CN107082012A - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107082012A
CN107082012A CN201710063162.3A CN201710063162A CN107082012A CN 107082012 A CN107082012 A CN 107082012A CN 201710063162 A CN201710063162 A CN 201710063162A CN 107082012 A CN107082012 A CN 107082012A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power conversion
motor
vehicle
high voltage
conversion apparatus
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201710063162.3A
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English (en)
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CN107082012B (zh
Inventor
杉崎徹哉
深津友博
藤吉昇
小山梨英子
小栗浩辅
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of CN107082012A publication Critical patent/CN107082012A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0007—Measures or means for preventing or attenuating collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20845—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for automotive electronic casings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/06—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with air cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
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    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/951—Assembly or relative location of components

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Abstract

本发明提供一种车辆，其能确保广阔的车厢内空间，并抑制外部空气温度的影响导致的高电压装置的输出下降、劣化，还能保护高电压装置避免来自外部的冲击。车辆(1)具有：电动机(5、6L、6R)、向电动机(5、6L、6R)供给电力的电池单元(20)、以及在向电动机(5、6L、6R)供给电池单元(20)的电力时转换电力的电力转换单元(30)，电池单元(20)配置在车厢(11)内，电力转换单元(30)配置在车厢(11)外，电池单元(20)和电力转换单元(30)以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用电动机动力行驶的车辆。
背景技术
利用电动机动力行驶的混合动力车辆、电动汽车等车辆通常具有：向电动机供给电力的高电压装置(例如高压电池)、以及在向电动机供给该高电压装置的电力时转换电力的电力转换设备(例如逆变器)。并且，作为这种车辆，公知将高电压装置及电力转换设备配置在车厢内(地板上)的车辆和将高电压装置及电力转换设备配置在车厢外(地板下)的车辆(例如参照专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2006-168600号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
但是，在将高电压装置及电力转换设备配置在车厢内的车辆中，车厢内空间被高电压装置及电力转换设备挤压，可能难以确保广阔的车厢内空间。另一方面，在将高电压装置及电力转换设备配置在车厢外的车辆中，与将高电压装置及电力转换设备配置在车厢内的情况相比，能够确保广阔的车厢内空间，但容易受到外部空气温度的影响的高电压装置被配置在车厢外，因此在外部空气温度的影响下，可能高电压装置的输出下降，高电压装置劣化。此外，还必须充分考虑针对来自外部的冲击的对策。
本发明的目的在于提供一种车辆，其能确保广阔的车厢内空间，并抑制外部空气温度的影响导致的高电压装置的输出下降、劣化，还能保护高电压装置避免来自外部的冲击。
用于解决课题的手段
为了达到上述目的，技术方案1的发明是一种车辆(例如后述的实施方式的车辆1)，其具有：电动机(例如后述的实施方式的前轮驱动用电动机5和后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R)；高电压装置(例如后述的实施方式的高压电池22、电池单元20)，其向该电动机供给电力；以及电力转换设备(例如后述的实施方式的逆变器32、电力转换单元30)，其在向所述电动机供给该高电压装置的电力时转换电力；所述高电压装置配置在车厢(例如后述的实施方式的车厢11)内，所述电力转换设备配置在车厢外，所述高电压装置与所述电力转换设备以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置。
技术方案2的发明是在技术方案1的车辆中，所述高电压装置收纳于设在地板(例如后述的实施方式的地板12)上的凹部(例如后述的实施方式的凹部12a)，所述高电压装置与所述电力转换设备以在高度方向上重合的方式配置。
技术方案3的发明是在技术方案1或2的车辆中，所述高电压装置被空冷，所述电力转换设备被水冷。
技术方案4的发明是在技术方案3的车辆中，还具有为了向辅机或低压类设备供给所述高电压装置的电力而转换电压的电压转换设备(例如后述的实施方式的DC-DC转换器33)，所述电压转换设备与所述电力转换设备一同配置在车厢外，所述电压转换设备与所述电力转换设备一同被水冷。
技术方案5的发明是在技术方案4的车辆中，所述电力转换设备和所述电压转换设备收纳于壳体(例如后述的实施方式的壳体31)中。
技术方案6的发明是在技术方案1至5中的任意一项的车辆中，
所述车辆包含第1电动机(例如后述的实施方式的前轮驱动用电动机5)和第2电动机(例如后述的实施方式的后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R)作为所述电动机，所述第1电动机配置在所述车辆的前部，所述第2电动机配置在所述车辆的后部，所述高电压装置和所述电力转换设备在前后方向上配置在所述第1电动机与所述第2电动机之间。
发明的效果
根据技术方案1的发明，电力转换设备配置在车厢外，因此与将高电压装置和电力转换设备配置在车厢内的情况相比，不仅能确保广阔的车厢内空间，还不需要高频噪声的对策。此外，高电压装置配置在车厢内，因此能抑制外部空气温度的影响导致的高电压装置的输出下降、劣化，还能保护高电压装置避免来自外部的冲击。此外，通过以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置高电压装置和电力转换设备，能够将碰撞对策汇聚在一处，与分离地配置这些高电压装置和电力转换设备的情况相比，不仅能使车辆结构简易化，还能使连接高电压装置与电力转换设备的高压线最短化。
根据技术方案2的发明，高电压装置和电力转换设备以在高度方向上重合的方式配置，因此能在高度方向上确保广阔的车厢内空间。此外，通过将高电压装置和电力转换设备集中配置在地板附近，车辆的重心下降，操向性提高。
根据技术方案3的发明，配置在车厢内的高电压装置被空冷，配置在车厢外的电力转换设备被水冷，因此能采用彼此最合适的冷却结构。
根据技术方案4的发明，与高电压装置相比管理温度较高的电压转换设备和电力转换设备均配置在车厢外并被水冷，因此能根据高电压装置的情况使高电压装置的冷却最优化，其结果是能够扩大高电压装置的使用领域，提高燃料效率、动力性能。
根据技术方案5的发明，电力转换设备和电压转换设备收纳于壳体内而单元化，由此能够使水冷结构简单化。
根据技术方案6的发明，高电压装置和电力转换设备在前后方向上配置在第1电动机与第2电动机之间，因此能缩短从电力转换设备向第1电动机和第2电动机延伸的三相线。并且，高电压装置和电力转换设备配置在车辆中心部，因此车辆中产生的力矩减小，能使车架轻量化。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的主要构成要素的配置的概要俯视图。
图2是示出图1的车辆的高压类设备配设部的沿前后方向的概要剖视图。
图3是示出图1的车辆的高压类设备配设部、燃料箱及后轮驱动用电动机的仰视图。
图4是示出本发明的一个实施方式的电力转换单元的电缆连接状态的立体图。
图5是示出本发明的一个实施方式的电力转换单元的立体图。
图6是从其他方向观察本发明的一个实施方式的电力转换单元的立体图。
图7是示出本发明的一个实施方式的后部三相电缆的俯视图。
图8是沿着图7的A-A线的剖视图。
标号说明
1：车辆；
11：车厢；
12：地板；
12a：凹部；
20：电池单元(高电压装置)；
22：高压电池(高电压装置)；
30：电力转换单元(电力转换设备)；
31：壳体；
32：逆变器(电力转换设备)；
33：DC-DC转换器(电压转换设备)；
5：前轮驱动用电动机(第1电动机)；
6L：左后轮驱动用电动机(第2电动机)；
6R：右后轮驱动用电动机(第2电动机)。
具体实施方式
<车辆>
以下，参照附图来说明本发明的一个实施方式的车辆。另外，附图是沿着标号的方向来观察的，在以下的说明中，关于前后、左右、上下，根据从驾驶员观察的方向，在附图中将车辆的前方作为Fr、后方作为Rr、左侧作为L、右侧作为R、上方作为U、下方作为D示出。
如图1至图3所示，本实施方式的车辆1作为用于使前轮2和后轮3驱动的结构具有：使前轮2驱动的发动机4和前轮驱动用电动机5、使左侧的后轮3驱动的左后轮驱动用电动机6L、使右侧的后轮3驱动的右后轮驱动用电动机6R、向电动机5、6L、6R供给电力的电池单元20、在将电池单元20的电力供给至电动机5、6L、6R时转换电力的电力转换单元30、贮存发动机4的燃料的燃料箱7、以及将发动机4的废气引导至车辆1的后部的排气管4a。发动机4和前轮驱动用电动机5配置在车辆前方的发动机室内，后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R以及燃料箱7配置在车辆后方的地板12下，排气管4a从发动机4向后方通过燃料箱7的右侧后分支，通过后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R的左右进一步向后方延伸。
电池单元20具有：俯视观察时左右方向长的长方体形状的壳体21、收纳于壳体21中并向电动机5、6L、6R供给电力的多个高压电池22、以及冷却高压电池22的冷却机构(未图示)。
高压电池22是管理温度低的被冷却设备，容易受到外部空气温度(包括排气管4a引起的温度上升)的影响。电池单元20的冷却机构为适于管理温度低的被冷却设备的冷却的空冷式，利用车厢11内的空气(本实施方式中是使车厢11内的空气调和的空调装置8的排出冷气)使高压电池22冷却。
电力转换单元30具有：俯视观察时左右方向长的长方体形状的壳体31、收纳于壳体31中并在将电池单元20的电力供给至电动机5、6L、6R时转换电力的多个逆变器32、为了向空调装置8、低压电池(未图示)等供给电池单元20的电力而转换电压的DC-DC转换器33、以及冷却逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33的冷却机构(未图示)。
逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33是管理温度比高压电池22高的被冷却设备，受外部空气温度的影响小。电力转换单元30的冷却机构为适于管理温度高的被冷却设备的冷却的水冷式，利用从散热器9供给的冷却水来使逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33冷却。
如图1和图2所示，电池单元20和电力转换单元30集中配置于在车辆1的中心部确保的高压类设备配设部S。具体而言，在前后方向上，在前轮驱动用电动机5与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R之间确保高压类设备配设部S，在此处以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置电池单元20和电力转换单元30。在高压类设备配设部S与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R之间设有燃料箱7。
如图2所示，电池单元20配置在车厢11内。具体而言，电池单元20收纳于设在地板12的车厢11侧的凹部12a。配置在车厢11内的电池单元20利用调和车厢11内的空气的空调装置8的排出冷气冷却电池单元20内的高压电池22。
另一方面，电力转换单元30配置在车厢11外。具体而言，电力转换单元30配置在电池单元20的后方且地板12的下方。配置在车厢11外的电力转换单元30利用从散热器9经由车厢11外被供给的冷却水来冷却电力转换单元30内的逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33。
在地板12上，在车厢11外侧设有加强地板12的中央横梁13和后横梁14，分别与地板12一同形成闭合截面，由此确保了地板12的刚性。中央横梁13位于电池单元20与电力转换单元30之间，后横梁14位于电力转换单元30与燃料箱7之间。
电池单元20和电力转换单元30夹着地板12而分别配置在车厢11内和车厢11外，并且配置成在高度方向上重合。电池单元20与电力转换单元30的上表面是大致相同的高度，比配置在后方的燃料箱7的上表面低。因此，即使将电池单元20配置在车厢11内，也能够抑制电池单元20向车厢11内伸出。此外，电池单元20与电力转换单元30的底面也是大致相同的高度，且与配置在后方的燃料箱7的底面也是大致相同的高度，也能够抑制向下方伸出。
<电力转换单元的连接器配置>
接着，参照图3至图6，对电力转换单元30的连接器配置进行说明。
如图3至图6所示，电力转换单元30与其他设备的电连接均通过连接器进行。电力转换单元30所具有的连接器包含直流电缆连接器34、前部三相电缆连接器35、后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R、空调用电缆连接器37以及控制用线束连接器38。
直流电缆连接器34经由直流电缆51与电池单元20连接，将从电池单元20供给的直流的高压电力输入至多个逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33。电力转换单元30的壳体31具有从其右侧面30c进一步向右方伸出的突出部31a，在该突出部31a的前表面30d配置有直流电缆连接器34。并且，与直流电缆连接器34连接的直流电缆51通过第一次的弯曲而沿着电力转换单元30的前表面在中央横梁13的下方布线，通过第二次的弯曲而从下方贯穿中央横梁13的贯通孔13a和地板12的贯通孔12b到达车厢11内，并与电池单元20连接。另外，中央横梁13的贯通孔13a与地板12的贯通孔12b在俯视观察时重合。
本实施方式的直流电缆连接器34与低压输出电缆连接器一体化，该低压输出电缆连接器将DC-DC转换器33所转换的低压的电力供给至低压电池等低压类设备。即，本实施方式的直流电缆51包含与电池单元20连接的高压直流线和与低压类设备连接的低压直流线，通过对直流电缆连接器34的连接，不仅能够将电池单元20的电力输入电力转换单元30，还能够将DC-DC转换器33所转换的低压的电力输出至低压电池等低压类设备。
前部三相电缆连接器35经由前部三相电缆52与前轮驱动用电动机5连接，将逆变器32所转换的三相电力供给至前轮驱动用电动机5。本实施方式的前部三相电缆连接器35配置在电力转换单元30的左侧面30b。并且，与前部三相电缆连接器35连接的前部三相电缆52通过第一次的弯曲而向前方通过电池单元20的侧方到达车辆1的前部，通过第二次的弯曲而沿着电池单元20的前表面，通过第三次的弯曲而与前轮驱动用电动机5连接。
后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R经由一对后部三相电缆53L、53R与左右的后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R连接，将逆变器32所转换的三相电力供给至左右的后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R。本实施方式的后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R左右并列地配置在电力转换单元30的后表面30a的左右中央部。并且，与后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R连接的后部三相电缆53L、53R通过后述的燃料箱7的凹部7a而到达车辆1的后部，并与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R连接。
空调用电缆连接器37经由空调用电缆(未图示)与空调装置8连接，将由DC-DC转换器33转换电压后的电力供给至空调装置8。此外，控制用线束连接器38经由控制用线束(未图示)与ECU(未图示)连接，在ECU与逆变器32之间进行控制信号的传输。本实施方式的空调用电缆连接器37和控制用线束连接器38与前部三相电缆连接器35一同配置在电力转换单元30的左侧面30b，通过汇集连接器35、37、38使电缆类的布线作业简易化。
<后部三相电缆的布线>
接着，参照图3，对一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的布线进行说明。
如图3所示，电力转换单元30在与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R对置的后表面30a具有左右的后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R，后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R在与电力转换单元30对置的前表面6c具有左右的后部三相电缆连接器6a、6b。将电力转换单元30的后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R的后部三相电缆连接器6a、6b连接的一对后部三相电缆53L、53R在仰视观察时与配置在电力转换单元30与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R之间的燃料箱7重合。
在燃料箱7的底面上沿着前后方向形成有向上方凹陷的凹部7a。一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的中间部配置在燃料箱7的凹部7a内，由此呈直线状地布线，并且利用燃料箱7进行保护。此外，本实施方式中，通过在燃料箱7的车宽方向中央设置凹部7a，减小了在侧面碰撞时后部三相电缆53L、53R受到的影响。
一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的中间部以在高度方向上并列的方式配置在凹部7a内，并且通过设在凹部7a内的支架7b保持。支架7b具有从下侧(背侧)保持一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的电缆保持部7c，即使后部三相电缆53L、53R欲接触地面，也首先是电缆保持部7c接触地面，由此抑制了后部三相电缆53L、53R损伤。
设在电力转换单元30上的左右的后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R和设在后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R上的左右的后部三相电缆连接器6a、6b均相对于凹部7a在车宽方向上左右对称地配置。由此，能够使一对后部三相电缆53L、53R为同一结构。
<后部三相电缆结构>
接着，参照图7和图8，对后部三相电缆53L、53R的结构进行说明。
如图7和图8所示，后部三相电缆53L、53R是具有防水功能的连接器电缆，分别具有：与电力转换单元30的后部三相电缆连接器36L、36R连接的电力转换侧连接器53a、与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R的后部三相电缆连接器6a、6b连接的电动机侧连接器53b、使电力转换侧连接器53a与电动机侧连接器53b电连接的三相线53c、覆盖三相线53c的波纹管53d、以及将连接器53a、53b与波纹管53d气密地连接的密封用套环53e。
这样具有防水功能的后部三相电缆53L、53R中，为了避免环境温度的变化或自身发热引起的波纹管53d内空气的膨胀、压缩导致波纹管53d或密封用套环53e损伤，要求以能够呼吸的方式构成波纹管53d内的空间。例如，在波纹管53d中设置呼吸管连接部53f，通过该呼吸管连接部53f以能够呼吸的方式构成波纹管53d内的空间。
本实施方式中，在以能够呼吸的方式构成一对后部三相电缆53L、53R时，通过使一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的呼吸结构一体化，能够使结构简易化。具体而言，使一个后部三相电缆53L的波纹管53d内的空间与另一个后部三相电缆53R的波纹管53d内的空间连通，并且在一个后部三相电缆53L的波纹管53d上设置呼吸管连接部53f，通过该呼吸管连接部53f以能够呼吸的方式构成两个后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d内的空间。
本实施方式中，在使一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d内的空间连通时，使用将一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d保持为连接状态的连接套环61。连接套环61具有：在外嵌状态下气密地保持一个后部三相电缆53L的波纹管53d的第1保持部61a、在外嵌状态下气密地保持另一个后部三相电缆53R的波纹管53d的第2保持部61b、以及连结第1保持部61a与第2保持部61b并使第1保持部61a的内部与第2保持部61b的内部连通的连通部61c。在一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d上形成有使波纹管53d内的空间与连接套环61的连通部61c连通的连通孔53g，一对后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d内的空间经由连接套环61连通。
<电力转换单元的呼吸结构>
接着，参照图4，对电力转换单元30的呼吸结构进行说明。
如图4所示，在电力转换单元30中设有用于以能够呼吸的方式构成电力转换单元30内的电子设备收纳空间的呼吸室40。呼吸室40经由通气塞(未图示)与电力转换单元30内的电子设备收纳空间连通，并且经由呼吸嘴41与电力转换单元30外的空间连通。
本实施方式中，使用横跨车厢11的内外而布线的直流电缆51，使呼吸室40与车厢11内的空间连通。直流电缆51具有：与电力转换单元30的直流电缆连接器34连接的电力转换侧连接器51a、与电池单元20侧连接的电池侧端子51ba、与低压类设备侧连接的低压类设备侧端子51bb、使电力转换侧连接器51a与电池侧端子51b以及电力转换侧连接器51a与低压类设备侧端子51bb电连接的直流线51c、覆盖直流线51c的波纹管51d、气密地连接电力转换侧连接器51a与波纹管51d的密封用套环51e、以及设在电力转换侧连接器51a的附近并与波纹管53d内的空间连通的呼吸管连接部51f，呼吸管连接部51f经由呼吸管42与呼吸室40的呼吸嘴41连接。由此，呼吸室40经由呼吸管42和直流电缆51内的空间与车厢11内的空间连通。
并且，本实施方式中，利用电力转换单元30的呼吸室40，以能够呼吸的方式构成后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d内的空间。具体而言，通过呼吸管44将后部三相电缆53L、53R的呼吸管连接部53f与设在呼吸室40上的预备呼吸嘴43连接，使后部三相电缆53L、53R的波纹管53d内的空间经由呼吸室40、呼吸管42以及直流电缆51内的空间与车厢11内的空间连通。
如以上所说明那样，根据本实施方式的车辆1，电力转换单元30配置在车厢11外，因此与将电池单元20和电力转换单元30配置在车厢11内的情况相比，不仅能确保广阔的车厢11内空间，还不需要高频噪声的对策。此外，电池单元20配置在车厢11内，因此能抑制外部空气温度的影响导致的高压电池22的输出下降、劣化，还能保护高电压装置避免来自外部的冲击。
此外，通过以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置电池单元20和电力转换单元30，能够将碰撞对策汇聚在一处，因此与分离地配置这些电池单元20和电力转换单元30的情况相比，不仅能使车辆结构简易化，还能使连接电池单元20与电力转换单元30的直流电缆51最短。
此外，电池单元20和电力转换单元30以在高度方向上重合的方式配置，因此能在高度方向上确保广阔的车厢11内空间。此外，通过将电池单元20和电力转换单元30集中配置在地板12附近，车辆1的重心下降，操向性提高。
此外，配置在车厢11内的电池单元20被空冷，配置在车厢11外的电力转换单元30被水冷，因此能采用彼此最合适的冷却结构。
此外，与高压电池22相比管理温度较高的逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33均配置在车厢11外并被水冷，因此能根据高压电池22的情况使高压电池22的冷却最优化，其结果是能够扩大高压电池22的使用领域，提高燃料效率、动力性能。
此外，逆变器32和DC-DC转换器33收纳于相同的壳体31内而单元化，由此能够使水冷结构简单化。
此外，电池单元20和电力转换单元30在前后方向上配置在前轮驱动用电动机5与后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R之间，因此能缩短从电力转换单元30向前轮驱动用电动机5和后轮驱动用电动机6L、6R延伸的三相电缆52、53L、53R。并且，电池单元20和电力转换单元30配置在车辆1的中心部，因此车辆1中产生的力矩减小，能使车架轻量化。
另外，本发明并不限定于上述实施方式，能够进行适当的变形、改良等。例如，前述实施方式的车辆具有前轮驱动用电动机和后轮驱动用电动机来作为电动机，但可以是其中任意一方。此外，也可以是兼用于前轮和后轮的驱动的电动机。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆，该车辆具有：
电动机；
高电压装置，其向该电动机供给电力；以及
电力转换设备，其在向所述电动机供给该高电压装置的电力时转换电力，
所述高电压装置配置在车厢内，
所述电力转换设备配置在车厢外，
所述高电压装置与所述电力转换设备以在前后方向上相邻的方式配置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，
所述高电压装置收纳于设在地板上的凹部，
所述高电压装置与所述电力转换设备以在高度方向上重合的方式配置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，
所述高电压装置被空冷，
所述电力转换设备被水冷。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆还具有为了向辅机或低压类设备供给所述高电压装置的电力而转换电压的电压转换设备，
所述电压转换设备与所述电力转换设备一同配置在车厢外，
所述电压转换设备与所述电力转换设备一同被水冷。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆，其中，
所述电力转换设备和所述电压转换设备收纳于壳体中。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任意一项所述的车辆，其中，
所述车辆包含第1电动机和第2电动机作为所述电动机，
所述第1电动机配置在所述车辆的前部，
所述第2电动机配置在所述车辆的后部，
所述高电压装置和所述电力转换设备在前后方向上配置在所述第1电动机与所述第2电动机之间。
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CN107082012B (zh) 2019-06-18
US20170232866A1 (en) 2017-08-17

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