CN107098745A - 一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107098745A CN107098745A CN201710280447.2A CN201710280447A CN107098745A CN 107098745 A CN107098745 A CN 107098745A CN 201710280447 A CN201710280447 A CN 201710280447A CN 107098745 A CN107098745 A CN 107098745A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound 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CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000529 probiotic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
本发明公开了一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，属于肥料技术领域。本发明包括如下步骤：(1)发酵液A的制备；(2)发酵液B的制备；(3)发酵液C的制备；(4)食醋稀释液的制备；(5)茶叶辣椒水的制备；(6)混合后制得成品。本发明的肥料具备各方面的营养元素，肥效温和持久。本肥料能消除发酵肥产生的异味，保持良好的种植环境，而且还能对土壤进行杀菌消毒，可防治地下害虫的产生并且施肥方便，省时省力。
Description
一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于肥料技术领域，具体涉及一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法。
背景技术
[0002] 园艺，即园地栽培，果树、蔬菜和观赏植物的栽培、繁育，可分为果树园艺、蔬菜园 艺和观赏园艺。园艺作物通常包括果树、蔬菜、各种观赏植物、香料植物及药用植物等。近些 年来，随着人民环境意识的不断增强，除了园林绿化之外，美化到生活环境中的各个角落的 风尚正在逐渐形成，园艺栽培已经越来越受人们的关注，园艺业发展的越来越快，尤其是园 艺中观赏类的盆栽发展十分迅速。随着园艺行业的蓬勃发展，市面上出现了各式各样的园 艺肥料。
[0003] 对园艺作物的栽培需要给作物不断地补充肥料，目前的园艺肥料基本是固体肥 料。园艺固体肥料大多是有机肥，有机肥通常经过发酵得到，有机物料发酵腐熟后制成的有 机肥不可避免会有腐臭味和霉味，特别是加入禽畜粪尿的肥料，味道飘散到种植环境，使空 气变得污浊，对于观赏类植物的环境影响很大，在施肥时固体肥料的换置不仅麻烦而且费 力。目前园艺用肥还普遍存在的一个问题是肥效不长，一般追肥的肥效持续时间长则一个 月，短则半个月，不仅肥料耗量大，而且使用者需要反复施肥，增加种植负担。另外，目前很 多园艺肥的营养元素不足，营养不均衡经常会造成园艺作物产生黄叶、掉叶、生长缓慢、叶 子单薄、果实瘦小等问题。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于:提供一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，制备所得到的浓缩 液体肥料施肥简单，肥效长，无异味，能全面均衡作物营养，使作物健康且快速生长，能解决 现有技术存在的上述问题。
[0005] 为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
[0006] —种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0007] (1)将秸杆切碎，加入3-4倍重量的水沸煮1-2小时，自然冷却后进行密封发酵，发 酵温度为40_50°C，25-30天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A;
[0008] (2)将动物残体切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残体重量的 0.01-0.02%，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的2-4倍，混合均匀后密封，保 持温度在35-40°C，经过30-40天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B;
[0009] (3)将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液 中混合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣：禽畜粪便:水= 1-2:5-10: 60-80:40-50，自然发酵20-30天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C;
[0010] ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:5-10,得到食醋稀释液；
[0011] (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮20-30分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3 :1: ΙΟ-ΐ 2 ， 冷却后过滤 ，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水；
[0012] (6)将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1-2:1-1.5:3-5: 0.3-0.5:0.2-0.4的重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
[0013] 作为优选，所述步骤（1)中，秸杆为水稻秸杆、高粱秸杆、玉米秸杆中的一种或几 种。
[0014] 作为优选，所述步骤(2)中，动物残体为蟹壳、虾壳、禽畜毛、禽畜骨头中的一种或 几种。
[0015] 作为优选，所述步骤⑶中，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣:禽畜 粪便:水= 1.5:7:75:46。
[0016] 作为优选，所述步骤⑷中，所述食醋与水的稀释比例为1:6。
[0017]作为优选，所述步骤⑶中，茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:11。
[0018] 作为优选，所述步骤(6)中，发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水 的重量比为 1.6:1.2:4:0.4:0.3。
[0019] 本发明发酵动物残体所用的有机肥发酵剂为HB腐熟剂，选自鹤壁市禾盛生物科技 有限公司；发酵中药渣、禽畜粪便所用的生物菌肥发酵剂是复合型EM菌益生菌，其主要成分 为乳酸菌、酵母菌、双歧杆菌、醋酸菌、放线菌、芽孢杆菌等10属80余种有益菌，功能强大，选 自郑州农富康生物科技有限公司。
[0020] 有益效果：
[0021] 1、本发明通过用秸杆、动物残体、中药渣等发酵后得到发酵液综合在一起制成本 浓缩液体肥料，具备各种营养元素，能保证园艺作物所需的所有元素，保证园艺作物的茁壮 成长，能有效避免黄叶、掉叶、生长缓慢、枝丫瘦小、叶子单薄、果实瘦小等问题。本浓缩液体 肥料含有多种营养元素和丰富的有机质，肥效温和持久，用作追肥，有效期长达2个月。本肥 料利用生活废弃物来制作，既节省成本，又环保。
[0022] 2、将中药渣、禽畜粪便加入生物发酵菌进行快速发酵，加工制成有机肥料，变废为 宝，化害为利，既解决了制剂室废弃药渣的处理问题，又大大降低了废弃物处理成本。本发 酵方法大大缩短有机肥腐熟时间，大大降低粪便肥料臭味。经本方法发酵的有机肥，重金 属、酸性物质、有机质会被分解，能防止二次发酵和酸性物质烧根烧苗。
[0023] 3、中药文化在中国有几千年的历史，中药是我们国家的瑰宝之一，而中药材原材 料可以被提取的成分平均不足6%，经过提取后的中药渣存有多种的有机物成分和活性炭 成分中药残留的有效成分能有效消灭土壤中的有害菌，防止盆栽植物的各种细菌性疾病。
[0024] 4、本发明的肥料加入了一定比例的稀释食醋液和茶叶辣椒水，不仅能消除发酵肥 产生的异味，保持良好的养殖环境，还能对土壤进行杀菌消毒而不伤害植株根系，同时还是 一种杀虫剂，能抑制虫害，有效杀死虫卵，可防治地下害虫的产生，提高植物防病抗病能力。
[0025] 5、本发明的肥料做成浓缩液体，施用时直接进行喷淋或加水稀释后喷淋，使用方 法非常简单方便，特别是对于盆栽类植物，省去了固体肥料需要挖土换肥的工序，降低劳动 强度。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
[0027] 实施例1
[0028] —种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0029] (1)将水稻秸杆切碎，加入3倍重量的水沸煮1小时，自然冷却后进行密封发酵，发 酵温度为40°C，30天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A;
[0030] ⑵将蟹壳、鸡毛、牛骨头切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残 体重量的〇. 01 %，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的2倍，混合均匀后密封，保 持温度在35°C，经过40天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B;
[0031] (3)将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液 中混合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣：禽畜粪便:水= 1.5:7:75: 46，自然发酵20天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C;
[0032] ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:6,得到食醋稀释液；
[0033] (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮20分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:11，冷却 后过滤，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水；
[0034] (6)将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1.6:1.2:4:0.4: 0.3的重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
[0035] 实施例2
[0036] —种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0037] ⑴将高粱秸杆切碎，加入4倍重量的水沸煮2小时，自然冷却后进行密封发酵，发 酵温度为50°C，25天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A;
[0038] (2)将虾壳、鸭毛、猪骨头切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残 体重量的0.02%，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的4倍，混合均匀后密封，保 持温度在40°C，经过30天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B;
[0039] (3)将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液 中混合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣:禽畜粪便:水=1:5:60:40， 自然发酵30天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C;
[0040] ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:5，得到食醋稀释液；
[0041] (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮30分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:10，冷却 后过滤，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水；
[0042] (6)将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1:1: 3:0.3:0.2的 重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
[0043] 实施例3
[0044] —种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0045] (1)将玉米秸杆切碎，加入3-4倍重量的水沸煮1-2小时，自然冷却后进行密封发 酵，发酵温度为45 °C，28天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A;
[0046] (2)将鸡毛、虾壳、猪内脏切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残 体重量的0.01 %，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的3倍，混合均匀后密封，保 持温度在38°C，经过35天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B;
[0047] (3)将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液 中混合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣：禽畜粪便:水= 1.5:7:70: 45，自然发酵25天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C;
[0048] ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:7,得到食醋稀释液；
[0049] (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮25分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:12，冷却 后过滤，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水；
[0050] (6)将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1.6:1.3:3.5:0.5: 0.4的重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
[0051] 实施例4
[0052] 一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0053] ⑴将高粱秸杆、玉米秸杆切碎，加入3.5倍重量的水沸煮1.5小时，自然冷却后进 行密封发酵，发酵温度为45 °C，27天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A;
[0054] (2)将蟹壳切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残体重量的 0.02%，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的3.5倍，混合均匀后密封，保持温度 在37°C，经过36天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B;
[0055] (3)将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液 中混合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣：禽畜粪便:水= 1.7:9:76: 47，自然发酵27天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C;
[0056] ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:7,得到食醋稀释液；
[0057] (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮20-30分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:10，冷 却后过滤，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水；
[0058] (6)将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1.6:1.3:4:0.4: 0.3的重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
[0059] 本肥料在某园艺植物种植园进行试用。选择大小均一、生长状态均匀的100盆刚定 植的草莓进行试验，分成五组，每组20盆，分别为对照组，试验组1，试验组2，试验组3，试验 组4,完成第一次果实采摘时即停止试验。
[0060] 对照组选择固体肥料进行追肥，该固体肥料的每公斤成本价格与本发明制备的浓 缩液体肥料成本价格一样;试验组1用实施例1制得的肥料进行追肥;试验组2用实施例2制 得的肥料追肥;试验组3用实施例3制得的肥料进行追肥;试验组4用实施例4制得的肥料进 行追肥。试验组的追肥是先将园艺浓缩液体肥料用水稀释，水的重量为浓缩液体肥料的2 倍，然后用稀释液对草莓的盆栽土壤进行喷淋即可。试验过程中，试验组的盆栽无异味挥 发，无病虫害现象，植株生长情况良好。试验过程中，这100盆草莓除了施肥方法不一样，其 他的种植环境和护理方法均保持相同。经过一个结果周期对对照组和试验组比较，结果见 表1。
[0061] 表1
[0062]
[0063]
[0064] 通过表1的数据对比得出，使用了本发明制备的肥料不仅用量少，施肥操作简单， 而且果实产量高。本园艺浓缩液体肥料的使用不仅能够降低施肥成本，而且还能大大的提 高果实产量，增加收益。
[0065] 本发明的肥料养分充足，肥效长，喷洒至土壤后，有机质能有效的改良土壤理化状 况和生物特性，熟化土壤增强土壤的保肥抗旱能力，为作物的生长提供了充足的养分，使营 养成分和水分能抵达植物根系，有利于作物吸收，提高肥料的利用率。另外加上防病防虫的 配方处理，使植株能健康生长，枝繁叶茂，果实累累。
[0066] 虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限制本发明，任何本领域技 术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可做些许的修改和完善，因此本发明的保护范 围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (7)
1. 一种园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤： (1) 将秸杆切碎，加入3-4倍重量的水沸煮1-2小时，自然冷却后进行密封发酵，发酵温 度为40-50°C，25-30天后，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液A; (2) 将动物残体切碎，加入有机肥发酵剂，有机肥发酵剂的重量为动物残体重量的
0.01-0.02%，搅拌均匀后加入水，水的重量为动物残体重量的2-4倍，混合均匀后密封，保 持温度在35-40°C，经过30-40天的发酵，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液B; (3) 将生物菌肥发酵剂加入水中稀释，得稀释液，将中药渣和禽畜粪便加入稀释液中混 合均匀，所述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣:禽畜粪便:水=1-2:5-10:60-80: 40-50，自然发酵20-30天，弃去渣滓，制得发酵液C; ⑷将食醋用水进行稀释，稀释体积比例为1:5-10，得到食醋稀释液； (5)取茶叶和辣椒，加水沸煮20-30分钟，其中茶叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:10-12，冷 却后过滤，取滤液得茶叶辣椒水； ⑹将发酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水按1-2:1-1.5:3-5:0.3-
0.5:0.2-0.4的重量比混合均匀，即可得到园艺浓缩液体肥料。
2. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤（1)中，秸 杆为水稻秸杆、高粱秸杆、玉米秸杆中的一种或几种。
3. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中，动 物残体为蟹壳、虾壳、禽畜毛、禽畜骨头中的一种或几种。
4. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中，所 述各组分的重量比为生物菌肥发酵剂：中药渣:禽畜粪便:水=1.5:7:75:46。
5. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中，所 述食醋与水的稀释比例为1:6。
6. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中，茶 叶、辣椒、水的重量比为3:1:11。
7. 如权利要求1所述的园艺浓缩液体肥料的制备方法，其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中，发 酵液A、发酵液B、发酵液C、食醋稀释液和茶叶辣椒水的重量比为1.6:1.2:4:0.4:0.3。
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| CN110115211A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-13 | 江苏金麦穗生态农业科技有限公司 | 水稻绿色无公害种植工艺 |
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