CN107172948A - A kind of abrupt slope hillside orchard fertilization system and its control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of abrupt slope hillside orchard fertilization system and its control method, and the abrupt slope hillside orchard fertilization system includes water source project, feed proportioning system, power-equipment, water transfer pipe network and sprays equipment.The control method includes feed liquid preparation, filtering, starts and irrigate press device, spray the step of feed liquid, cleaning match somebody with somebody fertile system and water transfer pipe network, close power-equipment and water valve.Liquid material is sent to abrupt slope hillside orchard through water transfer pipe network and respectively sprays region by the present invention by feed proportioning system and power-equipment, and coupling high-pressure fog flexible pipe and spray gun in the outlet valve for respectively spraying region can implement to spray operation to fruit tree in region.The system is applied to abrupt slope hillside orchard, and with small investment, the effectively save human resources of energy significantly reduce labor intensity and production cost, increase substantially abrupt slope hillside orchard pesticide, apply foliar fertilizer efficiency.

Description

A fertilization system and control method for orchards on steep slopes

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a fertilization system and a control method for orchards in steep slopes and mountains.

Background technique

In recent years, the agricultural planting structure in the mountainous areas of southern my country has undergone major changes. Large-scale planting of various characteristic fruit trees on hillsides (below 30°) and even steep slopes (above 30°) has become the goal of farmers’ per capita net income doubling plan. Pillar industry. During the period of fruit tree growth management and maintenance, timely disease control and fertilization management are required. To ensure the high yield of fruit trees and increase farmers' income, a convenient method of pesticide spraying and fertilization in orchards on steep slopes is needed.

Water and fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. The integration of water and fertilizer is to use the pressure system (or the natural drop of the terrain) to mix the soluble solid or liquid fertilizer according to the soil nutrient content and the law and characteristics of the fertilizer demand of the crop species, and the fertilizer solution is mixed with the irrigation water through the controllable pipeline. The system supplies water and fertilizer. After the water and fertilizer are mixed together, drip irrigation is formed through pipes and drippers, evenly, regularly, and quantitatively, infiltrating the growth area of the root system of the crops, so that the main root system soil is always kept loose and suitable for water content. At the same time, according to different The characteristics of crops' fertilizer requirements, soil environment and nutrient content; crops' water requirements in different growth periods, and the law of fertilizer requirements are designed for different growth periods, and water and nutrients are regularly and quantitatively provided to crops directly in proportion.

Conventional manual spraying of pesticides and fertilization is time-consuming, labor-intensive, low fertilizer utilization rate, and low efficiency of spraying pesticides and fertilizers. The main mode of existing water and fertilizer irrigation for orchards on hillsides is gravity-type water and fertilizer integration. Its advantage is to use the terrain characteristics to build reservoirs and mixed fertilizer ponds on the hillside. It can realize irrigation and fertilization without additional power, and the use cost is low. The disadvantage is that the function is single, and it can only be sprayed or dripped on the roots of fruit trees, but not on the leaves.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the patent of the present invention aims to provide a fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes. Through the batching system and power equipment, pesticides or foliar fertilizers are sent to the spraying areas of orchards on steep slopes through the water pipe network. The spraying operation can be carried out by connecting the water outlet valve of each spraying area with the high-pressure spray hose and the spray gun.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes, including water source engineering, batching systems, power equipment, water delivery pipe networks and spraying equipment;

The water source project includes a cistern and a rainwater collection tank. The bottom of the cistern is covered with steel bars and cement mortar is laid. The wall of the cistern is made of cement bricks or red bricks. The bottom of the pool and the visible parts of the wall are covered with cement mortar Smooth the outer layer with cement slurry after drying. The top of the reservoir is covered with galvanized iron sheet; the top of the reservoir is externally connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and a submersible pump is placed to hang in the middle of the pool; a filter is installed at the bottom of the rainwater collection tank, and the rainwater is filtered Finally, it is connected to the storage tank through a water pipe equipped with a solenoid valve, and a height difference of 30-50cm is set between the bottom of the rainwater collection tank and the top of the storage tank;

The batching system includes a batching tank, a storage tank and a filtering device. The batching tank and the storage tank are adjacent to each other. There is a height difference of 10-30 cm between the top of the storage tank and the bottom of the batching tank. Water pool; the batching pool is equipped with a drainage pipe near the bottom side of the storage tank, and the water outlet is wrapped with double-layer nylon cloth, and the filtered medicine or fertilizer can be directly injected into the storage pool; the batching pool is connected to the submersible pump in the storage The outgoing water pipes are connected and equipped with control valves;

The power equipment includes a three-phase asynchronous motor, a plunger pump and a three-phase power supply; the motor is connected to the plunger pump, the feed pipe of the plunger pump extends into the storage tank, and the discharge port is connected to the water delivery pipe network. connected, the overload outlet is connected with an aluminum-plastic pipe to return to the storage tank;

The water delivery pipe network includes a main pipe and a secondary main pipe buried in the ground. The main pipe and the secondary main pipe are thickened pressure-resistant aluminum-plastic pipes; The main pipe, the main pipe is arranged horizontally with the secondary main pipe at an interval of 40-60 meters, the valve switch is installed at the connection between the main pipe and the secondary main pipe, and a water outlet valve is installed at every 40-60 meter interval on the secondary main pipe;

The spraying equipment includes a high-pressure spray hose and a spray gun; the high-pressure spray hose is connected with the outlet valve of the sub-dry pipe, and the feed port of the spray gun is connected with the high-pressure spray hose.

The fertilization system is set in mountain orchards with a slope of 30°-70°.

The specification of the reservoir is Ø3m×2m, the height of the reservoir is no more than 50cm, the specification of the tap water inlet pipe outside the reservoir is Ø60-65mm, and the specification of the water pipe connecting the reservoir and the rainwater collection tank is Ø60-65mm .

The water storage tank is provided with a drain pipe, and when the liquid level of the water storage tank exceeds a specified position, the pool water is automatically discharged through the drain pipe. When the rainwater is not enough, the pool water of the reservoir is replenished with tap water.

The specifications of the inner diameter of the batching tank and the storage tank are both 2m×1m×1m, the specification of the drainage pipe installed in the batching tank is φ70-80mm, and the specification of the nylon cloth of the water outlet filter is 40 mesh.

The power of the three-phase asynchronous motor is 7kw, the power of the plunger pump is 3.0-9.5kw, the flow rate is 103-106L/min, the pressure is 20-50kg/cm2, and the power supply is 380V.

The water delivery pipe network is buried below 30cm on the ground, the specifications of the main pipe and the secondary main pipe are Ø50mm and Ø32mm respectively, and the distance between the two ends of the main pipe and the secondary main pipe is 30 meters from the edge of the orchard, and the water outlet valve on the secondary main pipe The specification is Ø10mm.

The specification of the high-pressure spray hose is Ø10mm and 30 meters long, and the spray gun is straight with cap and 150cm long.

The control method of the system includes the following steps:

(1) Pesticide or foliar fertilizer preparation: According to the spraying concentration requirements, first dissolve the pesticide or foliar fertilizer in a plastic bucket with tap water, then pour it into the batching tank, and open the control valve of the water pipe connecting the batching tank and the reservoir Pour water into the pool, stir with a long spoon to make the required feed liquid, open the outlet valve at the bottom, filter the feed liquid, and pour it into the storage tank for later use;

(2) Start the irrigation pressure equipment: check the connection of the motor, plunger pump, inlet and outlet, and overload emergency pipelines, start the motor after confirming safety, adjust the irrigation pressure of the plunger pump, and pump the liquid in the storage tank into the water delivery pipe network main pipe;

(3) Spraying material liquid: According to the area where the material liquid needs to be sprayed in the hillside orchard, the control valves are opened in turn, the sprayer shoulders the spray hose, and walks around with the hand-held sprayer to spray the material liquid for the fruit trees;

(4) Cleaning the batching system and water delivery pipe network: After spraying the material liquid, open the water valves on the pipe network, clean the batching system with clean water and start the power equipment again to clean the entire water delivery pipe network with clean water;

(5) Close the power equipment and water valves: After cleaning the batching system and water delivery pipe network, close the power equipment and water valves.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The fertilization system and its control method for orchards on steep slopes of the present invention have low investment, long service life, create objective economic benefits, and provide a basis for farmers to increase production, generate income, and take the road of sustainable development;

2. The fertilization system and control method for orchards on steep slopes of the present invention can effectively improve the utilization rate of pesticides and fertilizers, and reduce the cost of use;

3. The fertilization system and control method for orchards in steep slopes and mountains of the present invention can effectively save a large amount of human resources, significantly reduce labor intensity, and greatly improve the efficiency of spraying pesticides and applying foliar fertilizers in orchards in steep slopes and mountains;

4. The fertilization system and control method of the steep slope mountain orchard of the present invention can effectively send the prepared pesticide or foliar fertilizer to each spraying area of the steep slope mountain orchard through the water delivery pipe network, and the water output in each spraying area The valve is connected to the high-pressure spray hose and the spray gun to facilitate the operation;

5. The top of the reservoir of the present invention is covered with a galvanized iron sheet, which can effectively prevent the entry of foreign matter and the growth of algae;

6. There is a height difference between the top of the material storage tank and the bottom of the batching tank of the present invention, which is convenient for all the material liquid to be discharged;

7. This application adopts rainwater collection tanks to collect rainwater, which can save water resources and greatly alleviate the problem of water shortage in our country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the patent of the present invention;

Reference signs: 1-reservoir, 2-dosing tank, 3-storage tank, 4-filtering device, 5-material-liquid delivery control room, 6-main pipe, 7-secondary main pipe, 8-valve switch, 9-Water outlet valve, 10-High pressure spray hose, 11-Spray gun, 12-Plunger pump, 13-Three-phase asynchronous motor, 14-Rainwater collection tank, 15-Filter of rainwater collection tank, 16-Drain pipe, 17 -Control valves.

detailed description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention

Example 1

A fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes, including water source engineering, batching systems, power equipment, water delivery pipe networks and spraying equipment. The system of pesticide spraying and foliar fertilizer application in orchards on steep slopes is better to be built on gentle slopes or tops of orchards on steep slopes. If there is no suitable location, it can be built at the bottom of the slope;

The water source project includes a reservoir 1 and a rainwater collection pond 14, the size of the reservoir is Ø3m×2m, and the height of the reservoir is no more than 50cm above the ground. The bottom of the pool must lay a good foundation, lower the reinforcement and spread cement mortar. The wall of the reservoir is made of cement bricks or red bricks. The bottom of the pool and the visible parts of the wall are smoothed with cement mortar. , The top of the reservoir is covered with galvanized iron sheet to prevent the entry of foreign matter and the growth of algae. A Ø60-65mm tap water inlet pipe is externally connected to the top of the reservoir, and a submersible pump is placed to hang from the middle of the reservoir. The bottom of the rainwater collection tank is provided with a filter 15, and the filtered rainwater is connected to the storage tank through a water pipe provided with a solenoid valve. The bottom of the rainwater collection tank and the top of the storage tank are provided with a height drop of 30-50 cm. The reservoir is provided with a drainpipe, and when the liquid level of the reservoir exceeds the specified position, the water in the pool is automatically discharged through the drainpipe 16. When the rainwater is not enough, the pool water of the reservoir is replenished with tap water.

The batching system includes a batching tank 2, a storage tank 3 and a filter device 4. The inner diameter specifications of the batching tank and the storage tank are both 2m×1m×1m. 10-30cm, the civil construction method of the two pools refers to the reservoir. A Ø70-80mm drainage pipe is installed near the bottom side of the batching tank, and the water outlet is wrapped with double-layer 40-mesh nylon cloth, and the filtered potion or fertilizer can be directly injected into the storage tank.

The power equipment includes a three-phase asynchronous motor 13 (power 7kw, voltage 380V), a plunger pump 12 (power 3.0-9.5kw, flow rate 103-106 L/min, pressure 20-50kg/cm2) and three phase power supply, and place the above-mentioned equipment in the material liquid conveying control room. The motor is connected with the plunger pump, the feed pipe of the plunger pump extends into the storage tank, the discharge port is connected with the water delivery pipe network, and the overload discharge port is connected with an aluminum-plastic pipe to return to the storage tank.

The water delivery pipe network includes the main pipe 6 and the secondary main pipe 7, which are buried below 30 cm in the ground. The main pipe is connected with the plunger pump, and one main pipe is arranged longitudinally along the steep slope mountain orchard, and the main pipe is arranged at an interval of 50 meters, and the secondary main pipe is arranged horizontally. Valve switches 8 are installed near the main pipe end of the main pipe, and Ø10mm water outlet valves 9 are installed at intervals of 50 meters on the secondary main pipe.

The spraying equipment comprises a Ø10mm high-pressure spray hose 10 with a length of 30 meters and a straight capped spray gun 11 with a length of 150 cm. The high-pressure spray hose is connected with the outlet valve of the sub-dry pipe, and the feed port of the spray gun is connected with the high-pressure spray hose.

Example 2

Utilize the control method of spraying pesticide, the system spraying fruit tree foliage fertilizer of steep slope mountain orchard described in embodiment 1, its concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Foliar fertilizer preparation: Take persimmons grown in orchards as an example, choose water-soluble and instant fertilizers. Commonly used fertilizers include urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride (white), water-soluble potassium sulfate, etc. According to the concentration of foliar fertilizer spraying, the nutrient formula of persimmons is drawn up in different growth periods. Dissolve the fertilizer in a plastic bucket with tap water first, then pour it into the fertilizer mixing tank, gradually add water from the reservoir, and stir it with a long spoon to form a leaf fertilizer. Facial fertilizer. Open the water outlet valve at the bottom, filter the foliar fertilizer solution, and pour it into the storage tank for standby.

(2) Start the irrigation pressure equipment: check the connection of the motor, plunger pump, inlet and outlet, and overload emergency pipelines, start the motor after confirming safety, and adjust the irrigation pressure of the plunger pump to 25㎏/cm ² .

(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer: According to the area where foliar fertilizer needs to be sprayed in the hillside orchard, the control valves are opened in turn, and the sprayer shoulders the spray hose and walks around with a hand-held sprayer to spray foliar fertilizer for the fruit trees.

(4) Clean the fertilizer distribution system and the water delivery pipe network: After spraying the foliar fertilizer, open the water valves on the pipe network, clean the fertilizer distribution system with clean water and start the power equipment again to clean the entire water delivery pipe network with clean water.

(5) Close the power equipment and water valves: After cleaning the fertilizer distribution system and water delivery pipe network, close the power equipment and water valves.

Example 3

Utilize the control method of the system spraying orchard pesticide of the steep slope mountain orchard described in embodiment 1 to spray pesticide, apply foliage fertilizer, its concrete steps are as follows:

(1) Pesticide preparation: Take the planting of tangerine fruit in steep mountain orchards as an example. For orchards with serious pests and diseases, 40% isocarbophos 800 times + 30% acephate 600 times + 50% sulfur suspension can be used 300 times spray + 70% mancozeb 600 times, orchards with severe mite infestation can be sprayed with 73% gramite 2500 times, which can achieve the purpose of killing insects, killing mites and preventing diseases. According to the requirements for preventing and controlling pests and mites, gradually add water from the reservoir, dissolve the pesticide in the batching tank, mix well, and prepare the pesticide with the required concentration. Open the water outlet valve at the bottom, filter the prepared pesticide solution, and pour it into the storage tank for standby.

(2) Start the irrigation pressure equipment: check the connection of the motor, plunger pump, inlet and outlet, and overload emergency pipelines, start the motor after confirming safety, and adjust the irrigation pressure of the plunger pump to 25㎏/cm ² .

(3) Pesticide spraying: According to the areas that need to be sprayed with pesticides in the hillside orchard, the control valves are opened in turn, and the sprayer shoulders the spray hose and walks around with the sprayer to spray pesticides for the fruit trees.

(4) Cleaning the dispensing system and water delivery pipe network: After spraying pesticides, open the water valves on the pipe network, clean the dispensing system with clean water and start the power equipment again to clean the entire water delivery pipe network with clean water.

(5) Close the power equipment and water valves: After cleaning the dispensing system and the water delivery pipe network, close the power equipment and water valves.

The fertilization system of the present invention has low investment, can effectively save a large amount of human resources, significantly reduce labor intensity and production costs, and greatly improve the efficiency of pesticide spraying and foliar fertilizer application in orchards on steep slopes (see Table 1 and Table 2).

Table 1 Investment Estimation Form

Table 2 Spraying efficiency table

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process exchange made by using the content of the description of the present invention, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, All are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.

Claims (9)

1. A fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes, characterized in that it includes water source engineering, batching systems, power equipment, water delivery pipe networks and spraying equipment; The water source project includes a cistern and a rainwater collection tank. The bottom of the cistern is covered with steel bars and cement mortar is laid. The wall of the cistern is made of cement bricks or red bricks. The bottom of the pool and the visible parts of the wall are covered with cement mortar Smooth the outer layer with cement slurry after drying. The top of the reservoir is covered with galvanized iron sheet; the top of the reservoir is externally connected to the tap water inlet pipe, and a submersible pump is placed to hang in the middle of the pool; a filter is installed at the bottom of the rainwater collection tank, and the rainwater is filtered Finally, it is connected to the storage tank through a water pipe equipped with a solenoid valve, and a height difference of 30-50cm is set between the bottom of the rainwater collection tank and the top of the storage tank; The batching system includes a batching tank, a storage tank and a filtering device. The batching tank and the storage tank are adjacent to each other. There is a height difference of 10-30 cm between the top of the storage tank and the bottom of the batching tank. Water pool; the batching pool is equipped with a drainage pipe near the bottom side of the storage tank, and the water outlet is wrapped with double-layer nylon cloth, and the filtered medicine or fertilizer can be directly injected into the storage pool; the batching pool is connected to the submersible pump in the storage The outgoing water pipes are connected and equipped with control valves; The power equipment includes a three-phase asynchronous motor, a plunger pump and a three-phase power supply; the motor is connected to the plunger pump, the feed pipe of the plunger pump extends into the storage tank, and the discharge port is connected to the water delivery pipe network. connected, the overload outlet is connected with an aluminum-plastic pipe to return to the storage tank; The water delivery pipe network includes a main pipe and a secondary main pipe buried in the ground. The main pipe and the secondary main pipe are thickened pressure-resistant aluminum-plastic pipes; The main pipe, the main pipe is arranged horizontally with the secondary main pipe at an interval of 40-60 meters, the valve switch is installed at the connection between the main pipe and the secondary main pipe, and a water outlet valve is installed at every 40-60 meter interval on the secondary main pipe; The spraying equipment includes a high-pressure spray hose and a spray gun; the high-pressure spray hose is connected with the outlet valve of the sub-dry pipe, and the feed port of the spray gun is connected with the high-pressure spray hose. 2. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilization system is set in mountain orchards with a slope of 30°-70°. 3. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the reservoir is Ø3m×2m, the part of the reservoir higher than the ground is no more than 50cm, and the specification of the tap water inlet pipe connected to the reservoir is Ø60 -65mm, the specification of the water pipe connecting the reservoir and the rainwater collection tank is Ø 60-65mm. 4. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reservoir is provided with a drainpipe, and when the liquid level of the reservoir exceeds a specified position, the pool water is automatically discharged through the drainpipe. 5. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the internal diameter specifications of the batching tank and the storage tank are both 2m×1m×1m, and the specification of the drainage pipe installed in the batching tank is φ70-80mm, and the water outlet The specification of filter nylon cloth is 40 mesh. 6. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power of the three-phase asynchronous motor is 7kw, the power of the plunger pump is 3.0-9.5kw, the flow rate is 103-106L/min, and the pressure is 20-50 ㎏/cm ² , the power supply is 380V. 7. The fertilization system for steep mountain orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water delivery pipe network is buried below 30cm on the ground, the specifications of the main pipe and the secondary pipe are Ø50mm and Ø32mm respectively, and the main pipe and the secondary pipe are Ø50mm and Ø32mm respectively. The two ends of the pipe are 30 meters away from the edge of the orchard, and the specification of the outlet valve on the secondary main pipe is Ø10mm. 8. The fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specification of the high-pressure spray hose is Ø10mm and 30 meters long, and the spray gun is straight with cap and 150cm long. 9. The fertilization system for orchards on steep slopes according to claim 1, wherein the control method of the system comprises the following steps: (1) Pesticide or foliar fertilizer preparation: According to the spraying concentration requirements, first dissolve the pesticide or foliar fertilizer in a plastic bucket with tap water, then pour it into the batching tank, and open the control valve of the water pipe connecting the batching tank and the reservoir Pour water into the pool, stir with a long spoon to make the required feed liquid, open the outlet valve at the bottom, filter the feed liquid, and pour it into the storage tank for later use; (2) Start the irrigation pressure equipment: check the connection of the motor, plunger pump, inlet and outlet, and overload emergency pipelines, start the motor after confirming safety, adjust the irrigation pressure of the plunger pump, and pump the liquid in the storage tank into the water delivery pipe network main pipe; (3) Spraying material liquid: According to the area where the material liquid needs to be sprayed in the hillside orchard, the control valves are opened in turn, the sprayer shoulders the spray hose, and walks around with the hand-held sprayer to spray the material liquid for the fruit trees; (4) Cleaning the batching system and water delivery pipe network: After spraying the material liquid, open the water valves on the pipe network, clean the batching system with clean water and start the power equipment again to clean the entire water delivery pipe network with clean water; (5) Close the power equipment and water valves: After cleaning the batching system and water delivery pipe network, close the power equipment and water valves.