Lagowskiella fish according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fish net is used for rapidly cleaning the parent fish in the aquaculture pond, the water level of the pond water is lower than a spawning platform, the phoxinus lagowskii is forced to leave the spawning platform, the parent fish in the aquaculture pond is cleaned by the fish net, the spawning platform is submerged by water injection, and the steps are repeated to clean the phoxinus lagowskii parent fish.
3. A method for propagating lagowax according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the steps are repeated for 2-3 times.
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