CN107106575B - 作为fxr/tgr5激动剂的胆汁酸衍生物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
作为fxr/tgr5激动剂的胆汁酸衍生物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N semicarbazide Chemical compound NNC(N)=O DUIOPKIIICUYRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003890 succinate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl bromide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Br RKSOPLXZQNSWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CRDAMVZIKSXKFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Farnesol Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO CRDAMVZIKSXKFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical class CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了被氨基取代的胆汁酸衍生物化合物,包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及使用这些化合物来防止或治疗FXR介导的或TGR5介导的疾病或病状的方法。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或化合物组合,或其药学上可接受的盐形式、立体异构体、溶剂化物、水合物或其组合,连同药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及可用作FXR/TGR5调节剂的化合物和药物组合物。具体地,本发明涉及胆汁酸衍生物和它们的制备和使用方法。
发明背景
类法尼醇X受体(Farnesoid X Receptor,FXR)为最初从大鼠肝cDNA文库鉴定与昆虫蜕皮激素受体最紧密相关的孤儿核受体(BM.Forman等,Cell,1995,81(5),687-693)。FXR为配体活化转录因子的核受体家族成员,该核受体家族包括用于类固醇、类视色素、以及甲状腺激素的受体(DJ.Mangelsdorf等,Cell,1995,83(6),841-850)。FXR的相关生理学配体为胆汁酸类(D.Parks等,Science,1999,284(5418),1362-1365)。最有效的一个为鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA),其调节参与胆汁酸动态平衡的数个基因的表达。法尼醇和衍生物(合在一起称为类法尼醇)最初被描述为在高浓度时活化大鼠直系同源物,但是它们不活化人或小鼠受体。FXR在肝脏中表达,遍布整个胃肠道,包括食道、胃、十二指肠、小肠、结肠、卵巢、肾上腺和肾。除了控制细胞内基因表达之外,FXR看起来还通过上调细胞因子成纤维细胞生长因子的表达而参与了旁分泌和内分泌信号转导(J.Holt等,Genes Dev.,2003,17(13),1581-1591;T.Inagaki等,Cell Metab.,2005,2(4),217-225)。
起FXR调节剂作用的小分子化合物在以下出版物中已有公开:WO 2000/037077、WO2003/015771、WO 2004/048349、WO 2007/076260、WO 2007/092751、WO 2007/140174、WO2007/140183、WO 2008/051942、WO 2008/157270、WO 2009/005998、WO 2009/012125、WO2008/025539、WO 2008/025540、WO 2011/020615、以及WO 2013/007387。
其它的小分子FXR调节剂最近已有综述(R.C.Buijsman等Curr.Med.Chem.2005,12,1017-1075)。
TGR5受体为G蛋白偶联受体,其已被鉴定为应答胆汁酸类(BAs)的细胞表面受体。TGR5的一级结构及其应答胆汁酸类已被发现在人、牛、兔、大鼠和小鼠之间的TGR5中是高度保守的,由此提示TGR5具有重要的生理学功能。已发现TGR5不仅在淋巴组织、还在其它组织中广泛分布。已在胎盘、脾和单核细胞/巨噬细胞中检测到高浓度的TGR5mRNA。胆汁酸类已显示出诱导TGR5融合蛋白从细胞膜到细胞质的内化(Kawamata等,J.Bio.Chem.,2003,278,9435)。已发现TGR5与Takeda等,FEBS Lett.2002,520,97-101报道的hGPCR19相同。
TGR5还与cAMP的细胞内积聚相关,其在各种细胞类型中广泛表达。这种膜受体在巨噬细胞中的活化降低促炎细胞因子生成,(Kawamata,Y.等,J.Biol.Chem.2003,278,9435-9440),而在脂肪细胞和单核细胞中BA对TGR5的刺激则增强能量消耗(Watanabe,M.等Nature.2006,439,484-489)。该后一作用涉及对2型碘甲状腺原氨酸脱碘酶(D2)的cAMP依赖性诱导,该酶通过局部地将T4转化为T3而导致增加的甲状腺激素活性。与TGR5在控制能量代谢中的角色一致,雌性TGR5敲除小鼠当以高脂肪饮食挑战时显示了随体重增加显著的脂肪积累,表明TGR5缺乏降低能量消耗并引起肥胖(Maruyama,T.,等,J.Endocrinol.2006,191,197-205)。另外,并且与TGR5参与能量动态平衡一致,膜受体的胆汁酸活化也有报道促进鼠科肠内分泌细胞系中胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)的产生(Katsuma,S.,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.,2005,329,386-390)。基于全部上述观察结果,TGR5为治疗诸如肥胖、糖尿病和代谢综合征的疾病的引人注目的靶标。
除了使用TGR5激动剂治疗和防止代谢性疾病之外,调节TGR5调节剂的化合物也可用于治疗其它疾病,例如中枢神经疾病以及炎性疾病(WO 01/77325和WO 02/84286)。TGR5调节剂也提供了调节胆汁酸和胆固醇动态平衡、脂肪酸吸收、以及蛋白质和碳水化合物消化的方法。
有需要开发FXR和/或TGR5调节剂用于治疗和防止疾病。本发明已鉴定了调节FXR和/或TGR的含有氨基、脲、磺酰脲(sulfonyurea)或磺酰胺部分的化合物,以及它们使用这些化合物治疗疾病的方法。
发明概述
在一个方面,本发明提供了由式I表示的化合物,或者药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、溶剂化物、水合物或其组合:
其中:
Ra为氢或被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;优选地,Ra为氢或甲基;更优选地,Ra为氢;
Rb选自由以下组成的组:
1)氢;
2)–C(O)NR10R11;
3)–C(O)NHSO2R1;以及
4)–SO2R1;
R1选自由以下组成的组:
1)卤素;
2)羟基;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;
6)被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基;
7)被取代的或未被取代的芳基;
8)被取代的或未被取代的芳烷基;
9)被取代的或未被取代的杂环烷基;
10)被取代的或未被取代的杂芳基;
11)被取代的或未被取代的杂芳烷基;以及
12)–NR10R11;
R2选自由以下组成的组:
1)氢;
2)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的芳烷基;以及
6)被取代的或未被取代的芳基;
优选R2为氢或甲基。
m选自0、1、2和3,优选m为0、1或2。
R3为氢、羟基、-OSO3H、-OSO3 -、-OAc、-OPO3H2或–OPO3 2-,优选R3为氢或羟基。
R4为氢、卤素、CN、N3、羟基、-OSO3H、-OSO3 -、-OAc、-OPO3H2、–OPO3 2-、-SR2或–NHR2,其中,R2如前文所定义;优选R4为氢。
或者R3和R4与它们所连接的碳原子合起来形成–CH=CH-或环烷基环或杂环烷基环,例如但不限于环丙基、或环氧化物。
R5和R6独立地选自氢或羟基保护性基团,例如但不限于乙酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、或苄基;优选R5和R6为氢。
R7选自由以下组成的组:
1)氢;
2)卤素;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;以及
6)被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基;
优选R7为C1-C4-烷基,更优选R7为乙基;
R10和R11各自独立地选自氢、被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基、被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基、被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基、被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基、被取代的或未被取代的杂环烷基,或者R10和R11与它们所连接的氮原子合起来形成杂环;优选地,R11为氢。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的本发明的化合物或化合物组合,药学上可接受的盐形式、立体异构体、溶剂化物、水合物或其组合,连同药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了防止或治疗FXR介导的疾病或病状的方法。该方法包括以治疗有效量的本发明化合物给药。本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于制备用于防止或治疗FXR介导的疾病或病状的药物的用途。
在又一实施方案中,本发明提供了防止或治疗TGR5介导的疾病或病状的方法。该方法包括以治疗有效量的本发明化合物给药。本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于制备用于防止或治疗TGR5介导的疾病或病状的药物的用途。
在某些实施方案中,涉及TGR5受体调节的疾病选自代谢疾病、炎性疾病、肝脏疾病、自身免疫疾病、心脏疾病、肾脏疾病、癌症、以及胃肠疾病。
发明详述
本发明的第一实施方案为上文描述的由式I表示的化合物,或者其药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、酯或其前药。在式I的优选化合物中,R2、R3、R4、R5、和R6各自为氢并且R7为乙基。
在另一实施方案中,本发明提供了式I’的化合物,
或者其药学上可接受的盐或前药,其中:
Ra为氢;
Rb选自由以下组成的组
1)氢;
2)–C(O)NR10R11;
3)–C(O)NHSO2R1;以及
4)–SO2R1;
R1选自由以下组成的组:
1)卤素;
2)羟基;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;
6)被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基;
7)被取代的或未被取代的芳基;
8)被取代的或未被取代的烷基芳基;
9)被取代的或未被取代的杂环烷基;
10)被取代的或未被取代的杂芳基;
11)被取代的或未被取代的烷基杂芳基;以及
12)–NR10R11;
R2选自由以下组成的组:
1)氢;
2)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的烷基芳基;以及
6)被取代的或未被取代的芳基;
优选R2为氢或甲基;
m选自0、1、2和3,优选m为0、1或2。
R3为氢、羟基、-OSO3H、-OSO3 -、-OAc、-OPO3H2或–OPO3 2-,优选R3为氢或羟基。
R4为氢、卤素、CN、N3、羟基、-OSO3H、-OSO3 -、-OAc、-OPO3H2、–OPO3 2-、-SR2或–NHR2,其中,R2如前文所定义;优选R4为氢。
或者R3和R4与它们所连接的碳原子合起来形成–CH=CH-或环烷基环或杂环烷基环,例如但不限于环丙基、或环氧化物。
R5和R6独立地选自氢和羟基保护性基团,例如但不限于乙酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、或苄基;优选R5和R6为氢。
R7选自由以下组成的组:
1)氢;
2)卤素;
3)被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基;
4)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基;
5)被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基;以及
6)被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基;
优选R7为C1-C4-烷基,更优选R7为乙基;
R10和R11各自独立地选自氢、被取代的或未被取代的-C1-C8烷基、被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8烯基、被取代的或未被取代的-C2-C8炔基、被取代的或未被取代的-C3-C8环烷基,或者R10和R11与它们所连接的氮原子合起来形成杂环;优选R11为氢。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物具有式IA中示出的立体构型:
其中m、Ra、Rb、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、以及R7具有在式I或I’中对这些变量给出的含义。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式II表示的化合物或者药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、酯或其前药:
其中Ra、Rb、R2、R3、R4、R7和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式III表示的化合物或者药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化物、酯或其前药:
其中Ra、Rb、R2、R3、R7和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
式(III)的示例性结构可由式(III-1~III-54)表示,但不限于这些,其中R1、R7、R10和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义:
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式IV-A、IV-B、IV-C、或IV-D表示的化合物或者其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、酯或其前药,
其中R1和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
在本发明化合物的某些实施方案中,R1为C1-C4-烷基、卤化的C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-烯基、苯基-C1-C4-烷基、被取代的或未被取代的C3-C6-环烷基、C1-C6-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基、5-或6-元杂环烷基、氨基、被取代的或未被取代的苯基或卤素。
在本发明化合物的某些实施方案中,R1为乙基、丁基、叔丁基、丙基、苄基、乙烯基、烯丙基、CF3、NH2、或氟代;或者R1为甲基、异丙基或苯基。在本发明化合物的某些实施方案中,R1为二甲基氨基或对叔丁基苯基。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,R1选自下表中示出的基团:
在本发明化合物的某些实施方案中,R11为氢,且R10为氢、C1-C4-烷基、卤化的C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-烯基、苯基-C1-C4-烷基、被取代的或未被取代的C3-C6-环烷基、C1-C6-环烷基-C1-C4-烷基、5-或6-元杂环烷基、被取代的或未被取代的苯基。
在本发明化合物的某些实施方案中,R11为氢,且R10为氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基、丙基、苄基、乙烯基、烯丙基、CF3、
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式IV-A的以下化合物(表1中的化合物1至75),其中为表1中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表1
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式IV-B的以下化合物(表2中的化合物76至150),其中为表2中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表2
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式V-A和V-B表示的化合物或者药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、酯或其前药。
其中R1和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式V-A的以下化合物(表3中的化合物151至225),其中为表3中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表3
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式V-B的以下化合物(表4中的化合物226至300),其中为表4中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表4
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式VI-A或VI-B表示的化合物或者药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、酯或其前药:
其中R10和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式VI-A的以下化合物(表5中的化合物301至375),其中为表5中的每个化合物指出了R10和m。
表5
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式VI-B的以下化合物(表6中的化合物376至450),其中为表6中的每个化合物指出了R10和m。
表6
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式IV-C的以下化合物(表7中的化合物451至525),其中为表7中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表7
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式IV-D的以下化合物(表8中的化合物526至600),其中为表8中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表8
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了由式VII-A或VII-B表示的化合物或者药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、酯或其前药:
其中R1和m如之前在式I或I’中所定义。
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式VII-A的以下化合物(表9中的化合物601至675),其中为表9中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
表9
本发明的代表性化合物包括但不限于按照式VII-A的以下化合物(表10中的化合物676至750),其中为表10中的每个化合物指出了R1和m。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了防止或治疗FXR介导的疾病或病状的方法。该方法包括以治疗有效量的本发明化合物给药。本发明还提供本发明的化合物用于制备用于防止或治疗FXR介导的疾病或病状的药物的用途。
在某些实施方案中,该FXR介导的疾病或病状为心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、动脉硬化、高胆固醇血症、或高脂血症慢性肝病、胃肠疾病、肾脏疾病、代谢疾病、癌症(即结直肠癌)、或者神经适应症如中风。
在某些实施方案中,该慢性肝病为原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、脑腱黄瘤病(CTX)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、药物导致的胆汁淤积、妊娠肝内胆汁淤积、胃肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积(PNAC)、细菌过度生长或败血症相关胆汁淤积、自身免疫性肝炎、慢性病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝移植相关移植物抗宿主病、活体供体肝移植再生、先天性肝纤维化、胆总管结石、肉芽肿性肝病、肝内或肝外恶性肿瘤、干燥综合征(Sjogren’s syndrome)、结节病(Sarcoidosis)、威尔逊病(Wilson’s disease)、高雪氏病(Gaucher’s disease)、血色素沉着症、或α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症。在某些实施方案中,该胃肠疾病为炎性肠病(IBD)(包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎)、肠易激综合征(IBS)、细菌过度生长、吸收不良、放射后结肠炎、或微观结肠炎。
在某些实施方案中,该肾脏疾病为糖尿病肾病、局灶性节段性肾小球硬化症(FSGS)、高血压肾硬化症、慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性移植性肾小球病、慢性间质性肾炎、或多囊肾病。
在某些实施方案中,该心血管疾病为动脉粥样硬化、动脉硬化、血脂异常、高胆固醇血症、或高甘油三酯血症。
在某些实施方案中,该代谢疾病为胰岛素抵抗、I型和II型糖尿病、或肥胖症。
在又一实施方案中,本发明提供了本发明的化合物或药物组合物在制备用于治疗或防止个体中涉及调节TGR5受体的疾病的药物中的用途。本发明包括通过以本发明的化合物或药物组合物给药来在个体中治疗或防止涉及调节TGR5受体的疾病的方法。
在某些实施方案中,涉及TGR5受体调节的疾病选自代谢疾病、炎性疾病、肝脏疾病、自身免疫疾病、心脏疾病、肾脏疾病、癌症、以及胃肠疾病。
在一个方面,本发明提供了应用,其中该疾病为选自过敏、骨关节炎、阑尾炎、支气管哮喘、胰腺炎、过敏性皮疹、以及牛皮癣的炎性疾病。本发明包括治疗或防止选自过敏、骨关节炎、阑尾炎、支气管哮喘、胰腺炎、过敏性皮疹、以及牛皮癣的炎性疾病的方法。
在一个方面,本发明提供了应用,其中该疾病为选自类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、以及I型糖尿病的自身免疫性疾病。本发明包括治疗或防止选自类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、以及I型糖尿病的自身免疫性疾病的方法。
在一个方面,本发明提供了应用,其中该疾病为选自炎性肠病(克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎)、短肠综合征(辐射后结肠炎)、微观结肠炎、肠易激综合征(吸收不良)、以及细菌过度生长的胃肠疾病。本发明包括治疗或防止选自炎性肠病(克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎)、短肠综合征(辐射后结肠炎)、微观结肠炎、肠易激综合征(吸收不良)、以及细菌过度生长的胃肠疾病的方法。
在一个方面,本发明提供了应用,其中该疾病为选自糖尿病肾病、慢性肾衰竭、高血压肾硬化症、慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性移植性肾小球病、慢性间质性肾炎、以及多囊肾病的肾脏疾病。本发明包括治疗或防止选自糖尿病肾病、慢性肾衰竭、高血压肾硬化症、慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性移植性肾小球病、慢性间质性肾炎、以及多囊肾病的肾脏疾病的方法。
在一个方面,本发明提供了应用,其中该疾病为选自结直肠癌、肝癌、肝细胞癌、胆管癌、肾癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、以及胰岛瘤的癌症。本发明包括治疗或防止选自结直肠癌、肝癌、肝细胞癌、胆管癌、肾癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、以及胰岛瘤的癌症的方法。
在一个方面,所述化合物相对于TGR5激活剂为选择性FXR激动剂。
在一个方面,所述化合物相对于FXR激活剂为选择性TGR5激动剂。
在一个方面,所述化合物相对于FXR和TGR5二者为双重激动剂。
本发明的又一其它方面为采用本文描述的任意合成手段来制备本文描述的任意化合物的方法。
定义
以下列出的为用于描述本发明的各个术语的定义。这些定义适用于遍及本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的术语,除非在特定情况下单独地或作为较大组的一部分而另有限制。
用在本文时,术语“烷基”指饱和的单价直链或支链碳氢基团。优选烷基基团包括C1-C6烷基和C1-C8烷基基团。C1-C6烷基基团的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、正己基基团;C1-C8烷基基团的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、正己基、庚基和辛基基团。
用在本文时,术语“烯基”表示通过除去单个氢原子从碳氢部分衍生的单价基团,其中该碳氢部分具有至少一个碳-碳双键。优选烯基基团包括C2-C6烯基和C2-C8烯基基团。烯基基团包括但不限于例如,乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯-1-基、庚烯基、辛烯基等等。
用在本文时,术语“炔基”表示通过除去单个氢原子从碳氢部分衍生的单价基团,其中该碳氢部分具有至少一个碳-碳三键。优选炔基基团包括C2-C6炔基和C2-C8炔基基团。代表性炔基基团包括但不限于例如,乙炔基、1-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、庚炔基、辛炔基、等等。
术语“碳环”指含有0个杂原子环原子的饱和的(例如,“环烷基”)、部分饱和的(例如,“环烯基”或“环炔基”)或完全不饱和的(例如,“芳基”)环系统。“环原子”或“环成员”为结合一起形成一个或多个环的原子。当碳环基团在所描绘的化学结构中为连接两个其它元素(如式IA中的Z)的二价部分时,该碳环基团可以通过任何两个可取代的环原子连接到该两个其它元素。C4-C6碳环具有4至6个环原子。
用在本文时,术语“环烷基”指通过除去单个氢原子而从单环或多环饱和碳环化合物衍生的单价基团。优选环烷基基团包括C3-C8环烷基和C3-C12环烷基基团。C3-C8-环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环戊基和环辛基;C3-C12-环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、双环[2.2.1]庚基、以及双环[2.2.2]辛基。
用在本文时,术语“环烯基”表示通过除去单个氢原子而从具有至少一个碳-碳双键的单环或多环碳环化合物衍生的单价基团。优选环烯基基团包括C3-C8环烯基和C3-C12环烯基基团。C3-C8-环烯基的实例包括但不限于环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基等;C3-C12-环烯基的实例包括但不限于环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基等。
用在本文时,术语“芳基”指具有一个或两个芳香环的单环或双环碳环系统,包括但不限于苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、茚满基、茚基等。
用在本文时,术语“芳基烷基”指连接至芳基环的C1-C3烷基或C1-C6烷基残基。实例包括但不限于苄基、苯乙基等。
用在本文时,术语“杂芳基”指具有5至10个环原子(其中至少一个环原子选自S、O和N)的单环、双环、或三环芳香基团或环;其中包含在环中的任何N或S可以任选地被氧化。优选杂芳基基团为单环或双环的。杂芳基基团包括但不限于吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、噁二唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹喔啉基等。
用在本文时,术语“杂芳基烷基”指连接至杂芳基环的C1-C3烷基或C1-C6烷基残基。实例包括但不限于吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基乙基等。
用在本文时,术语“被取代的”指以取代基独立替换其上的1个、2个、或3个或更多个氢原子,所述取代基包括但不限于氘、-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OH、被保护的羟基、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、N3、被保护的氨基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、氧代、-卤代-C1-C12-烷基、-卤代-C2-C12-烯基、-卤代-C2-C12-炔基、-卤代-C3-C12-环烷基、-NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NH-芳基、-NH-杂芳基、-NH-杂环烷基、-二烷基氨基、-二芳基氨基、-二杂芳基氨基、-O-C1-C12-烷基、-O-C2-C12-烯基、-O-C2-C12-炔基、-O-C3-C12-环烷基、-O-芳基、-O-杂芳基、-O-杂环烷基、-C(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-C(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-C(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-C(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-C(O)-杂芳基、-C(O)-杂环烷基、-CONH2、-CONH-C1-C12-烷基、-CONH-C2-C12-烯基、-CONH-C2-C12-炔基、-CONH-C3-C12-环烷基、-CONH-芳基、-CONH-杂芳基、-CONH-杂环烷基、-OCO2-C1-C12-烷基、-OCO2-C2-C12-烯基、-OCO2-C2-C12-炔基、-OCO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-OCO2-芳基、-OCO2-杂芳基、-OCO2-杂环烷基、-OCONH2、-OCONH-C1-C12-烷基、-OCONH-C2-C12-烯基、-OCONH-C2-C12-炔基、-OCONH-C3-C12-环烷基、-OCONH-芳基、-OCONH-杂芳基、-OCONH-杂环烷基、-NHC(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(O)-芳基、-NHC(O)-杂芳基、-NHC(O)-杂环烷基、-NHCO2-C1-C12-烷基、-NHCO2-C2-C12-烯基、-NHCO2-C2-C12-炔基、-NHCO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHCO2-芳基、-NHCO2-杂芳基、-NHCO2-杂环烷基、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(O)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(O)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(O)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(O)NH-芳基、-NHC(O)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(O)NH-杂环烷基、NHC(S)NH2、-NHC(S)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(S)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(S)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(S)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(S)NH-芳基、-NHC(S)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(S)NH-杂环烷基、-NHC(NH)NH2、-NHC(NH)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(NH)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(NH)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(NH)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(NH)NH-芳基、-NHC(NH)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(NH)NH-杂环烷基、-NHC(NH)-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(NH)-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(NH)-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(NH)-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(NH)-芳基、-NHC(NH)-杂芳基、-NHC(NH)-杂环烷基、-C(NH)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-C(NH)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-C(NH)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-C(NH)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-C(NH)NH-芳基、-C(NH)NH-杂芳基、-C(NH)NH-杂环烷基、-S(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-S(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-S(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-S(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-S(O)-芳基、-S(O)-杂芳基、-S(O)-杂环烷基-SO2NH2、-SO2NH-C1-C12-烷基、-SO2NH-C2-C12-烯基、-SO2NH-C2-C12-炔基、-SO2NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-SO2NH-芳基、-SO2NH-杂芳基、-SO2NH-杂环烷基、-NHSO2-C1-C12-烷基、-NHSO2-C2-C12-烯基、-NHSO2-C2-C12-炔基、-NHSO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHSO2-芳基、-NHSO2-杂芳基、-NHSO2-杂环烷基、-CH2NH2、-CH2SO2CH3、-芳基、-芳基烷基、-杂芳基、-杂芳基烷基、-杂环烷基、-C3-C12-环烷基、多烷氧基烷基、多烷氧基、-甲氧基甲氧基、-甲氧基乙氧基、-SH、-S-C1-C12-烷基、-S-C2-C12-烯基、-S-C2-C12-炔基、-S-C3-C12-环烷基、-S-芳基、-S-杂芳基、-S-杂环烷基、甲硫基甲基、或者–L’–R’、其中L’为C1-C6亚烷基、C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基、R’为芳基、杂芳基、杂环、C3-C12环烷基或C3-C12环烯基。应理解,芳基、杂芳基、烷基等可被进一步取代。在一些情况下,在被取代部分的每个取代基额外任选地被一个或多个基团取代,每个基团独立地选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OH、-NO2、-CN、或-NH2。
根据本发明,本文描述的任何芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基和被取代的杂芳基可为任何芳族基团。芳族基团可为被取代的或未被取代的。
应当理解,本文描述的任何烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基和环烯基部分还可为脂族基团、脂环基团或杂环基团。“脂族基团”为可以含有碳原子、氢原子、卤素原子、氧、氮、或其它原子的任何组合的非芳族部分,并且任选地含有一个或多个单位的不饱和例如双键和/或三键。脂族基团可以为直链的、支链的或环状的,优选含有约1至约24个碳原子,更典型地为约1至约12个碳原子。除了脂族碳氢基团之外,脂族基团包括例如多烷氧基烷基,例如聚乙二醇、聚胺,以及聚亚胺。这些脂族基团还可以进一步被取代。应当理解,脂族基团可以用于替换本文描述的烷基、烯基、炔基、亚烷基、亚烯基、以及亚炔基。
用在本文时,术语“脂环烃”指通过除去单个氢原子而从单环或多环饱和碳环化合物衍生的单价基团。实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、双环[2.2.1]庚基、以及双环[2.2.2]辛基。这些脂环烃基团还可以进一步被取代。
术语“杂环烷基”和“杂环烃”可互换使用,指非芳香性3-、4-、5-、6-或7元环或双环或三环基团稠合系统,其中:(i)每个环含有独立地选自氧、硫和氮的1至3个杂原子,(ii)每个5元环具有0至1个双键并且每个6元环具有0至2个双键,(iii)氮和硫杂原子可以任选地被氧化,(iv)氮杂原子可以任选地被季铵化,(v)任何上述环可以稠合至苯环,以及(vi)剩余的环原子为碳原子,它们可以任选地被氧取代。代表性的杂环烷基基团包括但不限于[1,3]二氧戊环、吡咯烷基,吡唑啉基,吡唑烷基,咪唑啉基,咪唑烷基,哌啶基,哌嗪基,噁唑烷基,异噁唑烷基,吗啉基,噻唑烷基,异噻唑烷基,喹喔啉基,哒嗪酮基和四氢呋喃基。这些杂环基团可以进一步被取代以产生被取代的杂环烃。
在本发明的各个实施方案中,显而易见的是,被取代的或未被取代的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、以及杂环烷基旨在为单价或二价的。因此,亚烷基,亚烯基、和亚炔基、亚环烷基、亚环烯基、亚环炔基、芳基亚烷基、杂芳基亚烷基和亚杂环烷基基团应包括在上述定义中,并且适用于以适当的价态提供本文的结构式。
用在本文时,术语“羟基活化基团”指不稳定的化学部分,在本领域中已知其活化羟基基团,使得在其诸如取代或消除反应的合成过程中离去。羟基活化基团的实例包括但不限于甲磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、对硝基苯甲酸盐、膦酸盐等。
用在本文时,术语“活化的羟基”指被如上所定义的羟基活化基团(例如,包括甲磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、对硝基苯甲酸盐、膦酸盐)活化的羟基基团。
用在本文时,术语“被保护的羟基”指被如上所定义的羟基保护基团(包括苯甲酰基、乙酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、以及甲氧基甲基基团)保护的羟基基团。
用在本文时,术语“羟基保护基团”指不稳定的化学部分,在本领域中已知其在合成过程中保护羟基基团免于不希望的反应。在所述合成过程后,如上文所描述的羟基保护基团可以被选择性地去除。本领域中已知的羟基保护基团在T.H.Greene和P.G.,S.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley&Sons,New York(1999)中有大体上的描述。羟基保护基团的实例包括苄氧基羰基、4-硝基苄氧基羰基、4-溴苄氧基羰基、4-甲氧基苄氧羰基、甲氧基羰基、叔丁氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、二苯基甲氧基羰基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基羰基、2-呋喃氧基羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、乙酰基、甲酰基、氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、甲氧基乙酰基、苯氧基乙酰基、苯甲酰基、甲基、叔丁基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、烯丙基、苄基、对甲氧基苄基二苯基甲基、三苯基甲基(三苯甲基)、四氢呋喃基、甲氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、苄氧基甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基甲基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基、甲磺酰基、对甲苯磺酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三异丙基硅基等。优选用于本发明的羟基保护基团为乙酰基(Ac或-C(O)CH3)、苯甲酰基(Bz或-C(O)C6H5)、以及三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS或-Si(CH3)3)。
用在本文时,术语“卤代”和“卤素”指选自氟、氯、溴和碘的原子。
本文描述的化合物含有一个或多个不对称中心,因此产生对映异构体、非对映异构体、以及其它立体异构体形式,它们可以按照绝对立体化学来定义,如(R)-或(S)-,或者如用于氨基酸的(D)-或(L)-。本发明旨在包括所有这些可能的异构体,以及它们的外消旋和光学纯形式。光学异构体可以通过上述过程、或者通过拆分外消旋混合物从它们各自的光学活性前体制备。该差分可在拆分剂存在下通过色谱或者通过重复结晶或通过这些技术的某种结合来进行,这些对本领域技术人员是已知的。关于拆分的其它细节可在Jacques等,Enantiomers,Racemates,and Resolutions(John Wiley&Sons,1981)中找到。当本文描述的化合物含有烯属双键或其它几何不对称中心时,除非另有指明,所述化合物旨在包括E和Z几何异构体。同样地,所有的互变异构体也应包括在内。本文中出现的任何碳-碳双键的构型是仅出于方便而选择的,并非意在指定特定构型,除非上下文是这样说明的;因此本文随意描绘为反式的碳-碳双键可以为顺式、反式、或者两者以任意比例的混合物。
用在本文时术语“受试者”指哺乳动物。因此受试者例如指狗、猫、马、牛、猪、豚鼠等。优选受试者为人。当受试者为人时,该受试者在本文可以指患者。
用在本文时,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指通过本发明的方法形成的化合物的那些盐,其在合理的医学判断的范围内,适合用于与人类和低等动物的组织接触,没有不适当的毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,并且与合理的利益/风险比相称。药学上可接受的盐在本领域是公知的。
Berge等在J.Pharmaceutical Sciences,66:1-19(1977).中详细描述了药学上可接受的盐。所述盐可以在本发明化合物最后的分离和纯化期间就地(in situ)制备,或者通过让游离碱官能团与适当的有机酸反应分开制备。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于无毒酸加成盐,例如与无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和高氯酸或与有机酸如乙酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸,或者通过使用本领域中采用的其它方法如离子交换形成的氨基的盐。其它药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐等。代表性的碱金属或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等。其它药学上可接受的盐包括在适当时使用抗衡离子如卤化物、氢氧化物、羧酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、具有1至6个碳原子的烷基、磺酸盐和芳基磺酸盐形成的无毒的铵、季铵和胺阳离子。
药学上可接受的盐还可通过以适当的碱让母体化合物去质子化来制备,从而形成母体化合物的阴离子共轭碱。在这些盐中抗衡离子为阳离子。适当的阳离子包括铵和金属阳离子,例如碱金属阳离子,包括Li+、Na+、K+和Cs+,以及碱土金属阳离子,例如Mg2+和Ca2+。
用在本文时,术语“氨基保护基团”指不稳定的化学部分,在本领域中已知其在合成过程中保护氨基基团免于不希望的反应。在所述合成过程后,如上文所描述的氨基保护基团可以被选择性地去除。本领域中已知的氨基保护基团在T.H.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley&Sons,New York(1999)中有大体上的描述。氨基保护基团的实例包括但不限于叔丁氧基羰基、9-芴甲氧羰基、苄氧羰基等。
用在本文时,术语“药学上可接受的酯”指通过本发明的方法形成的化合物的酯,其在体内水解,并且包括在人体内容易分解以便离开母体化合物或其盐的那些酯。适合的酯基团包括例如衍生自药学上可接受的脂族羧酸,特别是烷酸、烯酸、环烷酸和烷基二酸的那些,其中每个烷基或烯基部分有利地具有不超过6个碳原子。具体酯的实例包括但不限于甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯、丙烯酸酯和乙基琥珀酸酯。
用在本文时,术语“药学上可接受的前药”指通过本发明的方法形成的化合物的那些前药,其在合理的医学判断的范围内,适合用于与人类和低等动物的组织接触,没有不适当的毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,与合理的利益/风险比相称,以及对于它们的预期用途有效,并且还指本发明化合物的两性离子形式,如果可能的话。用在本文时,“前药”指这样的化合物,其可在体内通过代谢手段(例如,通过水解)转化以提供本发明的结构式表示的任何化合物。各种形式的前药在本领域中是已知的,例如,如在Bundgaard,(编辑),Design ofProdrugs,Elsevier(1985);Widder等(编辑),Methods in Enzymology,第4卷,AcademicPress(1985);Krogsgaard-Larsen等,(编辑)."Design and Application of Prodrugs,Textbook of Drug Design and Development,第5章,113-191(1991);Bundgaard等,Journal of Drug Deliver Reviews,8:1-38(1992);Bundgaard,J.of PharmaceuticalSciences,77:285et seq.(1988);Higuchi和Stella(编辑)Prodrugs as Novel DrugDelivery Systems,American Chemical Society(1975);以及Bernard Testa&JoachimMayer,“Hydrolysis In Drug And Prodrug Metabolism:Chemistry,Biochemistry AndEnzymology,”John Wiley and Sons,Ltd.(2002)中所讨论的。
用在本文时,术语“治疗”意味着缓解、减轻、减少、消除、调节或改善,即导致疾病状态或病状消退。治疗还可包括抑制,即阻止现有疾病状态或病状的发展、缓解或改善,即引起现有疾病状态或病状的消退,例如当疾病状态或病状可能已经存在时。
用在本文时,术语“防止”指完全或几乎完全停止疾病状态或病状发生在患者或受试者中,特别是当患者或受试者易于患有或有风险获得这种疾病状态或病状。
另外,本发明的化合物,例如所述化合物的盐,可以以水合的或非水合的(无水的)形式存在,或者作为与其它溶剂分子的溶剂化物存在。水合物的非限制性实例包括一水合物、二水合物等。溶剂化物的非限制性实例包括乙醇溶剂化物、丙酮溶剂化物等。
“溶剂化物”指含有化学计量的或非化学计量量的溶剂的溶剂加成形式。一些化合物倾向于在结晶固态中捕获固定摩尔比的溶剂分子,从而形成溶剂化物。如果该溶剂为水,则所形成的溶剂化物为水合物,当该溶剂为醇时,所形成的溶剂化物为醇化物。通过一个或多个分子的水与底物之一的组合形成水合物,其中水保持其作为H2O的分子状态,这种组合能够形成一种或多种水合物。
用在本文时,术语“类似物”是指在结构上类似于另一种但在组成上略有不同的化学化合物(如用不同元素的原子替换一个原子或在特定官能团存在下,或由另一官能团替代一个官能团)。因此,类似物为这样的化合物,其在功能和外观上与参照化合物类似或者有可比性。
用在本文时,术语“非质子溶剂”指对质子活性为相对惰性的,即不作为质子供体。实例包括但不限于碳氢化合物,例如己烷和甲苯,卤代碳氢化合物,例如二氯甲烷、氯乙烯、氯仿等,杂环化合物,例如四氢呋喃和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,以及醚类,例如二甲醚、双甲氧基甲基醚。这些溶剂对本领域技术人员是公知的,对于特定化合物和反应条件,各种溶剂或其混合物可以是优选的,这取决于诸如溶剂溶解性、试剂反应性以及优选的温度范围等的因素。对非质子溶剂的其它讨论可以在有机化学教科书或者在专门的专著中找到,例如:Organic Solvents Physical Properties and Methods of Purification,第四版,JohnA.Riddick等编辑,第二卷,于Techniques of Chemistry Series,John Wiley&Sons,NY,1986中。
用在本文时,术语“给质子有机溶剂”或“质子溶剂”指倾向于提供质子的溶剂,例如醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、叔丁醇等。这些溶剂对本领域技术人员是公知的,对于特定化合物和反应条件,各种溶剂或其混合物可以是优选的,这取决于诸如溶剂溶解性、试剂反应性以及优选的温度范围等的因素。对给质子溶剂的其它讨论可以在有机化学教科书或者在专门的专著中找到,例如:Organic Solvents Physical Properties and Methods of Purification,第四版,John A.Riddick等编辑,第二卷,于Techniques of Chemistry Series,John Wiley&Sons,NY,1986中。
本发明预想的取代基和变量的组合仅为导致形成稳定化合物的那些。用在本文时,术语“稳定”指这样的化合物,其具有足以允许生产的稳定性,并且其在足够的时间期间保持完整性以致可用于本文详述的目的(例如,向受试者治疗性或预防性给药)。
所合成的化合物可从反应混合物分离,并进一步通过诸如柱色谱、高压液相色谱、或重结晶的方法纯化。另外,各个合成步骤可以按替代性顺序或次序进行,以得到所希望的化合物。此外,本文描述的溶剂、温度、反应条件等仅是出于阐述目的,反应条件的改动可产生期望的本发明的桥接大环产物。可用于合成本文描述的化合物的合成化学转化和保护基团方法(保护和脱保护)例如包括如以下文献中所描述的那些:R.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH出版社(1989);T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第2版,John Wiley和Sons(1991);L.Fieser和M.Fieser,Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley和Sons(1994);以及L.Paquette编,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley andSons(1995)。
本发明的化合物可以通过本文描述的合成手段附加各种官能团进行修饰,来增强选择性生物学性能。这些修饰包括增加进入给定的生物系统(例如,血液、淋巴系统、中枢神经系统)的生物渗透性、增加口服生物利用度、增加溶解度以允许通过注射给药、改变代谢以及改变排泄速率的那些。
药物组合物
本发明的药物组合物包括与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体一起配制的治疗有效量的本发明化合物。用在本文时,术语“药学上可接受的载体”指任何类型的无毒、惰性固体、半固体或液体填充剂、稀释剂、包封材料或制剂助剂。可用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例为糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和乙酸纤维素;粉状黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;赋形剂,如可可脂和栓剂蜡;油类,如花生油、棉籽油;红花油;芝麻油;橄榄油;玉米油和大豆油;二醇类;如丙二醇;酯类,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;海藻酸;无热原水;等渗盐水;林格氏(Ringer)溶液;乙醇,磷酸盐缓冲溶液,以及其它无毒相容的润滑剂如月桂基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁,以及着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂,防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可根据制剂师的判断而存在于组合物中。本发明的药物组合物可口服、直肠、胃肠外、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜内、局部(如通过粉剂、软膏剂或滴剂)、口腔或作为口服或鼻喷雾剂而向人或其它动物给药。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过口服、胃肠外、通过吸入喷雾、局部地、直肠、鼻腔、口腔、阴道或经由植入的储库给药,优选通过口服给药或通过注射来给药。本发明的药物组合物可以含有任何常规的药学上可接受的载体、辅药或介质。在一些情况下,制剂的pH可以用药学上可接受的酸、碱或缓冲剂来调节,以便增强所配制的化合物或其递送形式的稳定性。用在本文的术语胃肠外包括皮下、皮内、静脉内、肌内、关节内、动脉内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、病灶内和颅内注射或输注技术。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除了活性化合物之外,液体剂型还可以含有本领域通常使用的惰性稀释剂,例如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油类(特别是棉籽、花生、玉米、胚芽、橄榄、蓖麻和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和山梨聚糖的脂肪酸酯,及其混合物。除了惰性稀释剂之外,口服组合物还可以包括辅药,例如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、调味剂和芳香剂。
可以根据已知技术使用合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制可注射制备物,例如无菌可注射水性或油性混悬剂。无菌可注射制备物还可以为无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液、混悬剂或乳剂,例如作为1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。在可以采用的可接受的介质和溶剂中有水、林格氏溶液、U.S.P.以及等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,传统上将无菌不挥发油类用作溶剂或混悬媒介。为此目的,可采用任何温和的不挥发油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。此外,将诸如油酸的脂肪酸用在可注射剂的制备中。
可注射制剂可例如通过细菌保留过滤器过滤灭菌,或通过将在使用前可溶解或分散在无菌水或其他无菌可注射媒介中的无菌固体组合物形式的灭菌剂掺入来灭菌。
为了延长药物的效果,通常希望减慢来自皮下或肌内注射的药物的吸收。这可以通过使用具有差水溶性的晶体或无定形材料的液体混悬剂来实现。于是,药物的吸收速率取决于其溶解速率,这又可以取决于晶体尺寸和晶型。作为选择,对胃肠外给药的药物形式的延缓的吸收通过将药物溶解或混悬在油介质中来实现。可注射储库(depot)形式是通过在诸如聚交酯-聚乙交酯的可生物降解聚合物中形成药物的微胶囊矩阵来制备。取决于药物与聚合物的比例和所采用的特定聚合物,可控制药物释放的速率。可生物降解聚合物的实例包括聚原酸酯和聚酸酐。储库可注射制剂也可通过将药物捕集在与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳剂中来制备。
用于直肠或阴道给药的组合物优选栓剂,其可通过将本发明的混合物与适合的非刺激性赋形剂或载体(例如椰子油、聚乙二醇)混合来制备,这些赋形剂或载体在环境温度下为固体但在体温下为液体,因此在直肠或阴道腔中熔化并释放活性化合物。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、小丸、粉剂、以及颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,让活性化合物与以下物质混合:至少一种惰性的、药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,和/或:a)填充剂或膨胀剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、以及硅酸,b)粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯树胶;c)保湿剂,如甘油,d)崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐、和碳酸钠,e)溶液阻滞剂,如石蜡,f)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物,g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯,h)吸收剂,如高岭土和膨润土,以及i)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠,及其混合物。对于胶囊剂、片剂和小丸的情况,剂型还可以包括缓冲剂。
相似类型的固体组合物也可在软和硬填充的明胶胶囊中用作填充剂,其使用诸如乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar)的赋形剂以及高分子量聚乙二醇类等。
活性化合物也可以为与一种或多种上述赋形剂的微胶囊形式。固体剂型的片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊剂、小丸、以及颗粒剂可与包衣或外壳一起制备,例如肠溶衣、释放控制包衣以及药物制剂领域公知的其它包衣。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物可以与诸如蔗糖、乳糖或淀粉的至少一种惰性稀释剂混合。如通常做法,这样的剂型还可以包括除惰性稀释剂以外的其它物质,例如压片润滑剂和其它压片助剂如硬脂酸镁和微晶纤维素。对于胶囊、片剂和小丸的情况,剂型还可以包括缓冲剂。它们可以任选地含有乳浊剂,并且还可为这样的组合物,即它们仅在或优先在肠道的某些部分以延迟形式释放活性成分。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物和蜡。
用于本发明化合物的局部或透皮给药的剂型包括膏剂、糊剂、霜剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、粉剂、溶液剂、喷雾剂、吸入剂或贴剂。活性化合物与药学上可接受的载体和可能需要的任何所需防腐剂或缓冲剂在无菌条件下混合。眼用制剂、耳滴剂、眼软膏剂、粉剂和溶液剂也被认为在本发明的范围内。
除了本发明的活性化合物之外,软膏、糊剂、霜剂和凝胶还可以含有赋形剂,例如动物和植物脂肪、油类、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅树脂、膨润土、硅酸、滑石和氧化锌、或者它们的混合物。
除了本发明的活性化合物之外,粉末和喷雾剂还可含有赋形剂,例如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末,或者这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂可另外含有通常的推进剂,例如氟氯烃类。
透皮贴剂具有向身体提供化合物的控制释放的附加优点。可通过在适当媒介中溶解或分散该化合物来制备这些剂型。还可将吸收增强剂用于增强化合物的跨皮肤流动。可通过提供速率控制膜或通过将化合物分散在聚合物基质或凝胶中来控制该速率。
除非另有说明,用在本文中的所有技术和科学术语与本领域普通技术人员所通常理解的含义一致。通过引用将本文提到的所有出版物、专利、公开的专利申请、以及其它的参考文献都全文并入。
缩写
用在随后的对设计方案和实例的描述中的缩写如下:
ACN用于乙腈;
BME用于2-巯基乙醇;
BOP用于苯并三唑-1-基氧基-三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐;
BzCl用于苯甲酰氯;
CDI用于羰二咪唑;
COD用于环辛二烯;
DABCO用于1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷
DAST用于二乙基氨基三氟化硫;
DABCYL用于6-(N-4'-羧基-4-(二甲基氨基)偶氮苯)-氨基己基-1-O-(2-氰乙基)-(N,N-二异丙基)-亚磷酰胺;
DBU用于1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯;
DCC用于N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺;
DCM用于二氯甲烷;
DIAD用于偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯;
DIBAL-H用于二异丁基氢化铝;
DIPEA用于二异丙基乙胺;
DMAP用于N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶;
DME用于乙二醇二甲醚;
DMEM用于Dulbecco改良的Eagles培养基;
DMF用于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
DMSO用于二甲亚砜;
DSC用于N,N'-二琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯;
DPPA用于叠氮磷酸二苯酯;
EDANS用于5-(2-氨基-乙基氨基)-萘-1-磺酸;
EDCI或EDC用于1-(3-二乙基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐;
EtOAc用于乙酸乙酯;
EtOH用于乙醇;
HATU用于O(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯;
HCl用于盐酸;
Hoveyda’s Cat.用于二氯(邻异丙氧基苯基亚甲基)(三环己基膦)钌(II);
In用于铟;
KHMDS为双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾;
Ms用于甲磺酰基;
NMM用于N-4-甲基吗啉;
NMI用于N-甲基咪唑;
NMO用于N-4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物;
PyBrOP用于三吡咯烷基溴化鏻六氟磷酸盐;
Ph用于苯基;
RCM用于关环复分解反应;
RT用于逆转录;
RT-PCR用于逆转录聚合酶链式反应;
TBME用于叔丁基甲基醚;
TEA用于三乙胺;
Tf2O用于三氟甲磺酸酐;
TFA用于三氟乙酸;
THF用于四氢呋喃;
TLC用于薄层色谱;
(TMS)2NH用于六甲基二硅烷;
TMSOTf用于三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯;
TBS用于叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基;
TMS用于三甲基甲硅烷基;
TPAP用于四丙基过钌酸铵;
TPP或PPh3用于三苯基膦;
TrCl用于三苯甲基氯;
DMTrCl用于4,4'-二甲氧基三苯甲基氯;
tBOC或Boc用于叔丁氧基羰基。
合成方法
结合以下的阐释可以制备本发明化合物的方法的合成方案,本发明的化合物和方法将可得到更好地理解,它们仅作为说明而无意限制本发明的范围。对所公开的实施方案的各种改动和修饰对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,并且包括但不限于与本发明的化学结构、取代基、衍生物和/或方法相关的那些改动和修饰可以在不脱离本发明的精神和所附权利要求书的范围情况下进行。
如方案1中所显示的,从式(1-1)化合物制备式(1-5)化合物的新胆汁酸类似物,其中R1、m、和R7如之前所定义,P1和P2为羟基保护基团。因此,以P1和P2基团保护式(1-1)化合物的两个羟基基团,得到式(1-2)的化合物。P1和P2可相同或不同。P1和P2可为任何羟基保护基团,例如但不限于Ac、Bz、氯乙酰基、TES、TBS、MOM和Bn。对保护羟基基团的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts在“Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis”第三版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1999中描述的。接着,采用合适的试剂(例如但不限于DPPA)将式(1-2)的化合物转化为式(1-3)的酰基叠氮化合物。反应溶剂可为但不限于THF、DCM和甲苯。优选的溶剂为THF。反应温度为-20℃~40℃。在升高温度下式(1-3)化合物的进一步重排并与磺酰胺反应,得到式(1-4)的化合物。P1和P2基团脱保护,得到式(1-5)的磺酰脲化合物。对羟基保护基团脱保护的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts在“Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis”第三版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1999中描述的。
方案1
方案2阐释了从式(1-3)化合物制备式(2-2)的脲化合物,其中R10、m、和R7如之前所定义,P1和P2为羟基保护基团。因此,在升高温度下式(1-3)化合物重排并与胺反应,得到式(2-1)的化合物。P1和P2基团脱保护,得到式(2-2)的脲化合物。对羟基保护基团脱保护的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts在“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”第三版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1999中描述的。
方案2
方案3阐释了从式(1-3)化合物制备式(3-4)的磺酰胺化合物,其中R1、m、和R7如之前所定义,P1和P2为羟基保护基团。因此,式(1-3)化合物通过Curtius重排转化为式(3-1)的化合物。对Curtius重排的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由JerryMarch在“Advanced Organic Chemistry”第四版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1992中描述的。然后,式(3-1)化合物在酸性条件下Boc脱保护,得到式(3-2)的胺化合物。接着让式(3-2)的化合物与磺酰氯反应,产生式(3-3)的磺酰胺化合物。羟基保护基团P1和P2进一步脱保护,产生式(3-4)的化合物。对羟基保护基团和氨基保护基团的保护和脱保护的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts在“Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis”第三版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1999中描述的。
方案3
在方案4中阐述了制备式(4-3)的磺酰胺化合物的备选方法,其中R1、m、和R7如之前所定义,P1和P2为羟基保护基团。采用适当的偶联条件将式(1-2)化合物与磺酰胺偶联,产生式(4-1)化合物。偶联试剂可选自但不限于DCC、EDC、CDI、二异丙基碳二亚胺、BOP-Cl、PyBOP、PyAOP、TFFH和HATU。适合的碱包括但不限于三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺、DBU、N-甲基吗啉和DMAP。该偶联反应在诸如但不限于CH2Cl2、DMF或THF的非质子溶剂中进行。反应温度可从为0℃变化至约50℃。用还原剂处理式(4-1)的化合物,产生式(4-2)的化合物。该还原剂可选自但不限于LiAlH4、LiBH4、DIBAL、BH3。该反应在诸如但不限于CH2Cl2、DMF或THF的非质子溶剂中进行。反应温度可从为0℃变化至约100℃。式(4-2)的化合物进一步脱保护,产生式(4-3)的化合物。对羟基保护基团脱保护的方法、试剂和条件的更详细讨论在文献中有描述,例如由T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts在“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”第三版,John Wiley&Son,Inc.,1999中描述的。
方案4
实施例
结合以下的实施例,本发明的化合物和方法将可得到更好地理解,它们仅作为说明而无意限制本发明的范围。对所公开的实施方案的各种改动和修饰对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,并且包括但不限于与本发明的化学结构、取代基、衍生物、制剂和/或方法相关的那些改动和修饰可以在不脱离本发明的精神和所附权利要求书的范围情况下进行。
实施例1:
步骤1-1:
向1打兰小瓶分别添加6(α)-乙基-鹅去氧胆酸(6-ECDCA)(100mg,0.24mmol)、无水THF(3mL)、TBSCl(107.5mg,0.71mmol)、以及咪唑(57.2mg,0.84mmol),并让反应混合物在室温下搅拌22h。转移至分液漏斗,用EtOAC(50mL)稀释,并用盐水洗涤(10mL,1:1v/v)。干燥、过滤并浓缩,将所得的白色固体溶解在MeOH(10mL)中,并添加K2CO3(49.7mg,0.36mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌30min并冷却至0℃。然后通过添加0.1N HCl将反应混合物酸化至PH<7,并用EtOAc(30mL)稀释。在用盐水(10mL)洗涤后,干燥,并浓缩,通过CombiFlash(12gSiO2,丙酮/己烷=0~40%)纯化所得的粗原料,得到呈白色固体的化合物(1),88mg,两个步骤的产率为65.6%。
步骤1-2:
将TBS保护的6(α)-乙基-鹅去氧胆酸化合物(1)(125mg,0.23mmol)溶解在THF(2.0mL)中,并冷却至0℃。向该溶液添加Et3N(64μL,0.46mmol)和叠氮磷酸二苯酯(74μL,0.35mmol)。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1.5h,用盐水淬灭并用DCM(2x)萃取。将合并的有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并在25℃真空浓缩。将残余物吸收在己烷中,穿过Na2SO4过滤,并在25℃真空浓缩。将粗产物化合物(2)(150mg)用于下一步骤,无需纯化。
步骤1-3:
将以上得到的酰叠氮化合物(2)(75mg)溶解在甲苯(2.5mL)中,并回流5h。将混合物冷却至室温,添加萘-2-磺酰胺(58mg,0.24mmol)和DBU(36μL,0.24mmol)。将反应混合物室温搅拌1h,用1M HCl水溶液淬灭,并用EtOAc(2x)萃取。将合并的有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并在真空浓缩。将0-50%EtOAc/己烷用作洗脱剂,通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到N-磺酰脲化合物(3)(74mg)。
步骤1-4:
将上述获得的化合物(3)(74mg)溶解在MeOH(1.0mL)中,随后添加1滴37%的浓HCl。将混合物室温搅拌10min,用饱和NaHCO3淬灭,并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并在真空浓缩。将0-50%丙酮/己烷用作洗脱剂,通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到实施例1化合物(44mg)。
实施例2至实施例8的实施例采用与实施例1中相同的操作来制备。MS数据和1HNMR数据列在表9中。
表9
实施例8:
步骤8-1:
将6(α)-乙基-鹅去氧胆酸(2.1g,2.38mmol)溶解在甲苯(11ml)中。向该溶液滴加甲酸(98%,3.0mL)和高氯酸(70%,20μL)。将混合物在105℃搅拌回流3.5h并冷却到室温。用EtOAc稀释混合物,并用盐水洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。采用0-40%丙酮/己烷通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到化合物(8-1)(730mg)。
步骤8-2:
将化合物(8-1)(730mg,1.53mmol)溶解在THF(8.0mL)中,并冷却至0℃。向该溶液添加Et3N(425μL,3.06mmol)和叠氮磷酸二苯酯(347μL,1.61mmol)。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1.5h,用水淬灭并用EtOAc(2x)萃取。将合并的有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并在25℃真空浓缩。将以上获得的粗产物溶解在甲苯(20mL)中,在100℃搅拌30min,并添加t-BuOH(1.5mL)。将混合在100℃搅拌18h,冷却至室温,用EtOAc稀释,并用水和盐水洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩。采用0-20%EtOA/己烷通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到化合物(8-2)(401mg)。LC/MS观测的[M+NH4]+,565.42.1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)8.15(1H,s),8.04(1H,s),5.19(1H,s),4.71(1H,br s),4.41(1H,br s),3.19(1H,br s),3.03(1H,brs),1.44(9H,s),0.95(6H,br s),0.90(3H,t,J=7.0Hz),0.65(3H,s)。
步骤8-3:
将化合物(8-2)(401mg,0.73mmol)溶解在DCM(15mL)中,并冷却至0℃。滴加TFA(1.1mL),并将反应混合物升温至室温,且搅拌1h。真空下除去溶剂。在DCM中溶解残余物并用饱和NaHCO3洗涤。收集有机层,有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。获得白色固体的化合物(8-3)(300mg)。LC/MS观测的[M+H]+,448。
步骤8-4:
将胺化合物(8-3)(100mg,0.22mmol)溶解在DCM(1.0mL)中,接着添加Et3N(67μL,0.48mmol)和苯甲基磺酰氯(46mg,0.24mmol)。将反应混合物室温搅拌18h,用5%NaHCO3淬灭,并用DCM(3x)萃取。将合并有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。采用0-30%EtOA/己烷通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到化合物(8-4)(57mg)。LC/MS观测的[M+NH4]+,619.38;[M+HCOOH-H]-,646.27.1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)8.15(1H,s),8.03(1H,s),7.38(5H,s),5.18(1H,s),4.70(1H,br s),4.24(2H,s),3.94(1H,br s),3.02(1H,br s),2.93(1H,br s),0.95(3H,s),0.89(6H,m),0.63(3H,s)。
步骤8-5:
将化合物(8-4)(57mg,0.095mmol)溶解在MeOH(0.5mL)中。将该混合物在饱和50%NaOH溶液(0.23mL,30当量)中于50℃搅拌15h,冷却至室温,用1M HCl淬灭并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。纯化残余物得到实施例8的化合物。LC/MS观测的[M+HCOOH-H]-,590.25。
实施例9:
将化合物(8-3)(57mg,0.095mmol)溶解在MeOH(0.5mL)中。向该溶液添加饱和50%NaOH水溶液(0.23mL,30eq)。将该混合物在50℃搅拌15h,冷却至室温,用1M HCl淬灭并用EtOAc(3x)萃取。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。纯化残余物得到实施例9的化合物。LC/MS观测的[M+1],392.25。
实施例10:
将酰基磺酰胺(10-1)(100mg,0.18mmol)溶解在THF(2mL)中。在-78℃向该溶液滴加在THF中的LiAlH4溶液(THF中1.0M,1.44mL)。让混合物升温至室温并搅拌1h。用饱和酒石酸钾钠在0℃淬灭反应,并在室温搅拌14h。用EtOAc(2x)萃取混合物,将合并的有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩。采用0-50%EtOA/己烷通过SiO2色谱纯化残余物,得到实施例10的化合物(42mg)。LC/MS观测的[M+HCOOH-H]-,590.29.1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)7.87(2H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.59(1H,m),7.52(2H,m),4.33(1H,br s),3.69(1H,s),3.41(1H,br s),3.92(2H,br s),0.90(3H,t,J=7.5Hz),0.89(3H,s),0.85(3H,d,J=5.5Hz),0.62(3H,s)。
实施例11:
采用与实施例10的化合物类似的操作制备实施例11的化合物。LC/MS观测的[M+HCOOH-H]-,556.31.1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)3.69(1H,br s),3.40(1H,br s),3.14(1H,m),3.09(2H,m),1.95(1H,d,J=12Hz),1.37(6H,d,J=5.5Hz),0.93-0.89(9H,m),0.65(3H,s)。
实施例129至实施例143的实施例采用与上文相似的操作来制备。MS数据列在表10中。
表10
实施例108:
将THF(5mL)中的5-苯基噻吩-2-磺酰胺(145mg,0.6mmol)和DBU(91mg,0.6mmol)添加至化合物(2a)在甲苯中的溶液(1mL,0.2mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,干燥,过滤,浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例108(15.5mg)。
实施例109:
1).化合物(109-1)的合成
在室温下将化合物(109-SM)(1g,10mmol)添加至氯磺酸(10mL),将混合物缓慢升温至100℃,然后在100-110℃加热2h。冷却反应混合物,搅拌下倒入150mL碎冰中,并用乙酸乙酯(20mL*3)萃取。合并有机层,用饱和盐水(30mL)洗涤,在Na2SO4上干燥,蒸发,得到1.25g的呈黄色油状物的标题化合物(109-1),其直接用于下一步骤中。
2).化合物(109-2)的合成
将化合物(109-1)(1.25g,6.48mmol)在THF(40mL)中的溶液和氨水(40mL)在室温下搅拌1.5h。接着浓缩溶液。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中40至100%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的标题化合物(109-2)(510mg,45%)。
3).实施例109的合成
将THF(5mL)中的化合物(109-2)(87.5mg,0.5mmol)和DBU(76mg,0.5mmol)添加至化合物(2a)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 220nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例109(25.1mg)。
实施例111:
1).化合物(111-1)的合成
在-78℃,将噻吩(6.0g,71.31mmol)和2-溴-2-甲基丙烷(9.7g,70.79mmol)在DCM(60mL)中的溶液滴加至DCM(60mL)中的三氯化铝(9.4g,70.50mmol)。将得到的溶液在-78℃搅拌2h并升温到室温过夜。用DCM(200mL)稀释得到的混合物,依次用水(50mL)、5%氢氧化钠(50mL)和饱和盐水(50mL)洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,并真空浓缩,得到呈黄色油状物的6.1g(粗)期望化合物。
2).化合物(111-2)的合成
将(111-1)(5g,35.7mmol)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液滴加至氯磺酸(12.4g,107mmol)在DCM(30mL)中的冰冷溶液中。让反应混合物在0℃搅拌30min,然后倾倒至冰上。用DCM(20mL*3)萃取该溶液。用H2O(30mL)、和饱和NaCl(30mL)洗涤合并的有机层,然后在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,蒸发,得到呈黄色油状物的4.1g(粗)的(111-2),其直接用于下一步骤中。
3).化合物(111-3)的合成
将(111-2)(4.1g,17.2mmol)在THF(40mL)中的溶液和氨水(40mL)在室温下搅拌1.5h。然后浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中40至100%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的标题化合物(2.1g,56%)。
4).实施例111的合成
将THF(5mL)中的化合物(113-3)(110mg,0.5mmol)和DBU(76mg,0.5mmol)添加至化合物(2a)(1mL,0.2mmol)在PhCH3中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例111(29.4mg)。
实施例112:
1).化合物(112-1)的合成
将化合物(112-SM)(4mL)在DCM(10mL)中的溶液滴加至氯磺酸(10mL)在DCM(30mL)中的冰冷溶液中。让反应混合物在室温搅拌2 h,然后倾倒至冰上。用DCM(20mL*3)萃取该溶液。用饱和盐水(30mL)洗涤合并的有机层,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,蒸发,得到呈黄色油状物的1.1g(粗)的(112-1),其直接用于下一步骤中。
2).化合物(112-2)的合成
将化合物(112-1)(1.1g)在THF(40mL)中的溶液和氨水(40mL)在室温下搅拌1.5h。接着浓缩溶液。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中50至100%EtOAc,得到550mg呈黄色固体的标题化合物(112-2)。
3).实施例112的合成
将THF(5mL)中的化合物(112-2)(100mg,0.5mmol)和DBU(76mg,0.5mmol)添加至化合物(2a)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例112(21.5mg,18%)。
实施例113:
1).化合物(113-1)的合成
向用氮气的惰性气氛吹扫和保持的1000mL圆底烧瓶中加入6-ECDCA(18.0g,0.04mol,1.00等量)在THF(200mL)中的溶液、TEA(86.5g,0.86mol,20.0等量)、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(0.63g,0.004mol,0.1等量)、以及醋酐(87.3g,0.86mol,20.0等量)。将得到的溶液在90℃搅拌15小时。在冷却至室温后,浓缩,并将残余物溶解在乙酸乙酯(500mL)中,然后用水(100mL*2)、饱和NaCl(100mL*2)洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中0至20%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的期望化合物(113-1)(20.0g,92.6%)。
2).化合物(113-2)的合成
向(93-1)(20.0g,40mmol)在TFA(150mL)中的溶液中添加TFAA(63.0g,300mmol)。然后在0℃下在45分钟时间分5批加入NaNO2。在0℃搅拌1h后,将溶液转移至40℃达40分钟。在冷却至室温后用水淬灭溶液,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取(200mL*3)。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中10至30%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的期望化合物(12.2g,65.6%)。
3).化合物(113-3)的合成
向(113-2)(11.7g,24.8mmol)在CH3OH(100mL)中的溶液中添加KOH(50.0g,892.8mmol)和H2O(100mL)。将混合物在90℃搅拌16小时。用6N HCl淬灭反应混合物以将pH调节至5~6,用乙酸乙酯萃取(200mL*3)。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度DCM中0至10%MeOH,得到呈黄色固体的期望化合物(9.0g,89%)。
4).化合物(113-4)的合成
向(113-3)(5.0g,12.3mmol)在THF(200mL)中的溶液中添加咪唑(5.9g,86.1mmol)和TBSCl(5.6g,36.9mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌16小时。用10%柠檬酸淬灭反应混合物以将pH调节至5~6,用乙酸乙酯萃取(150mL*3)。在Na2SO4上干燥有机层,过滤,并浓缩,得到呈黄色固体的粗产物(7.2g,粗)。向CH3OH(250mL)中的该黄色固体添加K2CO3(2.3g,17.0mmol)。将混合物在室温搅拌4小时。用10%柠檬酸淬灭反应混合物以将pH调节至5~6,用乙酸乙酯萃取(150mL*3)。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中10至20%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的期望化合物(3.3g,56%)。
5).化合物(113-5)的合成
在0℃向(113-4)(1.0g,2.0mmol)在甲苯(10mL)中的溶液顺序添加TEA(4.2mmol,2.1当量)和DPPA(2.1mmol,1.05当量)。将得到的混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。然后升温至100℃,并搅拌5小时。在冷却至室温后,获得化合物(113-5)在甲苯中的0.2M溶液,可将其分为几个部分用于下一步骤的反应。
6).实施例113的合成
将在THF(1mL)中的环己基苯磺酰胺(72mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至PH-ETA-C-005-5(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(20mL*3)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释混合物,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例113(44.7mg)。
实施例114:
将在THF(1mL)中的化合物(114-2)(71.7mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(113-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例114(12.7mg)。
实施例115:
将在THF(1mL)中的化合物(115-2)(63.9mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(113-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例115(25.9mg)。
实施例116:
将在THF(1mL)中的化合物(116-2)(72.3mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(113-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例116(24.2mg)。
实施例117:
将在THF(1mL)中的化合物(117-2)(60.3mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(113-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例117(32.8mg)。
实施例118:
将在THF(5mL)中的化合物(118-2)(72mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(113-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(20mL*3)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例118(40mg)。
实施例119:
1.化合物(119-1)的合成
将N,N-二甲基苯胺(0.5g,4.13mmol)和双三甲基甲硅烷基硫酸酯(0.5g,4.13mmol)的混合物在160℃加热5小时。让混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤将所得的固体分离,并用Et2O洗涤。然后将固体溶解在H2O中,并真空浓缩溶液,得到呈白色固体的标题化合物600mg(粗)。
2).化合物(119-2)的合成
在0℃,将化合物(119-1)(600mg)分批加至PCl5(931mg,4.5mmol)在DCM(20mL)中的悬浮液中。然后让混合物升温至室温,接着室温下搅拌3h。将混合物真空浓缩,并将残余物溶解在Et2O和H2O中。分层,并将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并真空浓缩,得到呈黄色固体的标题化合物320mg,将其直接使用,无需进一步纯化。
3).化合物(119-3)的合成
将氨水(10mL)添加至(119-2)(320mg)在THF(10mL)中的溶液,并在室温下搅拌1.5h,然后浓缩。通过快速硅胶柱色谱纯化残余物,洗脱梯度石油醚中40至100%EtOAc,得到呈黄色固体的标题化合物(160mg,54.7%)。
4).实施例119的合成
将在THF(5mL)中的化合物(119-3)(100mg,0.5mmol)和DBU(76mg,0.5mmol)添加至化合物(2a)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中,然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,接着用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 220nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例119(24.3mg)。
实施例121:
将在THF(1mL)中的化合物(121-2)(72mg,0.3mmol)和DBU(0.153g,1mmol)添加至(93-5)(1mL,0.2mmol)在甲苯中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。用水淬灭混合物,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取,在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物溶解在MeOH(2mL)中。然后添加1滴37%HCl。将混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水顺序洗涤。将有机层在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,并浓缩。通过Flash-Prep-HPLC((IntelFlash-1):柱,C18;流动相,MeCN/H2O,检测器,UV 254nm)纯化残余物,得到呈白色固体的实施例121(29.7mg)。采用与上文描述类似的操作制备以下的期望实施例。MS数据和1H NMR数据列在表11中。
表11
测定
人FXR(NR1H4)测定
确定配体介导的Gal4启动子驱动的转录来定量配体结合介导的FXR活化。从Indigo Bioscience购买FXR报告基因测定试剂盒(目录号:IB00601)来确定由Enanta开发的可诱导FXR活化的化合物的效力和功效。该报告基因测定系统的主要应用是定量人FXR的功能活性。该测定利用非人哺乳动物细胞,即经工程化以表达人NR1H4蛋白(也称作FXR)的CHO(中国仓鼠卵巢)细胞。报告基因系统还掺入了编码甲虫荧光素酶的cDNA,该荧光素酶催化底物并产生光子发射。采用读板光度计(plate-reading luminometer)Envision来定量反应的发光强度。报告细胞包括在功能上连接至FXR响应性启动子的荧光素酶报告基因。因此,在经处理的报告细胞中定量荧光素酶的变化为FXR活性的变化提供了敏感的替代测量。通过XLFit确定EC50和功效(归一化至设为100%的CDCA)。该测定与制造商的说明书一致。简言之,该测定在白色96孔板中进行,采用100ul的终体积,其中含有细胞以及不同剂量的化合物。从-80℃保存取出报告细胞。通过将10ml体积的37℃细胞复苏培养基转移进冷冻细胞管中来进行冷冻细胞的快速融化。再次盖上报告细胞管并立即将其置于37℃水浴中5至10分钟。从水浴取出报告细胞混悬液管。用70%酒精拭子清洁管的外表面,然后将其转移进细胞培养罩。将90μl的细胞混悬液分配进96孔测定板的每个孔中。将板转移进37℃培养箱中,让细胞粘附至孔的底部。在稀释板(DP)中稀释化合物,并施用至测定板(AP)的细胞。样品的DMSO含量保持在0.2%。在测量荧光素酶活性之前,将细胞再孵育22小时。在准备定量FXR活性之前30分钟,从冰箱取出检测底物和检测缓冲液,并将它们置于弱光区域中,使得它们可以平衡至室温。移除板的盖子,通过将其弹入适合的废液容器而弃去所有的培养基内容物。将翻转的板轻放在干净的吸收性纸巾上,以去除残留的水滴。细胞仍将紧紧地粘附在孔底。向测定板的每个孔添加100μl的荧光素酶检测试剂。在添加LDR后让测定板在室温静置至少5分钟。在读取第一个测定孔之前,将仪器(Envision)设置为进行单次5秒的“板震动”。读板时间可以为每孔0.5秒(500mSec)。通过XLFit确定EC50和功效(归一化至设为100%的CDCA)。
体外人TGR5(GPBAR1)活性测定
本发明的化合物对TGR5受体的效力和功效采用体外测定来评估,其采用来自DiscoverX的表达试剂盒(cAMP HunterTM eXpress GPBAR1CHO-K1GPCR测定;目录号:95-0049E2CP2S)GPBAR1(G蛋白偶联的胆汁酸受体1)编码G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)超家族的成员)进行。配体结合后的GPBAR1活化启动一系列第二信使级联,导致细胞应答。以胆汁酸处理表达GPBAR1的CHO细胞导致细胞内cAMP的产生和受体内化。使用基于酶片段互补(EFC)的竞争性免疫测定,通过测量活细胞中环腺苷一磷酸(环AMP或cAMP)的水平,来确定化合物对GPBAR1活化的效力和功效。
简言之,将细胞接种进白色96孔微板中,在测试前将其置于加湿培养箱内37℃,5%CO2中18至24小时。第二天,根据制造商说明书进行恰当的cAMP Hunter eXpress计划(Protocol)。以期望的储备浓度将激动剂化合物溶解在DMSO中,并在细胞测定缓冲液中制备3倍系列的激动剂化合物稀释液。每个稀释的浓度应制备为4X最终筛选浓度(即15μL化合物+45μL细胞测定缓冲液/cAMP抗体试剂)。对于每个稀释,溶剂的最终浓度应保持恒定。转移15μL稀释的化合物到测定板,并将板在37℃孵育30分钟。在激动剂孵育后,向适当的孔添加60μL的工作cAMP检测试剂/cAMP溶液混合物(cAMP裂解缓冲液,底物试剂1,cAMP溶液D)。在室温(23℃)孵育1小时,避光。向适当的孔添加60μl的cAMP溶液A。在室温(23℃)孵育3小时,避光。在Envision标准的发光读板仪上读取样品。计算对数转化后的平均EC50。
为了评估实施例化合物以及参照化合物的FXR激动效力,在人FXR(NR1H4)测定中确定效力范围,如以下表12中所列出的。将功效归一化至设为100%的CDCA。(A=EC50<0.1μM;B=0.1μM<EC50<1.0μM;C=1.0μM<EC50<10μM;D=EC50>10μM)。
表12
虽然已参照本发明的优选实施方案具体示出和描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员应理解,在不脱离所附权利要求书所涵盖的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对形式和细节进行各种改变。
Claims (19)
1.式I表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
Ra为氢或甲基;
Rb是–C(O)NHSO2R1或–SO2R1;
R1选自由以下组成的组:
1)卤素;
2)羟基;
3)C1-C8烷基;
4)卤素-C1-C4-烷基;
5)C2-C8烯基;
6)C2-C8炔基;
7)C3-C8环烷基;
8)芳基;
9)芳烷基;
10)烷基芳基;
11)杂环烷基;
12)杂芳基;
13)杂芳烷基;
19)–NR10R11;
R2为氢或甲基;
m选自0、1和2;
R3为氢或羟基;
R4、R5和R6为氢;
R7为乙基;和
R10和R11各自独立地选自氢、-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基、-C2-C8炔基、-C3-C8环烷基、-C3-C8杂环烷基,或者R10和R11与它们所连接的氮原子合起来形成杂环。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于防止或治疗选自由以下组成的组的疾病或病状的药物中的用途:原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、脑腱黄瘤病(CTX)、原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、药物导致的胆汁淤积、妊娠肝内胆汁淤积、胃肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积(PNAC)、细菌过度生长或败血症相关胆汁淤积、自身免疫性肝炎、慢性病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝移植相关移植物抗宿主病、活体供体肝移植再生、先天性肝纤维化、胆总管结石、肉芽肿性肝病、肝内或肝外恶性肿瘤、干燥综合征、结节病、威尔逊病、高雪氏病、血色素沉着症以及α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症。
14.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于防止或治疗选自由以下组成的组的疾病或病状的药物中的用途:糖尿病肾病、局灶性节段性肾小球硬化症(FSGS)、高血压肾硬化症、慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性移植性肾小球病、慢性间质性肾炎以及多囊肾病。
15.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于防止或治疗选自由以下组成的组的疾病或病状的药物中的用途:动脉硬化、血脂异常、高胆固醇血症以及高甘油三酯血症。
16.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于防止或治疗选自由以下组成的组的疾病或病状的药物中的用途:胰岛素抵抗、I型和II型糖尿病以及肥胖症。
17.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中所述疾病或病状是原发性胆汁性肝硬化或非酒精性脂肪性肝病。
18.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的化合物在制备用于防止或治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物中的用途。
19.一种药物组合物,包含权利要求1至12中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。
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