CN107165636B - A kind of method of strip pit exploitation - Google Patents
A kind of method of strip pit exploitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107165636B CN107165636B CN201710598375.6A CN201710598375A CN107165636B CN 107165636 B CN107165636 B CN 107165636B CN 201710598375 A CN201710598375 A CN 201710598375A CN 107165636 B CN107165636 B CN 107165636B
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- ore
- platform
- rock drilling
- nugget
- blasthole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of strip pit exploitation.The present invention falls mine using multi-segment blasting method, make muck platform of most of broken ore by smooth throwing to lowermost layer, the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform is few, overcomes the shortcomings that separate zone production mode needs secondary transhipment to be detained ore-rock, significantly reduces the production cost in mine；And after explosion, synchronize to form the new layering rock drilling platform of multilayer, had not only ensured that the safety of industry was pretended in subsequent rock drilling operation, shovel, but also the security risk for eliminating high gradient slope bring Rolling Stone and falling.The experimental results showed that the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform reduces 90% or more after the method exploitation of strip pit exploitation provided by the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deposit mining technology field, in particular to a kind of method of strip pit exploitation.
Background technique
Currently, surface mining occupies very important status in extractive industry, according to statistics, mineral resources are outdoor in the world
Exploitation specific gravity has accounted for 2/3rds.The method of Modern Mechanical surface mining is mainly according to ore body occurrence status, topography and geomorphology item
The features such as the stowed location and quantity of part and overburden are distinguish.In strip pit exploitation, main production practice has
Step mining method and separate zone production mode.
Ore-rock is divided into several horizontal slices by certain thickness by benching, stepped layer-by-layer from top to bottom
Exploitation, and keep certain lead relationship；When benching, for the ore-rock of extraction is transported stope, while making Harvesting equipment
Level of operation is reached, highway of going up a hill need to be built；In recovery process, working bank is divided into several items with one fixed width
Band order mining；Horizontal with step promotes the stope for keeping its place horizontal constantly to expand, and pulling open for New step working face makes
Stope is able to deepening, and the horizontal of step promotes and new height pulls open the extension for constituting excavating plant and deepening, until arrival
Final mining area.This method is safe and reliable, and flexibility is big, and suitable means of transportation can be chosen by actual conditions, and mechanization degree is high,
Therefore its high production efficiency, but infrastructure project amount is big, and extractive equipment requires high, big, the massif gradient suitable for exploitation mining area range
Slow extensive surface mine.
Ore-rock is divided into several horizontal slices by certain thickness by separate zone production, divides nugget in each horizontal slice,
Without dividing step to promote when exploitation, the direct blast throwing of the nugget of highest level is to shoveling assembling platform, level of the subsequent explosion under it
It is layered nugget, and so on；It is each to be layered order mining from top to bottom, the lead relationship of a nugget is kept between layering, with
Level promotes while exploitation, and when being advanced into final mining area, bed rearrangement mining is finished.This method is cannot to use step
In the case that formula is exploited, it can guarantee the feasible mining method of exploitation safety, can save the build for Transportation Highway of going up a hill, one
As need to only build on excavator to the low-cost road of each layering rock drilling platform, save great amount of investment, but after explosion, part is detained
Secondary transhipment is needed in the ore of layering rock drilling platform, increases production cost.This method is suitble to exploitation massif precipitous, Wu Faxiu
Transport routes of going up a hill are built, the small open stone quarry filled can only be shoveled in lowermost layer.
When exploiting bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit (gradient is greater than 45 °), individually can all be encountered using any one of the above method
Some safety, technology or economic problems.According to benching bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit, then it is difficult to build safe fortune of going up a hill
Defeated highway, at the same each layering step be difficult to keep certain lead relationship and there are security risk, and bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit
General production scale is smaller, will increase capital construction cost using benching, and extend production time；According to separate zone production mode
Bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit is exploited, although saving the great amount of investment for building Transportation Highway of going up a hill while ensuring safe,
After every separate explosion, the ore for being partially trapped in rock drilling platform needs secondary transhipment, will substantially increase production cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of strip pit exploitation.Strip pit provided by the invention is opened
The method safety adopted is reliable, and blasting efficiency is high, and production cost is low.
The present invention provides a kind of methods of strip pit exploitation, comprising the following steps:
(1) channel to mountain top of simply going up a hill is built；Highest level workbench is formed in mountain top advance stripping coating；?
Muck platform is arranged in quarry floor；
(2) mine that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)
Layer；Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, forms the layering rock drilling with the step of same widths
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) width direction by each ore bed in the step (2) respectively along layering rock drilling platform is divided into multiple mines
Block, the width of the nugget of same size, ore bed where the inclination angle of the nugget and nugget with the layering rock drilling platform
Slope angle is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
Preferably, the width of layering rock drilling platform is 5~6m in the step (2).
Preferably, the length of layering rock drilling platform is 20~30m in the step (2).
Preferably, the explosion in the step (4) is medium-length hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating.
Preferably, the outermost nugget in the step (4) in each ore bed arranges 2~3 artillery salvo holes.
Preferably, the inclination angle of the blasthole is 65 °~80 °.
Preferably, the diameter of the blasthole is 90~210mm.
Preferably, the minimum burden of step (4) borehole blasting is 25~45 times of blasthole diameter.
Preferably, the Holespacing of step (4) borehole blasting is 1.0~1.5 times of minimum burden.
Preferably, mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is not more than 60 ° in the step (5).
The present invention provides a kind of methods of strip pit exploitation, comprising the following steps: builds and simply goes up a hill channel extremely
Mountain top；Highest level workbench is formed in mountain top advance stripping coating；In quarry floor, muck platform is set；By highest
It is divided into the ore bed that height is 10~20m between horizontal operation platform and muck platform；Each ore bed is relative to an adjacent upper ore bed
For lead relationship, the layering rock drilling platform with the step of same widths is formed；It is described layering rock drilling platform width be 4~
7m；Width direction by each ore bed respectively along layering rock drilling platform is divided into multiple nuggets, the width of the nugget with it is described
It is layered the of same size of rock drilling platform, the inclination angle of the nugget is identical as the slope angle of ore bed where nugget；To in each ore bed
Outermost nugget carries out explosion, makes ore avalanche to muck platform；Repeat the explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, exploitation
To mineral deposit last slope.The present invention falls mine using multi-segment blasting method, carries out explosion to the outermost nugget of each ore bed, passes through
The width of control hierarchy rock drilling platform makes the smooth throwing of most of broken ore be trapped in rock drilling to the muck platform of lowermost layer
The ore amount of platform is few, overcomes the shortcomings that hierarchical sequence exploitation from top to bottom needs secondary transhipment to be detained ore-rock, greatly drops
The low production cost in mine；And after multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating, synchronizes to form the new rock drilling platform of multilayer, both ensure
The security risk that subsequent rock drilling operation, shovel pretend the safety of industry, and eliminate high gradient slope bring Rolling Stone and fall.Experiment knot
After fruit shows the method exploitation of strip pit exploitation provided by the invention, the ore amount for being trapped in rock drilling platform reduces 90%
More than.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method chats Division schematic diagram of strip pit exploitation in the present invention；Wherein, I, II, III, IV is to draw
The ore bed divided；α is ultimate pit slope angle, β is platform slope angle, H is maximum mining height, h is layering rock drilling podium level, and L is layering
Rock drilling berm width, B are last slope berm width；I 1, I 2, I 3 ..., IV 2, IV 3, IV 4 be to be divided by stopping sequence
Nugget；
Fig. 2 is multi-segment steel for shot and line schematic diagram in the present invention；Wherein, 1 it is percussion rifle, 2 is that MS7 sections of milliseconds are led
Booster detonator, 3 be MS3 sections of Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonators, 4 be MS15 sections of Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonators.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of methods of strip pit exploitation, comprising the following steps:
(1) channel to mountain top of simply going up a hill is built；Highest level workbench is formed in mountain top advance stripping coating；?
Muck platform is arranged in quarry floor；
(2) mine that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)
Layer；Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, forms the layering rock drilling with the step of same widths
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) width direction by each ore bed in the step (2) respectively along layering rock drilling platform is divided into multiple mines
Block, the width of the nugget of same size, ore bed where the inclination angle of the nugget and nugget with the layering rock drilling platform
Slope angle is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
The present invention builds channel to mountain top of simply going up a hill；It is flat that highest level work is formed in mountain top advance stripping coating
Platform；In quarry floor, muck platform is set.The present invention to the building of channel of simply going up a hill, highest level workbench and
The not special restriction of the operation of the arrangement of muck platform, builds channel of going up a hill, highest using well known to those skilled in the art
The technical solution of the arrangement of horizontal operation platform and muck platform.
After the completion of highest level workbench and muck platform arrangement, the present invention is by the highest level workbench and fills
It is divided into the ore bed that height (h) is 10~20m, preferably 14~16m between rock platform；Each ore bed is relative to an adjacent upper ore bed
For lead relationship, the layering rock drilling platform with the step of same widths is formed；It is described layering rock drilling platform width be 4~
7m, preferably 5~6m.In the present invention, the width of the layering rock drilling platform crosses senior general and increases quick-fried slag hold-up, it is too small then not
Conducive to safety in production.
The present invention restriction not special to the arrangement of the layering rock drilling platform of each ore bed, using those skilled in the art
The technical solution of arrangement layering rock drilling platform known to member is adjusted.The present invention does not have the slope angle of each ore bed
Special restriction is adjusted according to massif shape and Resource security.In the present invention, the slope angle of each ore bed is excellent
It is selected as 45 ° or more, more preferably 60 °~80 °.In an embodiment of the present invention, each ore bed slope angle having the same.Such as
Shown in Fig. 1, in the present invention, each ore bed preferably according to sequence number consecutively from top to bottom be I, II, III, IV, V,
Ⅵ……。
After obtaining layering rock drilling platform, width direction of the present invention by each ore bed respectively along layering rock drilling platform is drawn
It is divided into multiple nuggets, of same size, the inclination angle of the nugget and the nugget of the width of the nugget and the layering rock drilling platform
The slope angle of place ore bed is identical.In the present invention, the length of the nugget is preferably identical as the length of place ore bed.Such as Fig. 1
Shown, in the present invention, the nugget of each ore bed is preferably according to sequence number consecutively from outside to inside；Specifically, such as mine
Nugget in layer I, is followed successively by I 1, I 2, I 3, I 4, I 5, I 6 ... according to sequence from outside to inside.
After the completion of ore bed divides, the present invention carries out explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, makes ore avalanche extremely
Muck platform.In the present invention, the blasting sequence of the nugget is preferably I 1, II 1, III 1, IV 1, V 1, VI 1 ... while quick-fried
It is broken.In the present invention, explosion makes the ore avalanche by explosion nugget simultaneously to muck platform while the outermost nugget
The layering rock drilling platform of the new step of the formation of ore deposits of non-explosion.
In the present invention, the explosion is preferably medium-length hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating.In the present invention, in each ore bed most
Outside nugget preferably arranges 2~3 artillery salvo holes.In the present invention, the inclination angle (θ) of the blasthole is preferably 65 °~80 °, more preferably
It is 70 °~75 °.In the present invention, the diameter (Φ) of the blasthole is preferably 90~210mm, more preferably 110~190mm, most
Preferably 130~170mm.
The present invention does not have special restriction to the arrangement form of the blasthole, using arrangement well known to those skilled in the art
The technical solution of blasthole.In the present invention, the blasthole is between row and row preferably triangularly arranged or is arranged in juxtaposition.
In the present invention, the minimum burden (W) of the explosion is preferably 25~45 times of blasthole diameter, and more preferably 30~40 times.
In the present invention, the Holespacing (a) of the explosion is preferably 1.0~1.5 times of minimum burden, and more preferably 1.1~1.3
Times.In the present invention, the blasthole array pitch (b) of the explosion is preferably 0.8~1.2 times of minimum burden, more preferably 0.9~
1.1 times, most preferably 1.0 times.
In the present invention, the stemming length (h of the blasthole0) it is preferably 16~32 times of blasthole diameter, more preferably 20
~28 times, most preferably 22~26 times.In the present invention, the outdrill length (h of the blasthole1) it is preferably minimum burden
0.15~0.35 times, more preferably 0.2~0.3 times.In the present invention, the drillable length (L) and seam height of the blasthole
(h), the inclination angle (θ) of blasthole and outdrill length (h1) relationship be preferably L=h/sin θ+h1。
The present invention does not have special restriction to the quantity and hole charge of the blasthole, according to nugget volume, type with
And explosive type is adjusted.The present invention does not have special restriction to the explosive and device type of the explosion, using this
Blasting explosive known to the technical staff of field and device.In the present invention, the explosive is preferably emulsion.At this
In invention, Nonel detonator is preferably equipped in the blasthole；The Nonel detonator be preferably MS14, MS15 or half second 4 sections lead
Booster detonator.In the present invention, identical Nonel detonator is preferably equipped in the blasthole in the same nugget.As shown in Fig. 2,
In the present invention, it is preferably detonated with MS3 sections of Nonel detonator intervals or diagonal manner between each blasthole in the same nugget.?
In the present invention, MS7 sections of Nonel detonators, MS5 sections of Nonel detonators or MS3 are preferably used between the outermost nugget of the difference ore bed
Section Nonel detonator series connection.
After the completion of outermost nugget explosion, the present invention preferably clears up the ore that the explosion generates.In the present invention
In, the cleaning is preferred are as follows: throws the layering remaining part ore of rock drilling platform under adjacent according to top-down sequence
One layering rock drilling platform, then ships the ore of avalanche to muck platform.The present invention does not have the operation of the shipment
Special restriction, using the technical solution of loading for ore well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, the shipment
Preferably ore is shoveled with excavator and is packed into self-tipping type automobile, is then transported to Crushing Station.
After the completion of cleaning, the present invention repeats the explosion to the outermost nugget in each ore bed, exploitation to mineral deposit last slope.
The present invention preferably clears up after every separate explosion, then carries out next separate explosion, until exploiting to mineral deposit last slope.At this
In invention, the mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is preferably no greater than 60 °.
The method of strip pit exploitation provided by the invention is suitable for all strip pits, and the preferably gradient is 45 °
Above bamboo shoots type isolated peak mineral deposit；The gradient is more preferably 60~80 °.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, method strip pit provided by the invention exploited below with reference to embodiment
It is described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Certain lime stone mining area belongs to low mountainous region looks, and the highest absolute altitude of place massif is+303.0m, and lowest bid is a height of+
127.0m, relative relief 176.0m, for the hillside gradient generally at 60~80 °, landform is more steep, is located at mining area 8 to B inflection point
Landform is relatively slow, and mine side has built excavator and gone up a hill the sensible massif+265m absolute altitude of road, and traffic condition is preferable.
The mode that ore body carries out multi-segment short-delay blasting between mine+265~+220m absolute altitude is exploited, layer height 15m, always
It is divided into 3 layers.Each layering rock drilling platform divides width 6m by stopping sequence, and length is several nuggets of 21m, and ecto-entad is followed successively by
1,2,3,4,5……；Each layering direct avalanche of ore shovels assembling platform to+220m, fills through digger shovel, and Automobile Transportation is to broken
It stands.
Ore body is exploited by stepwise manner between+220~+135m absolute altitude, and step height 15m, extracted ore is directly by excavator
Shovel dress, Automobile Transportation to Crushing Station.
One, open pit boundary geometric parameter difference is as follows:
Earth's surface boundary: longest 220m, most wide 170m；
Bottom of Stope: longest 150m, most wide 90m；
Exploit end of a period highest step absolute altitude :+265m；
The minimum absolute altitude of excavating plant :+135m；
Exploit end of a period side slope highest absolute altitude :+280m；
Exploit end of a period slope height: 145m；
Ultimate pit slope angle: it is not more than 53 °；
Layering/working bank height: 15m；
Layering/working bank slope angle: 70 °.
Mine drilling operation uses 2 KQY90 down-the-hole drills that cut into a mountain (one spare), matches 1 VF-10/7 type air compressor machine
(capacity 10.0m3/ min), 1 W-0.6/30 type air compressor machine (capacity 0.6m3/ min) (spare) to rock drilling equipment supply.
Two, medium-length hole perforated blasting method and parameter
1, penetrating parameter
Blasthole diameter: 90mm；
Blasthole length: 17m (ultra-deep 1m)；
Blasthole inclination angle: 70 °；
Pitch-row (a): 3.0m；
Minimum burden W: empirically formula calculates W and takes 3.0m；
Steel for shot form: it at triangular arrangement or is arranged in juxtaposition between row and row；
Array pitch b=(1~1.5) × W=(1~1.5) × 3.0=3.0~4.5m, takes 3.0m.
In formula: W --- minimum burden；
2, blasting method and parameter
The method of ignition and sequence: using the multiple rows of hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating of multi-segment, and explosive selects emulsion, the method for ignition
The millisecond detonating between Nonel detonator row.2 artillery salvo holes of every layering nugget arrangement, all built-in MS15 sections of Nonel detonators of blasthole,
It detonates between same each artillery salvo hole of step with 3 sections of intervals or with diagonal manner, with MS7 sections of series connection between step.It is ignited using percussion rifle
Detonator, detonator ignite Nonel detonator again, then by Nonel detonator ignition charge.In order to ensure explosion success, it is proposed that every
A blasthole fills the quick-fried Nonel detonator of two initiations, and requires igniting primer mounted in blasthole lower part.
Main explosive: percussion rifle, MS15 Nonel detonator (880 millisecond time-delay), MS7 sections of Nonel detonator (200 millis
Second delay), MS3 sections of Nonel detonators (50 millisecond time-delay), emulsions.
Explosive specific charge q: 0.30~0.50kg/m is taken according to experience q3.Specific dosage is fixed by the practical quick-fried situation of examination.
Stemming length: the purpose of blocking is to improve demolition effect, with reference to similar mine to improve explosive energy utilization rate
Experience, stemming length take 4m, and plugging material selects stemming blocking.
Single hole charge Q
Q=qaHW=0.35 × 3.0 × 15 × 3=47.25 (kg)
In formula: q --- powder factor takes 0.35kg/m3
A --- pitch-row takes 3m
H --- step height takes 15m
W --- minimum burden takes 3m
Single blasthole rock yield
Single blasthole rock yield=pitch-row × array pitch × step height=3 × 3 × 15=135m3
Every separate explosion mine amount, the number of the boring hole and explosive payload
Design mine production rate is 130,000 t/a (weight 2.6t/m3, i.e. 50,000 m3/ a), working system (works 250 every year
It), mine is every 30 days bench blastings 1 time average, each blasting mining amount: 50000m3÷ (250 days ÷ 30 days)=6000m3。
The each explosion hole count in mine are as follows: the single blasthole rock yield=6000m of each blasting mining amount ÷3135 ≈ of ÷ 45.
Each bench blasting explosive charge=every separate explosion mine amount × explosive specific charge=2000 × 0.35kg/m3≈700kg
Each 2 row of bench blasting totally 15 blastholes, the total 2100kg explosive of 3 steps of every separate explosion.
Three, shovel shipment is defeated
Mine is fallen using multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating mode, the stopping sequence according to 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 ... is quick-fried first
First nugget of broken+265m ,+250m ,+235m, the shovel assembling platform of most of smooth throwing of ore to+220m are a small amount of to be detained
Rock drilling platform is layered in+250m ,+235m.Using Volvo EC240 excavator from+250m layering rock drilling platform clear up it is stagnant
Shrink stone, about time-consuming 1 machine-team；+ 250m layering rock drilling platform clear up be detained ore after enter back into+235m layering rock drilling put down
Platform is cleared up, about time-consuming 3 machine-teams.
After having cleared up the delay ore on+250m ,+235m layering rock drilling platform, so that it may be carried out on+220m shovel assembling platform
The shipment operation of ore-rock.The fertile 290 type self-tipping type automobiles of person of outstanding talent turn the ore-rock shovel dress for shoveling assembling platform with Liu work ZL50C loading machine
It is transported to Crushing Station；And start+265m ,+250m ,+235m second nugget on carry out second of perforation process；Whole blastholes
After the completion of Drilling, second of bursting work is begun to；Similarly, all nuggets will be exploited by the above process to last slope.
After mining method Hole-by-hole initiating in the present embodiment, most of ore-rock by direct throwing to shoveling assembling platform, it is stagnant
The ore amount for staying in rock drilling platform reduces 90% or more, overcomes hierarchical sequence exploitation from top to bottom and secondary transhipment is needed to be detained mine
The shortcomings that rock, significantly reduces the production cost in mine.
Embodiment 2:
Certain mining area limestone ore body is Maokouan Stage (P1q) medium bed shape limestone of uniting under dyas, is distributed in entire mining area, ore body
It directly is exposed to earth's surface, average long 205m, width about 140m, absolute altitude+312.3~+205.0m.Earth's surface natural grade is generally 35
~55 ° or so, part is greater than 55 °.Ore belongs to the hard rank of middle rank, and limestone ore bed is distributed on the abrupt slope of mining area, direct exposure in
Earth's surface is suitable for strip mining transformation.
One, it opens up
It builds excavator sidewalk of going up a hill and reaches+312.3m at the top of massif, tip-cutting shape works initial at the rock drilling of+310m absolute altitude
Platform, and in+295m ,+280m ,+250m ,+235m ,+220m absolute altitude developing layering rock drilling platform.It is opened at+265m ,+205m
Pick shovel assembling platform.
The mode that ore body carries out multi-segment short-delay blasting between+265~+310m absolute altitude is exploited, and layer height 15m is always divided into 3
Layer.Each layering rock drilling platform divides width 7m by stopping sequence, and length is several nuggets of 28m；Each layering direct avalanche of ore
Assembling platform is shoveled to+265m, is filled through digger shovel, Automobile Transportation to Crushing Station.
Orebody mining exploits ore body between+265~+205m absolute altitude again between+265~+310m absolute altitude after completing.+ 265~+
Ore body is exploited by multi-segment short-delay blasting between 205m absolute altitude, step height 15m, and each layering rock drilling platform is divided wide by stopping sequence
7m is spent, length is several nuggets of 28m；Each layering direct avalanche of ore shovels assembling platform to+205m, fills through digger shovel, automobile
It transports to Crushing Station.
Excavating plant slope parameter are as follows:
Step height: 15m；
Bank slope: 70 °；
Safety platform width: 3m；
Clean berm width: 5m (every next but two security platform sets a cleaning platform)；
Minimum workbench width: 30m；
Excavating plant ultimate pit slope angle :≤60 °.
Two, medium-length hole perforated blasting parameter
1, perforated blasting parameter
1. bore diameter: 90mm；QZ100K Lightweight down-hole drill.
2. dip angle of hole (α): 70 °；
3. minimum burden (W): empirically formula calculates w and takes 3.0m；
4. pitch-row (a): a=m × W=1.3 × 3.0=4.0m；
In formula: m --- the spread ratio of drilling, m=1.0~1.4 take 1.3；
5. array pitch (b): b=(1~1.5) × W=(1~1.5) × 3.0=3.0~4.5m takes 3.0m；
6. stemming length (h0): h0=(0.8~1.2) W=(2.4~3.6) m；Take 3.5m；
7. outdrill length (h1): h1=(0.15~0.35) W=(0.45~1.05) m；Take 0.8m；
8. drillable length (L): L=H/sin α+h1=16.8m；
In formula: H --- step height, 15m.
9. single blasthole rock yield (V): V=abH=4 × 3 × 15=180m3。
2, blasting method and parameter
1) method of ignition and sequence: using the multiple rows of hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating of multi-segment, and explosive selects emulsion, detonation side
Method is millisecond detonating between Nonel detonator row.Every layering nugget arranges 2 artillery salvo holes, all built-in MS15 sections of detonator thunders of blasthole
It manages, detonates between same each artillery salvo hole of step with 3 sections of intervals or with diagonal manner, with MS5 sections of series connection between step.Drawn using percussion rifle
Quick-fried detonator, detonator ignite Nonel detonator again, then by Nonel detonator ignition charge.In order to ensure explosion success, each
Blasthole fills the quick-fried Nonel detonator of two initiations, and requires igniting primer mounted in blasthole lower part.
Main explosive: percussion rifle, MS15 Nonel detonator (880 millisecond time-delay), MS5 sections of Nonel detonator (110 millis
Second delay), MS3 sections of Nonel detonators (50 millisecond time-delay), emulsions.
2), data of explosive filled
1. explosive specific charge q: taking 0.35kg/m according to experience q3；
2. single hole charge Q:
Q=qaHW=0.35 × 4 × 15 × 3.0=63 (kg)
In formula: q --- powder factor takes 0.35kg/m3；A --- pitch-row takes 4m；
H --- step height takes 15m；W --- minimum burden takes 3.0m.
3. each blast charging amount
Each rendrock amount=every layering explosion hole count × single hole explosive payload × every separate explosion hierarchy number=14 × 63kg
× 3 (4)=2646 (3528) kg.
Three, shovel shipment is defeated
3 tall building work XG822LC type excavators are standby as main shovel installing, while configuring 1 II type 2.5m of tall building work XG9563
Wheel loader is standby as auxiliary shovel installing.
When exploiting+265~+310m absolute altitude, first nugget of explosion+310m first ,+295m ,+280m, most of mine
The smooth throwing of stone is trapped in+295m ,+280m layering rock drilling platform to the shovel assembling platform of+265m on a small quantity.Using tall building work XG822LC
Type excavator carries out cleaning from+295m layering rock drilling platform and is detained ore, about time-consuming 2 machine-teams；+ 295m is layered rock drilling platform
It has cleared up after being detained ore and has entered back into+280m layering rock drilling platform and cleared up, about time-consuming 4 machine-teams.
After having cleared up the delay ore on+295m ,+280m layering rock drilling platform, so that it may be carried out on+265m shovel assembling platform
The shovel of ore-rock ships operation.By II type 2.5m of tall building work XG9563The fertile 290 type self-tipping type automobiles of wheel loader cooperation person of outstanding talent fill shovel
The ore-rock shovel dress of platform is transported to Crushing Station；And start+310m ,+295m ,+280m second nugget on carry out second
Perforation process；After the completion of whole blasthole Drillings, second of bursting work is begun to；Similarly, all nuggets will be opened by the above process
It adopts to last slope.
Between+265~+310m absolute altitude orebody mining complete after again in the same way exploit+265~+205m absolute altitude between
Ore body.In+265m ,+250m ,+235m ,+220m absolute altitude developing layering rock drilling platform, the digging shovel assembling platform at+205m.
After mining method Hole-by-hole initiating in the present embodiment, most of ore-rock by direct throwing to shoveling assembling platform, it is stagnant
The ore amount for staying in rock drilling platform reduces 90% or more, overcomes separate zone production mode and secondary transhipment is needed to be detained lacking for ore-rock
Point significantly reduces the production cost in mine.
It is micro- every time from above-described embodiment as can be seen that the method safety of strip pit provided by the invention exploitation is reliable
It after poor Hole-by-hole initiating, synchronizes and forms the new rock drilling platform of multilayer, both ensured that the safety of industry was pretended in subsequent rock drilling operation, shovel,
The security risk for eliminating high gradient slope bring Rolling Stone again and falling；2, blasting efficiency is high, and yield is big, onepull ore removal
Amount is able to satisfy 1 month even more prolonged output demand, both effectively reduces production cost, also ensures the continuity of production
And order；Production cost is low, and after multi-segment elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating, direct throwing to assembling platform is shoveled, is detained by most of ore-rock
It is few in the ore amount of rock drilling platform, the shortcomings that separate zone production mode needs secondary transhipment to be detained ore-rock is overcome, is greatly reduced
The production cost in mine.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention in any form.It should
It points out, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, if can also make
Dry improvements and modifications, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of strip pit exploitation, comprising the following steps:
(1) channel to mountain top of simply going up a hill is built；Highest level workbench is formed in mountain top advance stripping coating；It is quarrying
Muck platform is arranged in field bottom；
(2) ore bed that height is 10~20m will be divided between the highest level workbench and muck platform in the step (1)；
Each ore bed is lead relationship relative to an adjacent upper ore bed, and the layering rock drilling for forming the step with same widths is flat
Platform；The width of the layering rock drilling platform is 4~7m；
(3) width direction by each ore bed in the step (2) respectively along layering rock drilling platform is divided into multiple nuggets, institute
State the width of nugget and of same size, the slope angle of ore bed where the inclination angle of the nugget and nugget of the layering rock drilling platform
It is identical；
(4) explosion is carried out simultaneously to the outermost nugget in each ore bed in the step (3), makes ore avalanche to muck platform；
(5) repeating said steps (4), exploitation to mineral deposit last slope；
Explosion in the step (4) is medium-length hole elementary errors Hole-by-hole initiating；
Outermost nugget in the step (4) in each ore bed arranges 2~3 artillery salvo holes, and the blasthole is provided with Nonel detonator；
The Nonel detonator is MS14, MS15 or half second 4 sections of Nonel detonator；Blasthole in same nugget is provided with MS14, MS15
Or half second 4 sections of Nonel detonator；It is detonated between each blasthole in same nugget with MS3 sections of Nonel detonator intervals or diagonal manner；
With MS7 sections of Nonel detonators, MS5 sections of Nonel detonators or MS3 sections of Nonel detonator series connection between the outermost nugget of different ore beds.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) in layering rock drilling platform width be 5~
6m。
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the length of layering rock drilling platform is in the step (2)
20~30m.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the blasthole is 65 °~80 °.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the blasthole is 90~210mm.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the minimum burden of the step (4) borehole blasting is blasthole
25~45 times of diameter.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the Holespacing of the step (4) borehole blasting supports for minimum
1.0~1.5 times of anti-line.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein mineral deposit ultimate pit slope angle is not more than in the step (5)
60°。
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| CN107989617B (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-03-05 | 昆明冶金高等专科学校 | A kind of strip mining transformation method of gently inclined orebody |
| CN109141153A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-04 | 河南工业大学 | A kind of blasting construction method controlling rock slope regularity and stability |
| CN110175415B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2023-03-24 | 中铝国际工程股份有限公司 | Method for determining surface boundary of strip mine |
| CN110906817A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-24 | 徐州天露中矿矿业科技有限公司 | Strip mine composite thin layer material mining and stripping method and blasting charge robot |
| CN111236944A (en) * | 2020-02-12 | 2020-06-05 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Open-cast mining process suitable for multi-layer gentle-dip thin ore body |
| CN112177614B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-06-16 | 马钢集团设计研究院有限责任公司 | High-step multi-layer mining method for surface mine |
| CN112696998A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Controlled blasting forming method for foundation pit of open-pit mine crushing station |
| CN112901172B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2023-02-24 | 尹怀镇 | Method for elutriating placer gold in sandy soil with frozen soil layer |
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