CN107094669A - 产量大的白条鱼养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，包括下列步骤：（1）池塘选择；（2）鱼种放养；（3）饲料投喂；（4）日常管理，本发明提供一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，具有增产多，风险低和效益高等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法。
背景技术
白条鱼是经过人工杂交培育出的优良养殖鱼种之一，因其生长迅速、适应能力强、食性广、养殖成本低、产量高、市场需求量大，备受广大产养殖户的青睐。白条鱼分布于长江中、下游附属中型湖泊，比较适于静水性生活，平时栖息于底质为淤泥、并生长有沉水植物的敞水区的中、下层中，喜欢生活在有沙砾、石块、生有大量淡水壳菜和其他水下植物的硬质河床底部，冬季则群集于最深的沟缝，洞穴或坑塘中越冬；幼鱼主要以枝角类和甲壳动物为食；成鱼摄食水生植物，以苦草和轮叶黑藻为主，还能摄食部分湖底植物碎屑和少量浮游动物，因此食性范围较广，一般从 4 月开始摄食，一直延续到 11 月，以 6-10 月摄食量最大，白条鱼属于中型鱼类，生长速度以 1-2 龄生长较快，是中国主要淡水养殖鱼类之一。白条鱼肉细嫩肥美，小鱼刺多，大鱼刺少，鱼肉含有丰富的优质蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素D 和大量的磷和 烟酸，可以起到补脑和软化血管的作用，具有补虚、益脾、养血、祛风、健胃之功效，一般人都 可食用，可以预防贫血症、低血糖、高血压和动脉血管硬化等疾病。主要食用方法有 ：1. 清 蒸白条鱼，特点是白条鱼鱼形完整，鱼肉软嫩，鲜香味美，汤清味醇 ；2. 红烧白条鱼，特点是白条鱼 色泽金黄，脂肪肥厚，肉质细糯，油润爽滑，味道异常鲜美 ；3. 糖醋白条鱼 ；4. 葱烤白条鱼，特 点是酱色明亮，骨酥肉嫩，回味香甜，为佐酒佳肴。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，具有增产多，风险低和效益高等特点。
本发明的技术方案是：一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，包括下列步骤：
(1)池塘选择:
池塘面积为1—10亩，池塘底质为壤土，沙壤土或黍土, 水深1m—2.5m，水温25℃—30℃，水体溶氧3mg/L，PH值6.0—8.5；
(2)鱼种放养：
池塘水温稳定在15℃即可进行鱼种放养，鱼种放养密度在15000—30000尾/亩，鱼种规格整齐，体质健壮，鱼种下塘前要采用浸浴法消毒，常用3%—5%的食盐水浸洗5—7分钟，高锰酸钾20mg/L浸洗10—15分钟；
(3)饲料投喂：
养殖前期投喂粗蛋白含量在35%的颗粒饲料，养殖后期投喂粗蛋白含量在30%的悬浮饲料，饲料中粗脂肪含量10%，日投饲量为鱼种体重的6%—8%，每日投喂2次-4次；
(4)日常管理：
每天早、中、晚各巡塘一次，观察池塘中鱼群动态和检查吃食情况。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述人工配合饲料包括鱼粉，小球藻粉，豆粕，虾粉，蛋粉，饲料酵母。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述悬浮饲料包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质、维生素。
本发明的一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，具有增产多，风险低和效益高等特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
本发明一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，包括下列步骤：
(1)池塘选择:
池塘面积为1—10亩，池塘底质为壤土，沙壤土或黍土, 水深1m—2.5m，水温25℃—30℃，水体溶氧3mg/L，PH值6.0—8.5；
(2)鱼种放养：
池塘水温稳定在15℃即可进行鱼种放养，鱼种放养密度在15000—30000尾/亩，鱼种规格整齐，体质健壮，鱼种下塘前要采用浸浴法消毒，常用3%—5%的食盐水浸洗5—7分钟，高锰酸钾20mg/L浸洗10—15分钟；
(3)饲料投喂：
养殖前期投喂粗蛋白含量在35%的颗粒饲料，养殖后期投喂粗蛋白含量在30%的悬浮饲料，饲料中粗脂肪含量10%，日投饲量为鱼种体重的6%—8%，每日投喂2次-4次；
(4)日常管理：
每天早、中、晚各巡塘一次，观察池塘中鱼群动态和检查吃食情况。
进一步说明，所述人工配合饲料包括鱼粉，小球藻粉，豆粕，虾粉，蛋粉，饲料酵母，所述悬浮饲料包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质、维生素。
在进一步说明，白条鱼虽然对外界环境适应性强，但在池塘精养中由于放养密度高，受人工饲料、水源、天气等因素的影响，池塘水质易发生变化，从而影响鱼类的生长。因此，在养殖过程中，水质的调节很重要。整个饲养过程中，水质必须常年保持“肥、活、嫩、爽”的标准，透明度应控制在40cm左右。当水质过浓时，鱼类吃食量减少，应及时加注新水调节水质，并随时准备开启增氧机或水泵冲水等增氧措施，以预防鱼类因缺氧造成的浮头。同时，要保持池塘水位的相对稳定。前期以注水为主，可每隔半个月加注新水一次，使池水随鱼体增大而不断加深。中后期应适时换水。 养殖环境的改良包括底质改良和水质改良两个方面，前者可定期的泼洒一些底质改良剂，如过氧化钙，浓度为10g/m3；后者可定期的泼洒一些消毒剂，如二氧化氯等，浓度控制在0.4g/m3。定期向池中泼洒环境改良剂，也可施用复合生物制剂，以改善水质。白条鱼种刚下塘时，并未发现特有的病害，但在养殖过程中应注意病害的预防。首先，养殖普降喜雨在使用前每亩用75kg—150kg的生石灰全池泼洒，以改善池塘底质和杀灭病菌；其次，是鱼种下塘前要用食盐水或高锰酸钾进行浸泡消毒；最后，配合饵料要安全卫生，符合相关要求，并定期用漂白粉或强氯精对食场进行消毒。白条鱼虽然抗病能力较强，但在池塘单养的条件下，容易感染寄生虫病，该病来势凶猛，复发性较大，一年四季均有发生。预防寄生虫病，除了做好池塘生石灰清塘、鱼种药物浸洗之外，养殖过程中要定期进行药物预防，体外消毒用原虫净，内服药物可用杀虫精，预防效果明显。另外，饲料中定期添加多糖、维生素c等，可提高鱼体抗病力，增强机体免疫，从而达到预防鱼病的发生。本发明提供一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，具有增产多，风险低和效益高等特点。
本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，其特征在于：包括下列步骤：
(1)池塘选择:
池塘面积为1—10亩，池塘底质为壤土，沙壤土或黍土, 水深1m—2.5m，水温25℃—30℃，水体溶氧3mg/L，PH值6.0—8.5；
(2)鱼种放养：
池塘水温稳定在15℃即可进行鱼种放养，鱼种放养密度在15000—30000尾/亩，鱼种规格整齐，体质健壮，鱼种下塘前要采用浸浴法消毒，常用3%—5%的食盐水浸洗5—7分钟，高锰酸钾20mg/L浸洗10—15分钟；
(3)饲料投喂：
养殖前期投喂粗蛋白含量在35%的颗粒饲料，养殖后期投喂粗蛋白含量在30%的悬浮饲料，饲料中粗脂肪含量10%，日投饲量为鱼种体重的6%—8%，每日投喂2次-4次；
(4)日常管理：
每天早、中、晚各巡塘一次，观察池塘中鱼群动态和检查吃食情况。
2.根据权利要求1所述的产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，其特征在于：所述颗粒饲料包括玉米秸秆、干花生秧、玉米、酒糟、豆粕、鱼粉、碳酸氢钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的产量大的白条鱼养殖方法，其特征在于：所述悬浮饲料包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质、维生素。
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