CN107151922A - 一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺 - Google Patents

一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺 Download PDF

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CN107151922A
CN107151922A CN201710380857.4A CN201710380857A CN107151922A CN 107151922 A CN107151922 A CN 107151922A CN 201710380857 A CN201710380857 A CN 201710380857A CN 107151922 A CN107151922 A CN 107151922A
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黄德米
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Abstract

一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，主要包括以下步骤：烧毛前处理‑丝光‑染色‑定型‑预缩‑带色涂层‑磨毛‑洗水‑烘干；其中，涂层剂为一种单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液，由交联剂EH，聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN，聚乙二醇，聚丙二醇与甲苯二异氰酸酯在50℃共混，共混液中‑NCO和‑OH的摩尔比为2‑4:1，聚丙二醇的质量分数为40%，共混时间为2h。这种涂层剂能够提升日晒牢度、耐洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度，并具有一定的防水透湿性能。并且使用带有各种花形图案模板进行磨毛处理，使布料的花形效果多样，涂案凹凸感明显，具有强烈的丝绒感，拥有纯自然洗褪效果。

Description

一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种面料及其加工工艺，具体涉及一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，属于纺织印染技术领域。
背景技术
开发功能性纺织品是21世纪纺织领域重要的研究方向之一，涂层整理是研制功能纺织品的重要手段。织物经过涂层不仅可以改变其外观、手感等，还可以使织物具有特殊的功能。纺织品涂层整理是在织物表面均匀地涂一层（或多层）高分子化合物，通过粘合作用在织物表面形成一层或多层薄膜的整理加工技术。所用的成膜高聚物称为涂层剂，所用的织物称为基布。作为基布的织物起着骨架的作用，对涂层织物的物理机械性能及尺寸稳定起着主要作用。
因为涂层织物不仅具有织物原有的功能，更增加了覆盖层的功能，为功能纺织品的生产提供了更多的机会，所以近年来涂层织物的用量大大增加，同时其应用领域也非常广泛，从传送带、轻便的房屋顶棚、帐篷、降落伞、防弹衣、医用纺织品到服装等都可用涂层织物来制造。
目前市场上常见单组份水性PU涂层剂，多用小分子交联剂交联高分子量的聚氨酯，或者直接制备高分子量的单组份PU，但是这些工艺普遍存在以下问题，合成高分子量的PU在聚合反应的后期，反应体系的粘度高，搅拌与传热困难，容易产生凝胶，生产操作与控制困难，且高粘度的PU较难乳化。制备外交联型的单组份聚氨酯水性乳液时，还必须考虑交联剂与PU和水相容性的问题。在本发明中使用交联剂EH以及聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN和PU预聚体常温下共混，生成稳定的高分子羧酸盐形式的水性单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液，该涂层剂经过涂布烘干和焙烘后，羧酸盐受热脱水为酰胺，得到PU涂层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，本发明通过使用交联剂EH以及聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN和PU预聚体常温下共混，生成稳定的高分子羧酸盐形式的水性单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液，该涂层剂经过涂布烘干和焙烘后，羧酸盐受热脱水为酰胺，得到PU涂层。同时使用带有各种花形图案模板进行磨毛处理，使布料的花形效果多样，涂案凹凸感明显，具有强烈的丝绒感，拥有纯自然洗褪效果。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供以下加工工艺，包括：
烧毛前处理-丝光-染色-定型-预缩-带色涂层-磨毛-洗水-烘干；
其中，涂层剂为一种单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液，由交联剂EH，聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN，聚乙二醇，聚丙二醇与甲苯二异氰酸酯在50℃共混，共混液中-NCO和-OH的摩尔比为2-4:1，聚丙二醇的质量分数为40%，共混时间为2h。
优选地，所述聚乙二醇，聚丙二醇的分子量为1000，且共混前需要真空脱水。
优选地，所述丝光温度为15－25℃。
优选地，所述染色温度为60℃，pH为7，时间为3h。
优选地，所述烘干温度为100℃，时间为5min。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.与聚乙二醇相比，聚丙三醇的亲水性较差，添加部分的聚丙三醇有利于改善涂层的耐水性。同时聚丙三醇分子链较聚乙二醇高，少量的聚丙三醇可以提高涂层膜的强度，降低涂层的亲水性，有利于释放已经渗透入涂层的水分子。
2.控制-NCO和-OH的比例，预聚体分子量低时端基浓度高，涂层的交联度越高，涂层布的耐水压值也会增加。同时结合使用两种交联剂，协同作用的提高使得经过涂层后的布料日晒牢度、耐洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度均有所提升。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例详细说明本发明，但本发明并不局限于具体实施例。
实施例1：
1)烧毛前处理：烧去布面上的绒毛，使布面光洁美观，并防止在染色、印花时因绒毛存在而产生染色不匀及印花疵病。织物烧毛是将织物平幅快速通过高温火焰，或擦过赤热的金属表面，这时布面上存在的绒毛很快升温，并发生燃烧，而布身比较紧密，升温较慢，在未升到着火点时，即已离开了火焰或赤热的金属表面，从而达到烧去绒毛，又不操作织物的目的。
2) 丝光：丝光是指棉织物在25℃下，用浓度为20%的烧碱溶液浸泡30秒，以改善织物性能的加工过程。棉织物经过丝光后，由于纤维膨化，纤维纵向天然扭转消失，横截面成椭圆形，对光的反向更有规律，因而增进了光泽。纤维无形定区的增加，使染色时染料的上染率增加。取向度的提高，使织物强力增加，同时还有定形作用。随后采用冲吸去碱，使得pH值在7-8之间。
3）染色:控制染色温度为60℃，pH为7，时间为3h。
4）涂层剂的制备：由交联剂EH，聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN、真空脱水后分子量为1000的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇与甲苯二异氰酸酯在50℃共混，控制共混液中-NCO和-OH的摩尔比为2:1，聚丙二醇的质量分数为40%，共混时间为2h。
后整理:用一种单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液涂布定型预缩后的布料，使用带有各种花形图案模板进行磨毛处理，使布料的花形效果多样，涂案凹凸感明显，具有强烈的丝绒感，拥有纯自然洗褪效果。洗水后在100℃烘干，时间为5min。
测试方法：
1）日晒牢度：将试样和8个蓝色标样按规定条件一起曝晒相当时间后，与蓝色标样作比较，评定试样的日晒牢度级别。
2）耐洗牢度，分为褪色和沾色两种，分别用规定的灰色标样，分5级进行评定,逐级的色差成几何级距。试验时，将试样和白布叠缝在一起，在规定条件下进行洗涤，洗后晾干。将试样与白布分开，褪色牢度根据试样洗涤前后的色差，用灰色褪色样卡对比评定。
3）耐摩擦牢度：将试样按规定条件用干态和湿态的白布分别对试样进行摩擦，然后将白布上的沾色程度与灰色沾色样卡分别比较评定。对干态白布摩擦所得的结果为干摩擦牢度；对湿态白布摩擦所得的结果为湿摩擦牢度。其他染色牢度可按照规定条件进行试验，将试验结果与灰色褪色样卡或灰色沾色样卡对比评定级数。
对比例1和对比例2中所用涂层的交联剂分别只是交联剂EH和聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN，通过以上测试比较可知，当两种交联剂结合使用后，日晒牢度、耐洗牢度和耐摩擦牢度均有所提升，并使得涂层剂具有一定的防水透湿性能。经过磨毛的过程后实施例1不仅能够既很好的保持原来的色彩，同时还能使布料的花形效果多样，涂案凹凸感明显，具有强烈的丝绒感，拥有纯自然洗褪效果。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，此实施例为最优实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (5)

1.一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
烧毛前处理-丝光-染色-定型-预缩-带色涂层-磨毛-洗水-烘干；
其中，涂层剂为一种单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂乳液，由交联剂EH，聚丙烯腈水解物HPAN，聚乙二醇，聚丙二醇与甲苯二异氰酸酯在50℃共混，共混液中-NCO和-OH的摩尔比为2-4:1，聚丙二醇的质量分数为40%，共混时间为2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，其特征在于，所述聚乙二醇，聚丙二醇的分子量为1000，且共混前需要真空脱水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，其特征在于，所述丝光温度为15－25℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，其特征在于，所述染色温度为60℃，pH为7，时间为3h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水透湿型纯棉布的磨花工艺，其特征在于，所述烘干温度为100℃，时间为5min。
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109778551A (zh) * 2019-01-11 2019-05-21 丹东优耐特纺织品有限公司 一种耐久防水、防油、防污、防水透湿面料加工处理方法
CN112708982A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-04-27 东莞德永佳纺织制衣有限公司 一种提升普梳棉纱质量的加工方法

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Application publication date: 20170912