CN107165636A - A kind of method of strip pit exploitation - Google Patents
A kind of method of strip pit exploitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107165636A CN107165636A CN201710598375.6A CN201710598375A CN107165636A CN 107165636 A CN107165636 A CN 107165636A CN 201710598375 A CN201710598375 A CN 201710598375A CN 107165636 A CN107165636 A CN 107165636A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- platform
- rock drilling
- nugget
- drilling platform
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of strip pit exploitation.The present invention falls ore deposit using multi-segment blasting method, make most of broken ore by the muck platform of smooth throwing to lowermost layer, the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform is few, and overcoming separate zone production mode needs secondary transhipment to be detained the shortcoming of ore-rock, significantly reduces the production cost in mine；And it is synchronous to form the layering rock drilling platform of multilayer newly after explosion, both ensured that the safety of industry was pretended in follow-up rock drilling operation, shovel, the Rolling Stone that high gradient slope is brought and the potential safety hazard fallen are eliminated again.Test result indicates that, after the method exploitation for the strip pit exploitation that the present invention is provided, the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform reduces more than 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deposit mining technology field, more particularly to a kind of method of strip pit exploitation.
Background technology
At present, surface mining occupies very important status in extractive industry, according to statistics, and mineral resources are outdoor in the world
Exploitation proportion has accounted for 2/3rds.The method of Modern Mechanical surface mining is main according to ore body occurrence status, topography and geomorphology bar
The features such as the stowed location and quantity of part and overburden are distinguish between.In strip pit exploitation, main production practice has
Step mining type and separate zone production mode.
Ore-rock is divided into several horizontal slices by benching by certain thickness, from top to bottom it is stepped successively
Exploitation, and keep certain lead relationship；During benching, for the ore-rock of extraction is transported into stope, while making Harvesting equipment
Level of operation is reached, highway of going up a hill need to be built；In recovery process, working bank is divided into several has the bar of one fixed width
Band order mining；As the level of step promotes the stope for making its place level constantly to expand, pulling open for New step working face makes
Stope is able to deepening, and the level of step is promoted and new height pulls open the extension for constituting excavating plant and deepening, until arrival
Final mining area.This method is safe and reliable, and flexibility is big, and suitable means of transportation can be chosen by actual conditions, and mechanization degree is high,
Therefore its production efficiency is high, but infrastructure project amount is big, and extractive equipment requires high, it is adaptable to exploit that mining area scope is big, the massif gradient
Slow extensive surface mine.
Ore-rock is divided into several horizontal slices, each horizontal slice and divides nugget by separate zone production by certain thickness,
During exploitation need not point step promote, the direct blast throwing of nugget of highest level is to shoveling assembling platform, level of the subsequent explosion under it
Nugget is layered, by that analogy；It is each to be layered order mining from top to bottom, the lead relationship of a nugget is kept between layering, with
Level is promoted while exploitation, and when being advanced into final mining area, bed rearrangement mining is finished.This method is can not to use step
In the case that formula is exploited, the feasible mining type of exploitation safety is ensure that, the build for Transportation Highway of going up a hill, one can be saved
As need to only build the low-cost road on excavator to each layering rock drilling platform, save great amount of investment, but after explosion, part is detained
Secondary transhipment is needed in the ore of layering rock drilling platform, production cost is added.It is precipitous that this method is adapted to exploitation massif, it is impossible to repaiies
Transport routes of going up a hill are built, the small open stone quarry of dress can only be shoveled in lowermost layer.
When exploiting bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit (gradient is more than 45 °), individually it can all be run into using any one above-mentioned method
Some safety, technology or economic problems.According to benching bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit, then it is difficult to the fortune of going up a hill for building safety
Defeated highway, while respectively layering step is difficult to the certain lead relationship of holding and there is potential safety hazard, and bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit
General production scale is smaller, will increase capital construction cost using benching, and extend production time；According to separate zone production mode
Exploit bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit, although while ensuring safe, save the great amount of investment for building Transportation Highway of going up a hill, but
After per separate explosion, being partly trapped in the ore of rock drilling platform needs secondary transhipment, will substantially increase production cost.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of strip pit exploitation.The strip pit that the present invention is provided is opened
The method safety adopted is reliable, and blasting efficiency is high, and production cost is low.
The invention provides a kind of method of strip pit exploitation, comprise the following steps：
(1) simple passage of going up a hill is built to mountain top；In mountain top advance stripping coating formation highest level workbench；
Quarry floor sets muck platform；
(2) ore deposit that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)
Layer；Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, forms the layering rock drilling of the step with same widths
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) each ore bed in the step (2) is divided into multiple ore deposits along the width for being layered rock drilling platform respectively
Block, the width of the nugget is identical with the width of the layering rock drilling platform, inclination angle and the ore bed where nugget of the nugget
Slope angle is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
It is preferred that, the width of layering rock drilling platform is 5~6m in the step (2).
It is preferred that, the length of layering rock drilling platform is 20~30m in the step (2).
It is preferred that, the explosion in the step (4) is medium-length hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating.
It is preferred that, the outermost nugget in the step (4) in each ore bed arranges 2~3 artillery salvo holes.
It is preferred that, the inclination angle of the blasthole is 65 °~80 °.
It is preferred that, a diameter of 90~210mm of the blasthole.
It is preferred that, the minimum burden of step (4) borehole blasting is 25~45 times of blasthole diameter.
It is preferred that, the Holespacing of step (4) borehole blasting is 1.0~1.5 times of minimum burden.
It is preferred that, mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is not more than 60 ° in the step (5).
The invention provides a kind of method of strip pit exploitation, comprise the following steps：Build and simply go up a hill passage extremely
Mountain top；In mountain top advance stripping coating formation highest level workbench；In quarry floor, muck platform is set；By highest
It is divided into the ore bed that height is 10~20m between horizontal operation platform and muck platform；Each ore bed is relative to an adjacent upper ore bed
For lead relationship, the layering rock drilling platform of the step with same widths is formed；The width of the layering rock drilling platform for 4~
7m；Each ore bed is divided into multiple nuggets along the width of layering rock drilling platform respectively, the width of the nugget with it is described
The width for being layered rock drilling platform is identical, and the inclination angle of the nugget is identical with the slope angle of ore bed where nugget；To in each ore bed
Outermost nugget carries out explosion, makes ore avalanche to muck platform；Repeat the explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, exploitation
To mineral deposit last slope.The present invention falls ore deposit using multi-segment blasting method, carries out explosion to the outermost nugget of each ore bed, passes through
The width of control hierarchy rock drilling platform, makes the smooth throwing of most of broken ore to the muck platform of lowermost layer, is trapped in rock drilling
The ore amount of platform is few, and overcoming hierarchical sequence exploitation from top to bottom needs secondary transhipment to be detained the shortcoming of ore-rock, greatly drops
The low production cost in mine；And it is synchronous to form the new rock drilling platform of multilayer after multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating, both ensured
The safety of industry is pretended in follow-up rock drilling operation, shovel, and the Rolling Stone that high gradient slope is brought and the potential safety hazard fallen are eliminated again.Experiment knot
Fruit shows that after the method exploitation for the strip pit exploitation that the present invention is provided, the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform reduces 90%
More than.
Brief description of the drawings
The method chats Division schematic diagram that Fig. 1 exploits for strip pit in the present invention；Wherein, I, II, III, IV is to draw
The ore bed divided；α is that ultimate pit slope angle, β are that platform slope angle, H are that maximum mining height, h are layering rock drilling podium level, and L is layering
Rock drilling berm width, B are last slope berm width；I 1, I 2, I 3 ..., IV 2, IV 3, IV 4 divided by stopping sequence
Nugget；
Fig. 2 is multi-segment steel for shot and line schematic diagram in the present invention；Wherein, 1 it is percussion rifle, 2 is that MS7 sections of milliseconds are led
Booster detonator, 3 be MS3 sections of Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonators, 4 be MS15 sections of Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonators.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method of strip pit exploitation, comprise the following steps：
(1) simple passage of going up a hill is built to mountain top；In mountain top advance stripping coating formation highest level workbench；
Quarry floor sets muck platform；
(2) ore deposit that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)
Layer；Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, forms the layering rock drilling of the step with same widths
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) each ore bed in the step (2) is divided into multiple ore deposits along the width for being layered rock drilling platform respectively
Block, the width of the nugget is identical with the width of the layering rock drilling platform, inclination angle and the ore bed where nugget of the nugget
Slope angle is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
The present invention builds simple passage of going up a hill to mountain top；It is flat in the formation highest level work of mountain top advance stripping coating
Platform；In quarry floor, muck platform is set.The present invention to the building of the simple passage of going up a hill, highest level workbench and
The operation of the arrangement of muck platform builds passage of going up a hill, highest without special restriction using well known to those skilled in the art
The technical scheme of the arrangement of horizontal operation platform and muck platform.
After the completion of highest level workbench is arranged with muck platform, the present invention is by the highest level workbench with filling
It is divided into the ore bed that height (h) is 10~20m, preferably 14~16m between rock platform；Each ore bed is relative to an adjacent upper ore bed
For lead relationship, the layering rock drilling platform of the step with same widths is formed；The width of the layering rock drilling platform for 4~
7m, preferably 5~6m.In the present invention, the width of the layering rock drilling platform, which crosses senior general, increases quick-fried slag hold-up, it is too small then not
Beneficial to safety in production.
The arrangement of layering rock drilling platform of the invention to each ore bed is without special restriction, using people in the art
The technical scheme of arrangement layering rock drilling platform is adjusted known to member.The present invention does not have to the slope angle of each ore bed
Special restriction, is adjusted according to massif shape and Resource security.In the present invention, the slope angle of each ore bed is excellent
Elect more than 45 °, more preferably 60 °~80 ° as.In an embodiment of the present invention, each ore bed has identical slope angle.Such as
Shown in Fig. 1, in the present invention, each ore bed preferably according to order number consecutively from top to bottom be I, II, III, IV, V,
Ⅵ……。
Obtain after layering rock drilling platform, the present invention draws each ore bed along the width for being layered rock drilling platform respectively
It is divided into multiple nuggets, the width of the nugget is identical with the width of the layering rock drilling platform, the inclination angle of the nugget and nugget
The slope angle of place ore bed is identical.In the present invention, the length of the nugget is identical preferably with the length of place ore bed.Such as Fig. 1
Shown, in the present invention, the nugget of each ore bed is preferably according to order number consecutively from outside to inside；Specifically, such as ore deposit
Nugget in layer I, I 1, I 2, I 3, I 4, I 5, I 6 ... are followed successively by according to order from outside to inside.
After the completion of ore bed is divided, the present invention carries out explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, makes ore avalanche extremely
Muck platform.In the present invention, the blasting sequence of the nugget is preferably I 1, II 1, III 1, IV 1, V 1, VI 1 ... while quick-fried
It is broken.In the present invention, explosion makes the ore avalanche by explosion nugget to muck platform while the outermost nugget, makes simultaneously
The layering rock drilling platform of the new step of the formation of ore deposits of non-explosion.
In the present invention, the explosion is preferably medium-length hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating.In the present invention, in each ore bed most
2~3 artillery salvo holes of the preferred arrangement of outside nugget.In the present invention, the inclination angle (θ) of the blasthole is preferably 65 °~80 °, more preferably
For 70 °~75 °.In the present invention, the diameter (Φ) of the blasthole is preferably 90~210mm, more preferably 110~190mm, most
Preferably 130~170mm.
The present invention does not have special restriction to the arrangement form of the blasthole, using arrangement well known to those skilled in the art
The technical scheme of blasthole.In the present invention, the blasthole is between row and row preferably triangularly arranged or is arranged in juxtaposition.
In the present invention, the minimum burden (W) of the explosion is preferably 25~45 times, more preferably 30~40 times of blasthole diameter.
In the present invention, the Holespacing (a) of the explosion is preferably 1.0~1.5 times of minimum burden, more preferably 1.1~1.3
Times.In the present invention, the blasthole array pitch (b) of the explosion is preferably 0.8~1.2 times of minimum burden, more preferably 0.9~
1.1 times, most preferably 1.0 times.
In the present invention, the stemming length (h of the blasthole0) it is preferably 16~32 times of blasthole diameter, more preferably 20
~28 times, most preferably 22~26 times.In the present invention, the outdrill length (h of the blasthole1) it is preferably minimum burden
0.15~0.35 times, more preferably 0.2~0.3 times.In the present invention, the drillable length (L) and seam height of the blasthole
(h), the inclination angle (θ) of blasthole and outdrill length (h1) relation be preferably L=h/sin θ+h1。
The present invention does not have special restriction to the quantity and hole charge of the blasthole, according to nugget volume, species with
And explosive species is adjusted.The present invention does not have special restriction to the explosive and device species of the explosion, using this
Blasting explosive and device known to art personnel.In the present invention, the explosive is preferably emulsion.At this
In invention, Nonel detonator is preferably equipped with the blasthole；The Nonel detonator be preferably MS14, MS15 or half second 4 sections lead
Booster detonator.In the present invention, it is preferably equipped with identical Nonel detonator in the blasthole in the same nugget.As shown in Fig. 2
In the present invention, preferably detonated between each blasthole in the same nugget with MS3 sections of Nonel detonator intervals or diagonal manner.
In the present invention, MS7 sections of Nonel detonators, MS5 sections of Nonel detonators or MS3 are preferably used between the outermost nugget of the different ore beds
Section Nonel detonator series connection.
After the completion of outermost nugget explosion, the ore that the present invention preferably produces the explosion is cleared up.In the present invention
In, the cleaning is preferably：The part ore for being layered rock drilling platform residual is thrown under adjacent according to top-down order
One layering rock drilling platform, is then shipped avalanche to the ore of muck platform.Operation of the present invention to the shipment does not have
Special restriction, using the technical scheme of loading for ore well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, the shipment
Ore shovel is preferably loaded into self-tipping type automobile with excavator, Crushing Station is then transported to.
After the completion of cleaning, the present invention repeats the explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
The present invention is preferably cleared up after every separate explosion, then carries out next separate explosion, until exploiting to mineral deposit last slope.At this
In invention, the mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is preferably no greater than 60 °.
The method for the strip pit exploitation that the present invention is provided is applied to all strip pits, and the preferably gradient is 45 °
Bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit above；The gradient is more preferably 60~80 °.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for the strip pit exploitation provided with reference to embodiment the present invention
It is described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Certain lime stone mining area belongs to low mountain region looks, and the highest absolute altitude of place massif is+303.0m, and lowest bid is a height of+
127.0m, relative relief 176.0m, the hillside gradient are general at 60~80 °, and landform is more steep, at mining area 8 to B flex points
Landform is relatively delayed, and ore deposit side has built excavator and gone up a hill path link up to massif+265m absolute altitudes, and traffic condition is preferable.
The mode of ore body progress multi-segment short-delay blasting is exploited between mine+265~+220m absolute altitudes, layer height 15m, always
It is divided into 3 layers.Each layering rock drilling platform divides width 6m by stopping sequence, and length is 21m some nuggets, and ecto-entad is followed successively by
1、2、3、4、5……；The direct avalanche of each layering ore shovels assembling platform to+220m, is filled through digger shovel, and Automobile Transportation is to broken
Stand.
Ore body is exploited by stepwise manner between+220~+135m absolute altitudes, shoulder height 15m, and extracted ore is directly by excavator
Shovel dress, Automobile Transportation to Crushing Station.
First, open pit boundary geometric parameter difference is as follows：
Earth's surface boundary：Most long 220m, most wide 170m；
Bottom of Stope：Most long 150m, most wide 90m；
Exploit end of a period highest step absolute altitude：+265m；
The minimum absolute altitude of excavating plant：+135m；
Exploit end of a period side slope highest absolute altitude：+280m；
Exploit end of a period slope height：145m；
Ultimate pit slope angle：No more than 53 °；
Layering/working bank height：15m；
Layering/working bank slope angle：70°.
Mine drilling operation is using 2 KQY90 down-the-hole drills that cut into a mountain (one standby), with 1 VF-10/7 type air compressor machine
(capacity 10.0m3/ min), 1 W-0.6/30 types air compressor machine (capacity 0.6m3/ min) (standby) supply to rock drilling equipment.
2nd, medium-length hole perforated blasting method and parameter
1st, penetrating parameter
Blasthole diameter：90mm；
Blasthole length：17m (ultra-deep 1m)；
Blasthole inclination angle：70°；
Pitch-row (a)：3.0m；
Minimum burden W：Empirically formula calculates W and takes 3.0m；
Steel for shot form：Triangularity is arranged or is arranged in juxtaposition between row and row；
Array pitch b=(1~1.5) × W=(1~1.5) × 3.0=3.0~4.5m, takes 3.0m.
In formula：W --- minimum burden；
2nd, blasting method and parameter
The method of ignition and order：Using many round elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiatings of multi-segment, explosive selects emulsion, the method for ignition
For millisecond detonating between Nonel detonator row.Often layering nugget arrange 2 artillery salvo holes, all built-in MS15 sections of Nonel detonators of blasthole,
Between same each artillery salvo hole of step with 3 it is intersegmental detonate every or with diagonal manner, connected between step with MS7 section.Ignited using percussion rifle
Detonator, detonator ignites Nonel detonator again, then by Nonel detonator ignition charge.In order to ensure explosion success, it is proposed that every
Individual blasthole fills the quick-fried Nonel detonator of two initiations, and requires that igniting primer is mounted in blasthole bottom.
Main explosive：Fire rifle, MS15 Nonel detonators (880 millisecond time-delay), MS7 sections of Nonel detonator (200 millis
Second delay), MS3 sections of Nonel detonators (50 millisecond time-delay), emulsions.
Explosive specific charge q：0.30~0.50kg/m is taken according to experience q3.Specific consumption is determined by the actual quick-fried situation of examination.
Stemming length：The purpose of blocking is to improve explosive energy utilization rate, improve demolition effect, with reference to similar mine
Experience, stemming length takes 4m, and plugging material is blocked from stemming.
Single hole charge Q
Q=qaHW=0.35 × 3.0 × 15 × 3=47.25 (kg)
In formula：Q --- powder factor, takes 0.35kg/m3
A --- pitch-row, takes 3m
H --- shoulder height, takes 15m
W --- minimum burden, takes 3m
Single blasthole rock yield
Single blasthole rock yield=pitch-row × array pitch × shoulder height=3 × 3 × 15=135m3
Per separate explosion ore deposit amount, the number of the boring hole and explosive payload
Design mine production rate is 130,000 t/a (body weight 2.6t/m3, i.e. 50,000 m3/ a), working system (works 250 every year
My god), the average every 30 days bench blastings in mine 1 time, each blasting mining amount：50000m3÷ (250 days ÷ 30 days)=6000m3。
The each explosion hole count in mine is：The single blasthole rock yield=6000m of each blasting mining amount ÷3135 ≈ of ÷ 45.
Each bench blasting explosive charge=per separate explosion ore deposit amount × explosive specific charge=2000 × 0.35kg/m3≈700kg
Each row of bench blasting 2 totally 15 blastholes, per the common 2100kg explosives of 3 steps of separate explosion.
3rd, shovel shipment is defeated
Ore deposit is fallen using multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating mode, the stopping sequence according to 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 ... is quick-fried first
Broken+265m ,+250m ,+235m first nugget, the shovel assembling platform of most of smooth throwing of ore to+220m are a small amount of to be detained
Rock drilling platform is layered in+250m ,+235m.Carry out clearing up stagnant from+250m layering rock drilling platforms using Volvo EC240 excavators
Shrink stone, about takes 1 machine-team；+ 250m layering rock drilling platforms clear ups that+235m layering rock drilling is entered back into after delay ore is flat
Platform is cleared up, and about takes 3 machine-teams.
Clear up after the delay ore on+250m ,+235m layering rock drilling platform, so that it may carried out on+220m shovel assembling platforms
The shipment operation of ore-rock.The fertile 290 type self-tipping type automobiles of person of outstanding talent turn the ore-rock shovel dress for shoveling assembling platform with Liu work ZL50C loading machines
It is transported to Crushing Station；And start to carry out second of perforation process on+265m ,+250m ,+235m second nugget；Whole blastholes
After the completion of Drilling, second of bursting work is begun to；Similarly, all nuggets will be exploited to last slope by the above process.
After mining method Hole-by-hole initiating in the present embodiment, most of ore-rock by direct throwing to assembling platform is shoveled, it is stagnant
The ore amount for staying in rock drilling platform reduces more than 90%, and overcoming hierarchical sequence exploitation from top to bottom needs secondary transhipment to be detained ore deposit
The shortcoming of rock, significantly reduces the production cost in mine.
Embodiment 2:
Certain mining area limestone ore body is system Maokouan Stage (P1q) medium bed shape limestone under dyas, is distributed in whole mining area, ore body
Earth's surface directly is exposed to, average long 205m, width about 140m, absolute altitude+312.3~+205.0m.Earth's surface natural grade is generally 35
It is~55 ° or so, local to be more than 55 °.The hard rank of ore category middle rank, limestone ore bed is distributed on the abrupt slope of mining area, direct exposure in
Earth's surface, suitable strip mining transformation.
First, open up
Build excavator sidewalk of going up a hill and reach+312.3m at the top of massif, the rock drilling work of tip-cutting shape into+310m absolute altitudes is initial
Platform, and in+295m ,+280m ,+250m ,+235m ,+220m absolute altitudes developing layering rock drilling platform.Opened at+265m ,+205m
Pick shovel assembling platform.
The mode of ore body progress multi-segment short-delay blasting is exploited between+265~+310m absolute altitudes, and layer height 15m is always divided into 3
Layer.Each layering rock drilling platform divides width 7m by stopping sequence, and length is 28m some nuggets；Each layering direct avalanche of ore
Assembling platform is shoveled to+265m, is filled through digger shovel, Automobile Transportation to Crushing Station.
Orebody mining exploits ore body between+265~+205m absolute altitudes again after completing between+265~+310m absolute altitudes.+ 265~+
Ore body is exploited by multi-segment short-delay blasting between 205m absolute altitudes, shoulder height 15m, and each layering rock drilling platform divides wide by stopping sequence
7m is spent, length is 28m some nuggets；The direct avalanche of each layering ore shovels assembling platform to+205m, is filled through digger shovel, automobile
Transport to Crushing Station.
Excavating plant slope parameter is：
Shoulder height：15m；
Bank slope：70°；
Safety platform width：3m；
Clean berm width：5m (sets a cleaning platform) per next but two security platform；
Minimum workbench width：30m；
Excavating plant ultimate pit slope angle：≤60°.
2nd, medium-length hole perforated blasting parameter
1st, perforated blasting parameter
1. bore diameter：90mm；QZ100K Lightweight down-hole drills.
2. dip angle of hole (α)：70°；
3. minimum burden (W)：Empirically formula calculates w and takes 3.0m；
4. pitch-row (a)：A=m × W=1.3 × 3.0=4.0m；
In formula：The spread ratio of m --- drilling, m=1.0~1.4 take 1.3；
5. array pitch (b)：B=(1~1.5) × W=(1~1.5) × 3.0=3.0~4.5m, takes 3.0m；
6. stemming length (h0)：h0=(0.8~1.2) W=(2.4~3.6) m；Take 3.5m；
7. outdrill length (h1)：h1=(0.15~0.35) W=(0.45~1.05) m；Take 0.8m；
8. drillable length (L)：L=H/sin α+h1=16.8m；
In formula：H --- shoulder height, 15m.
9. single blasthole rock yield (V)：V=abH=4 × 3 × 15=180m3。
2nd, blasting method and parameter
1) method of ignition and order：Using many round elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiatings of multi-segment, explosive selects emulsion, detonation side
Method is millisecond detonating between Nonel detonator row.Often layering nugget arranges 2 artillery salvo holes, all built-in MS15 sections of detonator thunders of blasthole
Pipe, between same each artillery salvo hole of step with 3 it is intersegmental detonated every or with diagonal manner, connected between step with MS5 sections.Drawn using percussion rifle
Quick-fried detonator, detonator ignites Nonel detonator again, then by Nonel detonator ignition charge.In order to ensure explosion is successful, each
Blasthole fills the quick-fried Nonel detonator of two initiations, and requires that igniting primer is mounted in blasthole bottom.
Main explosive：Fire rifle, MS15 Nonel detonators (880 millisecond time-delay), MS5 sections of Nonel detonator (110 millis
Second delay), MS3 sections of Nonel detonators (50 millisecond time-delay), emulsions.
2), data of explosive filled
1. explosive specific charge q：0.35kg/m is taken according to experience q3；
2. single hole charge Q：
Q=qaHW=0.35 × 4 × 15 × 3.0=63 (kg)
In formula：Q --- powder factor, takes 0.35kg/m3；A --- pitch-row, takes 4m；
H --- shoulder height, takes 15m；W --- minimum burden, takes 3.0m.
3. each blast charging amount
Each rendrock amount=be often layered explosion hole count × single hole explosive payload × every separate explosion hierarchy number=14 × 63kg
(3528) kg of × 3 (4)=2646.
3rd, shovel shipment is defeated
3 tall building work XG822LC types excavators are standby as main shovel installing, while configuring 1 type 2.5m of tall building work XG956 II3
Wheel loader is standby as auxiliary shovel installing.
When exploiting+265~+310m absolute altitudes, explosion+310m first ,+295m ,+280m first nugget, most of ore deposit
The smooth throwing of stone is trapped in+295m ,+280m layering rock drilling platform on a small quantity to+265m shovel assembling platform.Using tall building work XG822LC
Type excavator carries out cleaning from+295m layering rock drilling platforms and is detained ore, about takes 2 machine-teams；+ 295m is layered rock drilling platform
Clear up and+280m layering rock drilling platforms are entered back into after delay ore cleared up, about time-consuming 4 machine-teams.
Clear up after the delay ore on+295m ,+280m layering rock drilling platform, so that it may carried out on+265m shovel assembling platforms
The shovel shipment operation of ore-rock.By the type 2.5m of tall building work XG956 II3Wheel loader coordinates the fertile 290 type self-tipping type automobiles of person of outstanding talent to shovel dress
The ore-rock shovel dress of platform is transported to Crushing Station；And start to carry out on+310m ,+295m ,+280m second nugget second
Perforation process；After the completion of whole blasthole Drillings, second of bursting work is begun to；Similarly, all nuggets will be opened by the above process
Adopt to last slope.
Between+265~+310m absolute altitudes orebody mining complete after again in the same way exploitation+265~+205m absolute altitudes between
Ore body.In+265m ,+250m ,+235m ,+220m absolute altitudes developing layering rock drilling platform, the digging shovel assembling platform at+205m.
After mining method Hole-by-hole initiating in the present embodiment, most of ore-rock by direct throwing to assembling platform is shoveled, it is stagnant
The ore amount for staying in rock drilling platform reduces more than 90%, and overcoming separate zone production mode needs secondary transhipment to be detained lacking for ore-rock
Point, significantly reduces the production cost in mine.
It is micro- every time from above-described embodiment as can be seen that the method safety for the strip pit exploitation that the present invention is provided is reliable
After poor Hole-by-hole initiating, the new rock drilling platform of multilayer is synchronously formd, had both ensured that the safety of industry was pretended in follow-up rock drilling operation, shovel,
The Rolling Stone that high gradient slope is brought and the potential safety hazard fallen are eliminated again；2nd, blasting efficiency is high, and yield is big, onepull ore removal
Amount can meet 1 month even more prolonged output demand, both effectively reduce production cost, in turn ensure that the continuity of production
And order；Production cost is low, after multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating, and direct throwing to assembling platform is shoveled, is detained by most of ore-rock
Few in the ore amount of rock drilling platform, overcoming separate zone production mode needs secondary transhipment to be detained the shortcoming of ore-rock, greatly reduces
The production cost in mine.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not makees any formal limitation to the present invention.Should
Point out, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, if can also make
Dry improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of strip pit exploitation, comprises the following steps：
(1) simple passage of going up a hill is built to mountain top；In mountain top advance stripping coating formation highest level workbench；In quarrying
Field bottom sets muck platform；
(2) ore bed that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)；
Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, and the layering rock drilling for forming the step with same widths is put down
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) each ore bed in the step (2) is divided into multiple nuggets, institute along the width for being layered rock drilling platform respectively
The width for stating nugget is identical with the width of the layering rock drilling platform, the inclination angle of the nugget and the slope angle of ore bed where nugget
It is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (2) width of layering rock drilling platform for 5~
6m。
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the length of layering rock drilling platform is in the step (2)
20~30m.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the explosion in the step (4) for medium-length hole elementary errors hole-specifically
Explosion.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the outermost nugget cloth in the step (4) in each ore bed
Put 2~3 artillery salvo holes.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the inclination angle of the blasthole is 65 °~80 °.
7. the method according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that a diameter of 90~210mm of the blasthole.
8. method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the minimum burden of step (4) borehole blasting is blasthole
25~45 times of diameter.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the Holespacing of step (4) borehole blasting supports for minimum
1.0~1.5 times of anti-line.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is not more than in the step (5)
60°。
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| CN109141153A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-04 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of blasting construction method controlling rock slope regularity and stability |
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| CN112901172A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 尹怀镇 | Method for elutriating placer gold in sandy soil with frozen soil layer |
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| CN107989617A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-04 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | A kind of strip mining transformation method of gently inclined orebody |
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| CN110906817A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 徐州天露中矿矿业科技有限公司 | Strip mine composite thin layer material mining and stripping method and blasting charge robot |
| CN111236944A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-06-05 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Open-cast mining process suitable for multi-layer gentle-dip thin ore body |
| CN112177614A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-05 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-step multi-layer mining method for surface mine |
| CN112696998A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station |
| CN112901172A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-04 | 尹怀镇 | Method for elutriating placer gold in sandy soil with frozen soil layer |
| CN112901172B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2023-02-24 | 尹怀镇 | Method for elutriating placer gold in sandy soil with frozen soil layer |
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