CN101874445A - 有机韭菜的栽培方法 - Google Patents
有机韭菜的栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101874445A CN101874445A CN2009102313071A CN200910231307A CN101874445A CN 101874445 A CN101874445 A CN 101874445A CN 2009102313071 A CN2009102313071 A CN 2009102313071A CN 200910231307 A CN200910231307 A CN 200910231307A CN 101874445 A CN101874445 A CN 101874445A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- organic
- chinese chives
- soil
- castor bean
- fertilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound 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[Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000593 degrading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000855 fungicidal Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound 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CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-acetaminophenol Chemical compound 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CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000486 side effect Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明是一种有机韭菜的栽培方法，属于蔬菜栽培。包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：a.栽培地土壤预处理，b.肥料选用微生物有机肥料；c.灌溉用水采用60米以下深井地下水或天然泉水；d.无毒副作用病虫害防治；e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。提供了一种肥效营养成分全面，能够满足韭菜生长需求，产量高；有效预防病虫害发生，保持土壤生态平衡、有利环境保护；生产的韭菜符合无公害食品韭菜技术要求的有机韭菜的栽培方法。避免了因化肥农药的过度使用带来的诸多负面影响。生产的韭菜符合中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 19630.1-2005的规定。
Description
有机韭菜的栽培方法
技术领域
[0001 ] 本发明是一种有机韭菜的栽培方法，属于蔬菜栽培。 背景技术
[0002] 韭菜营养丰富、味道鲜美，是一种食用面广、食用量较大的蔬菜。韭菜在生长过程 中，肥料需求量大，传统施用的农家肥不能满足韭菜生长对氮肥的需要，因此产量低，而且 容易引发诸多病虫害，导致化肥农药的过量施用。无机速效氮肥的采用，不仅会带来土壤板 结、破坏土壤生态平滑、污染自然环境等弊端，而且严重影响韭菜产品的品质，农药的过量 施用不可避免的产生药物残留，损害韭菜品质。使得采用现有技术中的韭菜栽培方法，生产 的韭菜难以达到有机产品的技术标准。危害食用人群的健康。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的在于避免上述现有技术中的不足之处，而提供一种肥效营养成分全 面，能够满足韭菜生长需求，韭菜产量高；有效预防病虫害发生，保持土壤生态平衡、有利环 境保护；生产的韭菜符合有机产品技术要求的有机韭菜的栽培方法。
[0004] 本发明的目的可以通过如下措施来达到：
[0005] 本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：
[0006] a.栽培地土壤预处理
[0007] ①移除表层活土
[0008] ②深翻土地
[0009] ③加入土壤降解剂适量
[0010] ④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料
[0011] ⑤移栽前扣棚灭菌；
[0012] 栽培地土壤预处理，以排除原土壤环境存在对有机韭菜生长的不利因素，以及消 除相关病虫害根源。
[0013] b.肥料选用
[0014] 采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工 业废渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂，堆积发酵而成的有机韭菜专用微生物有机肥料。
[0015] 所述微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质原料900-950， 钙镁磷肥0-100，微生物菌剂1-2，红糖1-2。
[0016] 其中以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工 业废渣为有机质原料。酿造工业废渣可以是啤酒厂的啤酒泥、啤酒糟、发酵酒精装置产生的 酒糟，酱油酿造、食醋酿造废渣。农作物秸秆主要是豆科农作物秸秆。农副产品加工废渣是 食用油加工副产的豆饼、棉籽饼、菜籽饼，草炭，食用菌培养基废弃物。制糖工业废渣是滤 泥、蔗渣、甜菜渣。
[0017] 发明人基于对韭菜生长对氮元素需求量高，以及充分利用廉价的有机质资源的考虑，选用家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工业废渣为 有机质原料，添加适量磷肥，通过加入微生物菌剂发酵处理，制备而成的有机韭菜专用的微 生物有机肥料的采用，成功地解决了传统施用的农家肥不能满足韭菜生长对氮肥的需要的 问题，显著提高了韭菜的产量；有效的避免了病虫害，大大减少了化肥和农药的施用。避免 了因无机速效氮肥的采用，带来土壤板结、破坏土壤生态平滑、污染自然环境等弊端；提高 了韭菜产品的品质，避免了因农药的过量施用而产生的药物残留，生产的韭菜达到有机产 品的技术标准。保护了食用人群的健康。对于完成本发明作出突出贡献。
[0018] c••灌溉用水
[0019] 采用60米以下深井地下水或天然泉水；采用60米以下深井地下水或天然泉水作 为灌溉用水，从根本上避免了用被污染的水体浇灌所带来的各种污染物对韭菜的侵入。
[0020] d..无毒副作用.病虫害防治
[0021] 采用如下方法中的一种或其任意两种以上组合：
[0022] ①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度30-50目，每0. 8-1. 2亩构建一 个防虫网；
[0023] ②蓖麻子叶水提取液
[0024] 其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水3〜5倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提 取液喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏 时喷洒，每亩用药液20〜40公斤；
[0025] ③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；
[0026] ④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天 黄昏时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液20〜40公斤；
[0027] 采用以上方法使得韭菜的所有病虫害得到根治。
[0028] e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。所述隔离带区宽度为 5-10米。蓖麻子隔离带对韭菜园地周围环境的影响起到屏蔽作用。
[0029] 本发明的目的还可以通过如下措施来达到：
[0030] 本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：
[0031] a.栽培地土壤预处理
[0032] ①移除表层活土 10-20厘米
[0033] ②深翻土地30-50厘米
[0034] ③加入土壤降解剂适量
[0035] ④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料
[0036] ⑤移栽前扣棚15-20天进行高温灭菌；
[0037] b.肥料选用
[0038] 采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工 业废渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂（购于北京意科乐生态科技有限公司，商品名：肥力 菌），堆积发酵而成的有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料。
[0039] 所述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质 原料900-950，钙镁磷肥30-100，微生物菌剂1_2，红糖1_2 ；所述微生物箇剂是市售含有酵 母菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和高温芽孢杆菌的复合微生物菌剂。[0040] 该微生物有机肥料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
[0041] a.主体有机质原料的配制
[0042] 准确称取粉碎后的有机质原料900-950重量份，钙镁磷肥0_100重量份，混勻，备 用；
[0043] b.微生物菌剂溶液制备
[0044] 准确称取红糖1-2重量份，溶解于适量水中，再加入市售液态微生物箇剂1-2重量 份，混勻，备用；
[0045] c.菌剂接种
[0046] 将步骤b制备的微生物菌剂溶液，均勻喷洒在步骤a配好的主体有机质原料上，边 喷洒，边搅拌，使主体原料与微生物菌剂溶液充分接触、混合均勻，待发酵用；
[0047] d.发酵
[0048] 将步骤c接种菌剂后的待发酵物料堆制成堆，自然发酵10-15天，当温度升至60°C 时，翻堆散热，计翻堆3-5次，最后一次翻堆后，继续发酵24小时。
[0049] 上述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料，韭菜播种前，作为苗床肥施用，用量每亩 500-1000公斤，作为定植基肥施用，用量每亩1000公斤，作为追肥施用，用量为每次每亩 300公斤，每年春季停止收割韭菜1-2天后，重施基肥时，每亩施用量为500-1000公斤；
[0050] c..灌溉用水
[0051] 采用60米以下深井地下水；
[0052] d..无毒副作用.病虫害防治
[0053] 采用如下方法的组合：
[0054] ①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度30-50目，每0. 8-1. 2亩构建一 个防虫网；
[0055] ②蓖麻子叶水提取液
[0056] 其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水3〜5倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提 取液喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏 时喷洒，每亩用药液20〜40公斤；
[0057] ③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；
[0058] ④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天 黄昏时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液20〜40公斤；
[0059] e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。所述隔离带区宽度为 5-10 米。
[0060] 采用本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，所种植的韭菜产品按照中华人民共和国国家 标准GB/T 19630. 1-2005规定的标准检测，达到所规定的有机产品标准。
[0061] 本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，相比现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进 步，并能产生如下积极效果：
[0062] 1.提供了一种肥效营养成分全面，能够满足韭菜生长需求，韭菜产量高；有效预 防病虫害发生，保持土壤生态平衡、有利环境保护；生产的韭菜符合无公害食品韭菜技术要 求的有机韭菜的栽培方法；
[0063] 2.采用有机韭菜专用微生物有机肥料，解决了传统施用的农家肥不能满足韭菜生长对氮肥的需要的问题，避免了因化肥农药的过度使用带来的诸多负面影响。
[0064] 3.蓖麻子秸秆、蓖麻子油渣、蓖麻子叶的采用有效防治了韭菜病虫害产生，无任何 负面影响；
[0065] 4.采用本发明的栽培方法生产的韭菜符合中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY 5001-2001 的规定。
具体实施方式
[0066] 本发明下面将结合实施例作进一步详述：
[0067] 实施例1
[0068] 本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：
[0069] a.栽培地土壤预处理
[0070] ①移除表层活土 10厘米
[0071] ②深翻土地30厘米
[0072] ③加入土壤降解剂适量（北京意科乐生态科技有限公司生产的肥力菌），5-6公斤
/亩
[0073] ④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料
[0074] ⑤移栽前扣棚15天进行高温灭菌；
[0075] b.肥料选用
[0076] 采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工 业废渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂，堆积发酵而成的有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料。
[0077] 所述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质 原料900，钙镁磷肥50，微生物菌剂1，红糖2 ；所述微生物箇剂是市售含有酵母菌、乳酸菌、 放线菌和高温芽孢杆菌的复合微生物菌剂。
[0078] 上述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料，韭菜播种前，作为苗床肥施用，用量每亩 500公斤，作为定植基肥施用，用量每亩1000公斤，作为追肥施用，用量为每次每亩300公 斤，春季停止收割韭菜1天后，重施基肥时，每亩施用量为500公斤；
[0079] c..灌溉用水
[0080] 采用60米以下深井地下水；
[0081] d.无毒副作用.病虫害防治
[0082] 采用如下方法中的组合：
[0083] ①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度30目，每0. 8亩构建一个防虫 网；
[0084] ②蓖麻子叶水提取液
[0085] 其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水3倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提取 液喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏时 喷洒，每亩用药液20公斤；
[0086] ③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；
[0087] ④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天 黄昏时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液20公斤；[0088] e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。所述隔离带区宽度为5 米。
[0089] 按照上述有机韭菜的栽培方法，所种植的韭菜产品按照中华人民共和国国家标准 GB/T 19630. 1-2005标准检测，实测卫生指标列于表1 ：
[0090] 表 1
[0091]
[0092] 实施例2
[0093] 本发明的有机韭菜的栽培方法，包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：
[0094] a.栽培地土壤预处理
[0095] ①移除表层活土 20厘米
[0096] ②深翻土地50厘米
[0097] ③加入土壤降解剂适量（北京意科乐生态科技有限公司、肥力菌），5_6公斤/亩
[0098] ④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料
[0099] ⑤移栽前扣棚20天进行高温灭菌；
[0100] b.肥料选用
[0101] 采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工 业废渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂，堆积发酵而成的有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料。
[0102] 所述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质 原料950，钙镁磷肥90，微生物菌剂2，红糖1 ；所述微生物箇剂是市售含有酵母菌、乳酸菌、 放线菌和高温芽孢杆菌的复合微生物菌剂；
[0103] 上述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料，韭菜播种前，作为苗床肥施用，用量每亩 1000公斤，作为定植基肥施用，用量每亩1000公斤，作为追肥施用，用量为每次每亩300公 斤，春季停止收割韭菜2天后，重施基肥时，每亩施用量为1000公斤；
[0104] c..灌溉用水
[0105] 采用泉水；
[0106] d..无毒副作用.病虫害防治[0107] 采用如下方法中的组合：
[0108] ①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度50目，每1. 2亩构建一个防虫 网；
[0109] ②蓖麻子叶水提取液
[0110] 其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水5倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提取 液喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏时 喷洒，每亩用药液40公斤；
[0111] ③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；
[0112] ④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天 黄昏时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液40公斤；
[0113] e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。所述隔离带区宽度为10 米。
[0114] 采用以上方法种植的韭菜产品按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 19630.1-2005 规定的标准检测，达到所规定的有机产品标准。
[0115]表 2
[0116]
Claims (3)
- 一种有机韭菜的栽培方法，其特征在于包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：a.栽培地土壤预处理①移除表层活土②深翻土地③加入土壤降解剂④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料⑤移栽前扣棚灭菌；b.肥料选用采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工业废渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂，堆积发酵而成的微生物有机肥料；所述微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质原料900-950，钙镁磷肥0-100，微生物菌剂1-2，红糖1-2；c.灌溉用水采用60米以下深井地下水或天然泉水；d.病虫害防治采用如下方法中的一种或其任意两种以上组合①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度30-50目，每0.8-1.2亩构建一个防虫网；②蓖麻子叶水提取液其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水3～5倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提取液喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏时喷洒，每亩用药液20～40公斤；③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天黄昏时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液20～40公斤；e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区，所述隔离带区宽度为5-10米。
- 2.根据权利要求1的有机韭菜的栽培方法，其特征在于包括如下耕作方法与管理步骤：a.栽培地土壤预处理①移除表层活土 10-20厘米②深翻土地30-50厘米③加入土壤降解剂适量④土壤中混入蓖麻子秸秆碎料⑤移栽前扣棚15-20天进行高温灭菌；b.肥料选用采用以家畜、家禽粪便，农作物秸秆，农副产品加工废渣、酿造工业废渣及制糖工业废 渣为有机质原料，加入微生物菌剂，堆积发酵而成的有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料；所述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料包括如下以重量分数计的原料组分：有机质原料 900-950，钙镁磷肥30-100，微生物菌剂1_2，红糖1_2 ；所述微生物菌剂是市售含有酵母菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和高温芽孢杆菌的复合微生物菌剂；上述有机韭菜专用的微生物有机肥料的应用，是在韭菜播种前，作为苗床肥施用，用量 每亩500-1000公斤，作为定植基肥施用，用量每亩1000公斤，作为追肥施用，用量为每次每 亩300公斤，每年春季停止收割韭菜1-2天后，重施基肥时，每亩施用量为500-1000公斤；c..灌溉用水采用60米以下深井地下水；d.病虫害防治. 采用如下方法的组合：①在有机韭菜种植地段上方罩有防虫网，网眼密度30-50目，每0. 8-1. 2亩构建一个防 虫网；②蓖麻子叶水提取液其提取方法是：将蓖麻叶研磨成浆，加水3〜5倍，浸泡提取12小时，过滤去渣；提取液 喷洒韭菜叶面；还可以将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，揉搓浸泡12小时，施用时选择晴天黄昏时喷 洒，每亩用药液20〜40公斤。③将蓖麻叶晒干研粉后掺土施用；④将蓖麻子油渣加水5倍，搅拌下，提取12小时，过滤去渣；所得提取液选择晴天黄昏 时喷洒韭菜叶面，每亩用药液20〜40公斤；e.在有机韭菜种植园地周围设有蓖麻子种植隔离带区。所述隔离带区宽度为5-10米。
- 3.根据权利要求1的有机韭菜的栽培方法，其特征在于所种植的韭菜产品按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 19630. 1-2005规定的标准检测，达到所规定的有机产品标准。
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