CN107089746B - 一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,包括S1:将竹浆洗涤废水筛滤、初沉,得到废水初液;S2:将废水初液通入初液蒸发装置,对废水初液调节PH;S3:利用初液蒸发装置对废水初液进行加热浓缩,使初液蒸发装置内的气压维持在0.5MPa;S4:在加热浓缩的过程中向初液蒸发装置中加入微量元素锌和钴;S5:向废水初液中通入臭氧气体,并同时使用紫外线光进行照射;S6:将浓缩液冷却,然后将冷却浓缩液导出初液蒸发装置。本发明可以对竹浆洗涤废水进行环保处理,还可以转化为农业肥料,并且添加的锌盐和钴盐提高了肥料中微量元素的含量;采用了臭氧消毒杀菌以及紫外线杀菌的方式,对竹浆洗涤废水中的微生物以及有害物质进行了有效清除。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业废水的处理方法领域,具体涉及一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法。
背景技术
我国是世界上竹子资源最丰富的国家,竹子品种超过500种,种植面积、蓄积量居世界第一。“十二五”期间,我国竹浆产能从194万t增至240万t,竹子的消耗从776万t增至960万t。我国造纸工业原料紧缺,竹材是我国造纸工业纤维原料的重要补充,以竹代木,竹浆纸一体化,用竹子造纸,可节约大量的木材,保护森林。以竹为原料的纸浆一体化项目,可以充分利用竹子的再生能力进行合理砍伐,不但不会对生态造成破坏,还能发展竹类资源产业,有利于保护生态环境和美化生活环境,有利于山区综合开发和群众脱贫致富,实现社会经济生态可持续发展。
我国现代竹浆厂规模都在10万t/a以上,主要分布在南方和西南部地区,这些企业都采用化学法制竹浆。化学法制竹浆产生了大量生产废液。废液分两部分,一部分是黑液,量少但浓度很高,通过蒸发、浓缩、燃烧回收黑液中的碱和燃烧热,黑液得到治理。另一部分是中段废水,通常称为竹浆废水,是指竹材经蒸煮、黑液提取后在筛选、洗涤、漂白和抄纸过程中排出的废水。竹浆废水量很大,一个竹浆厂每天产生竹浆废水达上万t至数万t。目前国内外对竹浆废水都采用生物方法进行处理,即利用微生物降解竹浆废水中的有机污染物。生物方法处理竹浆废水效果好,相对物理法、化学法成本较低。在废水生物处理中,微生物生长需要营养源,主要营养源为碳、氮、磷。造纸工业废水碳源充足但缺乏氮和磷,都采用投加尿素和磷酸盐作为氨、磷营养盐的方式予以补充。我国所有的造纸企业在废水生物处理过程中,都加入了氮、磷营养盐。由于造纸工业废水排放量大,所以废水处理工程营养盐的耗量亦很大。
但目前的竹浆废水处理方法对于再利用的认识还不够,并且利用率很低;同时竹浆废水中含有大量的有毒残留物质,而目前的处理方法并没有很好地对其进行处理,同时在废水处理过程中产生的气体中,往往含有硫化物,排放到空气中会造成环境污染或对人身造成伤害,而对于硫化物的处理也是目前被忽视以及缺乏良好处理的一个环节。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对上述提出的现有技术中存在着竹浆废水处理利用率低、有害气体处理不够完善、以及废水中有毒残留物过多的问题,本发明提供一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将竹浆洗涤废水筛滤、初沉,去除竹浆废水中的悬浮物,得到废水初液;
步骤S2:将废水初液通入初液蒸发装置,同时向初液蒸发装置中通入PH调节剂,将废水初液调节至PH为7-7.5;
步骤S3:调节好PH后,利用初液蒸发装置对废水初液进行加热浓缩,并调节初液蒸发装置内的气压,使气压维持在0.5MPa;
步骤S4:在加热浓缩的过程中每间隔1小时便向初液蒸发装置中加入微量元素锌和钴,所述锌和钴以易溶于水的锌盐和钴盐的形式存在,锌盐和钴盐添加至竹浆废水中的浓度为0.001mg/m3-0.01mg/m3;
步骤S5:在加热浓缩过程的同时,向废水初液中通入浓度为100-500mg/m3的臭氧气体,并同时使用紫外线光进行照射;
步骤S6:当废水初液浓缩到NH4+浓度为4000mg/l~5000mg/l时,将浓缩液冷却到温度为20-60℃,然后将冷却浓缩液导出初液蒸发装置,用作农业肥料原料。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中,采用活性炭过滤网对竹浆洗涤废水进行初级筛滤活性炭过滤网目数从70-130目,然后采用离子交换树脂对竹浆洗涤废水进行二级筛滤。
进一步的,所述步骤S2中,PH调节剂选用碳酸钾或者柠檬酸钾。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中,锌盐为硝酸锌或氯化锌,钴盐为硝酸钴或碳酸钴。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中,采用毛细管超高压水银灯进行紫外线光照射,紫外线光的照射强度为50uw/cm2-120uw/cm2。
进一步的,所述步骤S5中,臭氧气体采用外部曝气机通入竹浆洗涤废水中,同时在初液蒸发装置顶部设置气体收集冷却装置,对排出的臭氧气体进行收集的同时冷却蒸发的蒸汽。
进一步的,对冷却后的蒸汽进行脱硫处理,其步骤包括:
a、排出的蒸汽经蒸汽换热器冷却至90-100℃,进入预洗涤器经洗涤后除去HCI,洗涤后的蒸汽经过液滴分离器除去水滴进入前置洗涤器中;
b、在前置洗涤器中,氨水自塔顶喷淋洗涤蒸汽,蒸汽中的SO2被洗涤吸收除去,经洗涤的蒸汽排出后经液滴分离器除去携带的水滴,进入脱硫洗涤器;
c、在该洗涤器中蒸汽进一步被洗涤,经洗涤塔顶的除雾器除去雾滴,进入脱硫洗涤器。再经蒸汽换热器加热后经烟囱排放。洗涤工艺中产生的浓度约30%的硫酸铵溶液排出洗涤塔,可以送到化肥厂进一步处理或直接作为液体氮肥出售。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明不仅可以对竹浆洗涤废水进行环保处理,还可以转化为农业肥料,并且添加的锌盐和钴盐提高了肥料中微量元素的含量,有利于农作物生长;
2.本发明在对竹浆洗涤废水处理的过程中,采用了臭氧消毒杀菌以及紫外线杀菌的方式,对竹浆洗涤废水中的微生物以及有害物质进行了有效清除;
3.本发明对竹浆废水蒸馏浓缩所产生的蒸汽,进行回收再利用,在脱硫的同时将硫化物与铵盐结合,制备成铵盐肥料,再次利用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征,除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外,均可以以任何方式组合。下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
下面结合图1对本发明作详细说明。
实施例1:
一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将竹浆洗涤废水筛滤、初沉,去除竹浆废水中的悬浮物,得到废水初液,其中采用活性炭过滤网对竹浆洗涤废水进行初级筛,滤活性炭过滤网目数为70目,然后采用离子交换树脂对竹浆洗涤废水进行二级筛滤;
步骤S2:将废水初液通入初液蒸发装置,同时向初液蒸发装置中通入PH调节剂,PH调节剂选用碳酸钾,将废水初液调节至PH为7.2;
步骤S3:调节好PH后,利用初液蒸发装置对废水初液进行加热浓缩,并调节初液蒸发装置内的气压,使气压维持在0.5MPa;
步骤S4:在加热浓缩的过程中每间隔1小时便向初液蒸发装置中加入微量元素锌和钴,所述锌和钴以易溶于水的锌盐和钴盐的形式存在,锌盐为硝酸锌,钴盐为硝酸钴,锌盐和钴盐添加至竹浆废水中的浓度为0.005mg/m3;
步骤S5:在加热浓缩过程的同时,向废水初液中通入浓度为100mg/m3的臭氧气体,并同时使用紫外线光进行照射,采用毛细管超高压水银灯进行紫外线光照射,紫外线光的照射强度为50uw/cm2,臭氧气体采用外部曝气机通入竹浆洗涤废水中,同时在初液蒸发装置顶部设置气体收集冷却装置,对排出的臭氧气体进行收集的同时冷却蒸发的蒸汽;
进一步的,对冷却后的蒸汽进行脱硫处理,其步骤包括:
a、排出的蒸汽经蒸汽换热器冷却至90℃,进入预洗涤器经洗涤后除去HCI,洗涤后的蒸汽经过液滴分离器除去水滴进入前置洗涤器中;
b、在前置洗涤器中,氨水自塔顶喷淋洗涤蒸汽,蒸汽中的SO2被洗涤吸收除去,经洗涤的蒸汽排出后经液滴分离器除去携带的水滴,进入脱硫洗涤器;
c、在该洗涤器中蒸汽进一步被洗涤,经洗涤塔顶的除雾器除去雾滴,进入脱硫洗涤器。再经蒸汽换热器加热后经烟囱排放。洗涤工艺中产生的浓度约30%的硫酸铵溶液排出洗涤塔,可以送到化肥厂进一步处理或直接作为液体氮肥出售。
步骤S6:当废水初液浓缩到NH4+浓度为4000mg/l时,将浓缩液冷却到温度为30℃,然后将冷却浓缩液导出初液蒸发装置。
实施例2:
一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将竹浆洗涤废水筛滤、初沉,去除竹浆废水中的悬浮物,得到废水初液,其中采用活性炭过滤网对竹浆洗涤废水进行初级筛,滤活性炭过滤网目数为130目,然后采用离子交换树脂对竹浆洗涤废水进行二级筛滤;
步骤S2:将废水初液通入初液蒸发装置,同时向初液蒸发装置中通入PH调节剂,PH调节剂选用柠檬酸钾,将废水初液调节至PH为7.5;
步骤S3:调节好PH后,利用初液蒸发装置对废水初液进行加热浓缩,并调节初液蒸发装置内的气压,使气压维持在0.5MPa;
步骤S4:在加热浓缩的过程中每间隔1小时便向初液蒸发装置中加入微量元素锌和钴,所述锌和钴以易溶于水的锌盐和钴盐的形式存在,锌盐为氯化锌,钴盐为碳酸钴,锌盐和钴盐添加至竹浆废水中的浓度为0.009mg/m3;
步骤S5:在加热浓缩过程的同时,向废水初液中通入浓度为200mg/m3的臭氧气体,并同时使用紫外线光进行照射,采用毛细管超高压水银灯进行紫外线光照射,紫外线光的照射强度为100uw/cm2,臭氧气体采用外部曝气机通入竹浆洗涤废水中,同时在初液蒸发装置顶部设置气体收集冷却装置,对排出的臭氧气体进行收集的同时冷却蒸发的蒸汽;
进一步的,对冷却后的蒸汽进行脱硫处理,其步骤包括:
a、排出的蒸汽经蒸汽换热器冷却至92℃,进入预洗涤器经洗涤后除去HCI,洗涤后的蒸汽经过液滴分离器除去水滴进入前置洗涤器中;
b、在前置洗涤器中,氨水自塔顶喷淋洗涤蒸汽,蒸汽中的SO2被洗涤吸收除去,经洗涤的蒸汽排出后经液滴分离器除去携带的水滴,进入脱硫洗涤器;
c、在该洗涤器中蒸汽进一步被洗涤,经洗涤塔顶的除雾器除去雾滴,进入脱硫洗涤器。再经蒸汽换热器加热后经烟囱排放。洗涤工艺中产生的浓度约30%的硫酸铵溶液排出洗涤塔,可以送到化肥厂进一步处理或直接作为液体氮肥出售。
步骤S6:当废水初液浓缩到NH4+浓度为5000mg/l时,将浓缩液冷却到温度为50℃,然后将冷却浓缩液导出初液蒸发装置。
本发明不仅可以对竹浆洗涤废水进行环保处理,还可以转化为农业肥料,并且添加的锌盐和钴盐提高了肥料中微量元素的含量,有利于农作物生长;在对竹浆洗涤废水处理的过程中,采用了臭氧消毒杀菌以及紫外线杀菌的方式,对竹浆洗涤废水中的微生物以及有害物质进行了有效清除;对竹浆废水蒸馏浓缩所产生的蒸汽,进行回收再利用,在脱硫的同时将硫化物与铵盐结合,制备成铵盐肥料,再次利用。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤S1:将竹浆制浆洗涤废水筛滤、初沉,去除竹浆制浆洗涤废水中的悬浮物,得到废水初液;
步骤S2:将废水初液通入初液蒸发装置,同时向初液蒸发装置中通入pH 调节剂,将废水初液调节至pH 为7-7.5;
步骤S3:调节好pH 后,利用初液蒸发装置对废水初液进行加热浓缩,并调节初液蒸发装置内的气压,使气压维持在0.5MPa;
步骤S4:在加热浓缩的过程中每间隔1小时便向初液蒸发装置中加入微量元素锌和钴,所述锌和钴以易溶于水的锌盐和钴盐的形式存在,锌盐和钴盐添加至竹浆制浆洗涤废水中的浓度为0.001mg/m3-0.01mg/m3;
步骤S5:在加热浓缩过程的同时,向废水初液中通入浓度为100-500mg/m3的臭氧气体,并同时使用紫外线光进行照射;
步骤S6:当废水初液浓缩到NH4 + 浓度为4000mg/l~5000mg/l时,将浓缩液冷却到温度为20-60℃,然后将冷却浓缩液导出初液蒸发装置,用作农业肥料原料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,采用活性炭过滤网对竹浆制浆洗涤废水进行初级筛滤,活性炭过滤网目数为70-130目,然后采用离子交换树脂对竹浆制浆洗涤废水进行二级筛滤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,pH 调节剂选用碳酸钾或者柠檬酸钾。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,锌盐为硝酸锌或氯化锌,钴盐为硝酸钴或碳酸钴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中,采用毛细管超高压水银灯进行紫外线光照射,紫外线光的照射强度为50uw/cm2-120uw/cm2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中,臭氧气体采用外部曝气机通入竹浆制浆洗涤废水中,同时在初液蒸发装置顶部设置气体收集冷却装置,对排出的臭氧气体进行收集的同时冷却蒸发的蒸汽。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种本色竹浆制浆洗涤废水的循环再利用方法,其特征在于,对冷却后的蒸汽进行脱硫处理,其步骤包括:a、排出的蒸汽经蒸汽换热器冷却至90-100℃,进入预洗涤器经洗涤后除去HCL,洗涤后的蒸汽经过液滴分离器除去水滴进入前置洗涤器中;
b、在前置洗涤器中,氨水自塔顶喷淋洗涤蒸汽,蒸汽中的SO2被洗涤吸收除去,经洗涤的蒸汽排出后经液滴分离器除去携带的水滴,进入脱硫洗涤器;
c、在前置洗涤器中蒸汽进一步被洗涤,经洗涤塔顶的除雾器除去雾滴,进入脱硫洗涤器;
再经蒸汽换热器加热后经烟囱排放;洗涤工艺中产生的浓度30%的硫酸铵溶液排出洗涤塔,送到化肥厂进一步处理或直接作为液体氮肥出售。
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