CN107081334A - The method of safe Planting Crops on soil polluted by manganese - Google Patents

The method of safe Planting Crops on soil polluted by manganese Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107081334A
CN107081334A CN201710437486.9A CN201710437486A CN107081334A CN 107081334 A CN107081334 A CN 107081334A CN 201710437486 A CN201710437486 A CN 201710437486A CN 107081334 A CN107081334 A CN 107081334A
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soil
manganese
crops
safe
phytolacca acinosa
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CN201710437486.9A
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陈国梁
冯涛
陈章
李志贤
陈远其
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese.This method comprises the following steps:Stalk is soaked 1~2 day in alkaline solution, pulls out and is pyrolyzed 1~2 hour after 200~600 DEG C under hypoxemia or anoxia condition, is crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtains improveing straw biological charcoal.Improvement straw biological charcoal is applied on the soil of pollution by manganese and Phytolacca acinosa, Phytolacca acinosa dispersion plantation is planted.Next year after Phytolacca acinosa growth, in the intercrop crops of Phytolacca acinosa plant.The present invention is in the way of applying and interplant other crops again after improvement straw biological charcoal, plantation manganese super enriching plant Phytolacca acinosa, there is provided it is a kind of can on Mn contaminated soils safe Planting Crops method, it can also be kept the safety in production while realizing and repair Mn contaminated soils, so as to obtain higher land use value.

Description

The method of safe Planting Crops on soil polluted by manganese
Technical field
The present invention relates to Polluted Soil process field, more particularly to a kind of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese Method.
Background technology
Manganese (Mn) is just being produced in China, consumed at an unprecedented rate as a kind of important mineral resources.With The exploitation of manganese ore and the unordered discharge of " three wastes ", cause the content of beary metal in Soil Surrounding based on Mn too high, and acid rain etc. is outer Soil acidification can also make soluble M n concentration increase in soil caused by boundary's factor.Mn in soil can excessively reduce plant life Force of labor, influence its yield and quality.Existing research shows that excessively some must to Ca, Mg, Fe etc. by suppression plant by Mn in soil The absorption of element is needed, the synthesis for ultimately resulting in chlorophyll is reduced, and photosynthetic efficiency declines;Meanwhile, Mn also can be to the cell membrane of cell Damage, destroy the normal operation of intracellular protective enzyme, or even replace activity trace element in some enzymes and send out enzymatic activity It is raw to change, so as to cause plant internal physiological biochemical process to be lacked of proper care, influence the productivity and yield of plant.Mn pollutions have become The important factor of crop growth is limited in acid soil in the south, tremendous influence is caused to agricultural production.In addition, agriculture exceeded Mn Crop most influences the health of human body by food chain at last.Therefore the cumulant of Mn in crops how is effectively reduced, is farming The safety plantation of thing provides effective way has turned into the problem urgently to be resolved hurrily that current China faces.
The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to which the problem of influenceing proportion of crop planting for soil polluted by manganese is there is provided one kind in soil polluted by manganese The method of upper safe Planting Crops.
A kind of method of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese, comprises the following steps:
Stalk is soaked 24~48 hours in alkaline solution, pulled out after 200~600 DEG C of heat under hypoxemia or anoxia condition Solution 1~2 hour, is crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtains improveing straw biological charcoal.
Improvement straw biological charcoal is applied on the soil of pollution by manganese, and plants Phytolacca acinosa, Phytolacca acinosa dispersion plantation.
Next year after Phytolacca acinosa growth, in the intercrop crops of Phytolacca acinosa plant.
Further, alkaline solution is saturated limewater.
Further, stalk includes the one or more in rice straw, maize straw, wheat stalk and rape stalk.
Further, the particle diameter of straw biological charcoal is improved<0.5mm.
Further, the step of applying of improvement straw biological charcoal includes:
Deep ploughed 10~30cm on the soil of pollution by manganese, and modification biological charcoal is applied by 30~120kg/ mus, and carefully ploughs 1~2 It is secondary.
Further, Phytolacca acinosa is planted using live or cultivating seedlings and transplanting method.
Further, Phytolacca acinosa opens basin listing, is sowed with 60~120cm of line-spacing × 30cm specifications, every bunch planting kind 5~6, Rear 1~3cm of blinding is broadcast, when waiting 10~15cm of height of seedling, 1~3 plant of seedling is stayed per cave.
Further, also include removing unnecessary flower tongue and unnecessary branches and leaves in Phytolacca acinosa developmental process.
Further, the soil of pollution by manganese is acid soil, preferably red soil.
Further, crops are the crops for liking cloudy or high bar, preferably corn and soybean or rape.
The method of above-mentioned Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese, is pyrolyzed after stalk is soaked in alkaline solution, Obtained straw biological charcoal duct quantity can on the one hand accordingly increased, specific surface area increase, the biological carbon surface-OH of increase etc. Functional group, increase include fixing effects of the Mn in interior heavy metal to soil.On the other hand contain obtained straw biological charcoal There is more basic functionality, improve acid soil such as red soil while applying, the rise of soil pH is conducive to including Mn existing Interior Heavy Metals reduce the biological effectiveness of Manganese In Soils to stable Forms Transformation, reduce it to bio-toxicity, favorably In the growth of plant, the yield and quality of crop is improved.Again by the super enriching plant Phytolacca acinosa of manganese to the activity that is remained in soil Manganese is enriched with so that the manganese content in the crop being planted between Phytolacca acinosa is substantially reduced, so as to realize the purpose of safety plantation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of Planting Crops method safe on soil polluted by manganese;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of rice straw charcoal and improvement improvement straw biological charcoal;BC is that rice straw is biological Charcoal;BC-Ca is improvement rice straw charcoal.
Embodiment
A kind of reference picture 1, method of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese, comprises the following steps:
Stalk is soaked 24~48 hours in alkaline solution, pulled out after 200~600 DEG C of heat under hypoxemia or anoxia condition Solution 1~2 hour, is crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtains improveing straw biological charcoal.
The improvement straw biological charcoal is applied on the soil of pollution by manganese, and plants Phytolacca acinosa, the Phytolacca acinosa dispersion plantation.
Next year after Phytolacca acinosa growth, in the intercrop crops of Phytolacca acinosa plant.
China can generate more than 700,000,000 tons of stalk every year as large agricultural country, and largely stalk more than needed turns into " use is little " but must " discarded object " that must be disposed.Charcoal (Biochar) be biomass raw material (such as stalk) under conditions of hypoxemia or anoxic, The rich charcoal porous mass generated after being pyrolyzed through certain temperature.The carbon containing high, hole of charcoal is flourishing, specific surface area is big, property is stable, Had a wide range of applications in restoration of the ecosystem, agricultural and field of Environment Protection.Charcoal is added in soil, can not only increase soil Fertility, moreover it is possible to hold the heavy metal and organic pollution in soil, reduce its biological effectiveness.
But without the straw biological charcoal duct negligible amounts of improved treatment, biological carbon surface-OH number of functional groups has Limit, thus its fixing effect to the heavy metal including the Mn in soil is poor.It is therefore desirable to further be improved to it, Strengthen its performance, improve its application value.Applicant is had found first, and stalk is first soaked to pre- place before pyrolysis in saturated limewater Reason, the biocompatibility and increase that can improve its obtained charcoal includes fixing energy of the Mn in interior heavy metal to soil Power.Applied in soil polluted by manganese after improvement straw biological charcoal, improve treatment effect.
Stalk is pyrolyzed after being soaked in alkaline solution, on the one hand can make obtained straw biological charcoal, and duct quantity is corresponding Increase, specific surface area increase, biological carbon surface-OH of increase etc. functional group increases to the huge sum of money including Mn in soil The fixing effect of category, reference picture 2, Fig. 2 is through the pretreated rice straw surface characteristics figure of saturated limewater.On the other hand make The more basic functionality that obtained straw biological charcoal contains, can improve acid soil, be conducive to the growth of plant, improve and make The yield and quality of thing.In addition, the Heavy Metals that the rise of soil pH is also beneficial to including Mn turn to stable form Change, reduce the biological effectiveness of Manganese In Soils, reduce it to bio-toxicity.
And Phytolacca herbaceos perennial, it is that a kind of biomass is big, growth is fast, geographical distribution is wide, adaptable manganese Super enriching plant, can all grow, Korea, Japan, India are also distributed in the most area of China.Its well developed root system, root meat Matter is sturdy, and distribution is deep and wide, and shoot and leaf growth is quickly in great numbers, with the effect of good water conservation soil conservation.
It is preferred that, placed 55~65 days after improvement straw biological charcoal being applied on the soil of pollution by manganese, so that improvement stalk Charcoal reaches a comparatively ideal effect to the fixing effect of heavy metal in soil.When Phytolacca acinosa is planted, kept between each plant Certain interval.To plant convenient and being easy to subsequently interplant crops, Phytolacca acinosa can be distributed plantation line by line.The time of Phytolacca acinosa sowing The crops such as corn for liking cloudy or high bar can be planted between Phytolacca acinosa plant by Second Year after 2 annual~March, plantation, Soybean, rape.The implantation methods of crops and the line-spacing of crop plant refer to it and are directly planted in be not contaminated normally Soil method, implantation time can refer to crops plantation season.
There is provided one kind in the way of applying and interplant other crops again after improvement straw biological charcoal, plantation Phytolacca acinosa by the present invention Can on Mn contaminated soils safe Planting Crops method, realize repair Mn contaminated soils while can also keep the safety in production, So as to obtain higher land use value.
The method of above-mentioned Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese, is pyrolyzed after stalk is soaked in alkaline solution, Obtained straw biological charcoal duct quantity can on the one hand accordingly increased, specific surface area increase, the biological carbon surface-OH of increase etc. Functional group, increase include fixing effects of the Mn in interior heavy metal to soil.On the other hand contain obtained straw biological charcoal There is more basic functionality, improve acid soil such as red soil while applying, the rise of soil pH is also beneficial to include Mn Heavy Metals inside reduce the biological effectiveness of Manganese In Soils, reduce it to bio-toxicity, have to stable Forms Transformation Beneficial to the growth of plant, the yield and quality of crop is improved.Work by the super enriching plant Phytolacca acinosa of manganese to being remained in soil again Property manganese be enriched with so that the manganese content in the crop being planted between Phytolacca acinosa is substantially reduced, thus realize safety plantation purpose.
Further, alkaline solution is saturated limewater.Stalk is handled using saturated limewater, cost compares It is low, and the influence to environment is smaller, it is more environmentally friendly.
Further, stalk includes the one or more in rice straw, maize straw, wheat stalk and rape stalk.
Stalk is as a kind of agricultural wastes, and above-mentioned several stalk cultivated areas are wide, and the scale of construction is big, thus application surface is wider.
Further, the step of applying of improvement straw biological charcoal includes:
Deep ploughed 10~30cm on the soil of pollution by manganese, and modification biological charcoal is applied by 30~120kg/ mus, and carefully ploughs 1~2 It is secondary.
The root length of crops is most between 10~30cm,>Mn influences little to crops in 30cm soil layers, too shallow Then it is unfavorable for root growth.Therefore, only 10~30cm topsoil need to be handled just can be with, thus reduce labour and Material resources are consumed.
Further, Phytolacca acinosa is planted using live or cultivating seedlings and transplanting method.
Further, Phytolacca acinosa opens basin listing, is sowed with 60~120cm of line-spacing × 30cm specifications, every bunch planting kind 5~6, Rear 1~3cm of blinding is broadcast, when waiting 10~15cm of height of seedling, 1~3 plant of seedling is stayed per cave.
Phytolacca acinosa plant line space is 60~120cm or so, and often the distance of capable plant is 30cm or so.
Further, also include removing unnecessary flower tongue and unnecessary branches and leaves in Phytolacca acinosa developmental process.
6~August of Phytolacca acinosa is bloomed, in addition to the person of reserving seed for planting, and can all cut flower tongue, is reduced to nutrient consumption in soil.In addition The growing state of Phytolacca acinosa and crops can also be regarded, the unnecessary branches and leaves of Phytolacca acinosa are cut, unnecessary branches and leaves can be with by compost treatment For making organic fertilizer containing manganese.
Further, the soil of pollution by manganese is acid soil, such as red soil.
Further, crops are the crops such as corn and soybean or rape for liking cloudy or high bar.
Embodiment 1
Maize straw is soaked 48 hours in saturated limewater, pulled out after the lower 200 DEG C of pyrolysis of anoxia condition 3 hours, Crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtain improveing cornstalk biological charcoal.
Embodiment 2
Wheat stalk is soaked 48 hours in saturated limewater, pulled out after the lower 300 DEG C of pyrolysis of anoxia condition 2 hours, Crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtain improveing wheat straw biologic charcoal.
Embodiment 3
Rice straw is soaked 36 hours in saturated limewater, pulled out small after the lower 400 DEG C of pyrolysis 1.5 of anoxia condition When, crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtain improveing rice straw charcoal.
Embodiment 4
Rape stalk is soaked 24 hours in saturated limewater, pulled out after the lower 600 DEG C of pyrolysis of anoxia condition 1 hour, Crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtain improveing rape stalk charcoal.
Comparative example 1
Rice straw is pyrolyzed 1.5 hours for 400 DEG C under anoxic conditions, is crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtains rice straw life Thing charcoal.
Data characterization
The improvement rice straw charcoal of Example 3 and the rice straw charcoal of comparative example 1 carry out electron-microscope scanning, sweep Retouch result as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, BC is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of rice straw charcoal;BC-Ca is through limewash dipping pretreatment Obtained improvement rice straw charcoal.Comparing can find improvement rice straw charcoal compared to the biological carbon surface of rice straw Pore structure it is more flourishing.
The improvement rice straw charcoal of Example 3 and the rice straw charcoal of comparative example 1 carry out pH, BET and compare table Area and surface oxygen functional group test.Test result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 improves the basic physical and chemical of rice straw charcoal and rice straw charcoal
The measure of charcoal specific surface area uses specific surface instrument.
The measure of charcoal surface oxygen functional group content uses Boehm titrations:100mL conical flasks 3 are taken, are added respectively Enter the corresponding charcoals of 0.5g and 25mL 0.1mol/L NaHCO3、Na2CO3, HCl standard liquids, in constant-temperature table at 25 DEG C Shake after 48h, 10min is centrifuged with 4000r/min, take filtrate 10mL to move into 100mL conical flasks, add 20mL ultra-pure waters, use Remaining reagent, determines and calculates what unit mass charcoal was consumed in calibrated 0.1mol/L NaOH titration filtrates NaHCO3、Na2CO3With NaOH amount, and finally calculate and obtain the quantity of each group.
Basic group quantity=HCl solution consumption;
Carboxyl quantity=NaHCO3Solution consumption amount;
Phenolic hydroxyl group amount=NaOH solution consumption-Na2CO3Solution consumption amount.
The result of table 1 shows that the duct quantity for improveing rice straw charcoal accordingly increases, and specific surface area is significantly increased ,- The quantity of OH functional groups is significantly improved, and surface oxygen functional group is also accordingly lifted.
Field test
Experiment soil is red soil, and pH is 5.0~6.0.Mn contents measured value is 4592mg/kg in soil, and every mu is applied respectively With the improvement rice straw charcoal (BC-Ca) of 0,30,60,90,120kg embodiment 3, start to plant business after placing 55~65 days Land, Phytolacca acinosa opens basin listing, is sowed with line-spacing 50cm × 30cm specifications, every bunch planting kind 5, broadcasts rear blinding 2cm, waits height of seedling 15cm When, stay 2 plants of seedling per cave.Next year after Phytolacca acinosa growth, in the intercrop crops of Phytolacca acinosa plant.
Set simultaneously unprocessed (CK), Phytolacca acinosa+crops, using straw biological charcoal (BC)+crops for not improveing and Using the control group of straw biological charcoal (BC-Ca)+crops of improvement.Do not plant the control group of Phytolacca acinosa wherein, Phytolacca acinosa can be planted Strain is replaced by corresponding crops.
Result of the test is as shown in table 2.
The field test results of table 2
* BC is the rice straw charcoal without limewash immersion treatment;Paddy rice of the BC-Ca through limewash dipping pretreatment Straw biological charcoal, CK is undressed control group.
Show a kind of method of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese disclosed by the invention from the result of the test of table 2 The content and biological effectiveness of Mn in soil can be not only reduced, the cumulant of Mn in crops is substantially reduced, can also be improved Soil and the yield of increase crops, safe Planting Crops while reparation Mn contaminated soils are realized, so as to obtain higher Land use value.The present invention provides a kind of new approach for the safety plantation of crops on soil polluted by manganese.
The assay method of corresponding manganese element is as follows:
The measure of manganese total amount in soil, plant:Weigh a certain amount of sample HClO4-HNO3After clearing up, inhaled with NITRATE BY FLAME ATOMIC Receipts method is determined.
The analysis of residual form manganese form in soil:The occurrence patterns of Manganese In Soils can be carried out using chemical successive extraction method Separation, water-soluble state, exchangeable species, carbonate combine state, combination can be divided into according to the species and stripping capacity of extractant State and residual form.Extractant system (1~4) as shown in table 3 is continuously carried to various form manganese present in soil successively Take, the soil sample HClO finally obtained4-HNO3Clear up, then with flame atomic absorption spectrometry and calculate residual form manganese in soil Content.
Table 3 extracts system
Embodiment described above only expresses the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it describes more specific and detailed, but simultaneously Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention Protect scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method of Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Stalk is soaked 24~48 hours in alkaline solution, pulled out after 200~600 DEG C of pyrolysis 1 under hypoxemia or anoxia condition ~2 hours, crushed after pyrolysis cooling, obtain improveing straw biological charcoal;
The improvement straw biological charcoal is applied on the soil of pollution by manganese, and plants Phytolacca acinosa, the Phytolacca acinosa dispersion plantation;
Next year after the Phytolacca acinosa growth, in the intercrop crops of Phytolacca acinosa plant.
2. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the alkali Property solution be saturated limewater.
3. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the straw Stalk includes the one or more in rice straw, maize straw, wheat stalk and rape stalk.
4. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, the improvement straw biological The particle diameter of charcoal<0.5mm.
5. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to change The step of applying of good straw biological charcoal includes:
Deep plough 10~30cm on the soil of pollution by manganese, applies modification biological charcoal by 30~120kg/ mus, and carefully plough 1~2 time.
6. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the business Lu Caiyong is live or cultivating seedlings and transplanting method is planted.
7. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the business Basin listing is opened in land, is sowed with 60~120cm of line-spacing × 30cm specifications, every bunch planting kind 5~6, is broadcast rear 1~3cm of blinding, is waited seedling During high 10~15cm, 1~3 plant of seedling is stayed per cave.
8. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the business Also include removing unnecessary flower tongue and unnecessary branches and leaves in the developmental process of land.
9. the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the manganese Contaminated soil is acid soil, preferably red soil.
10. according to the method for Planting Crops safe on soil polluted by manganese according to any one of claims 1 to 9, it is special Levy and be, the crops are the crops for liking cloudy or high bar, preferably corn and soybean or rape.
CN201710437486.9A 2017-06-12 2017-06-12 The method of safe Planting Crops on soil polluted by manganese Pending CN107081334A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109365494A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-02-22 江门市邑凯环保服务有限公司 A kind of plant restoration method for administering cadmium manganese chromium combined contamination soil
CN109675917A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-26 安徽蓝鼎环保能源科技有限公司 A method of utilizing agricultural crop straw rehabilitating soil
CN111438175A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-07-24 中南林业科技大学 Method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining modifier and plants
CN111545194A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-18 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Carbon-based manganese composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN115780499A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-03-14 四川农业大学 Method for restoring manganese-polluted soil

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CN104550208A (en) * 2013-10-12 2015-04-29 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 Farmland soil heavy metal pollution restoration method through coupling activating and passivating
CN105985779A (en) * 2016-02-24 2016-10-05 凤阳徽亨商贸有限公司 Soil restoration agent capable of inhibiting heavy metal diffusion pollution

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CN102240664A (en) * 2011-05-11 2011-11-16 湖南科技大学 Method for restoring soil polluted by manganese
CN104550208A (en) * 2013-10-12 2015-04-29 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 Farmland soil heavy metal pollution restoration method through coupling activating and passivating
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109365494A (en) * 2018-11-30 2019-02-22 江门市邑凯环保服务有限公司 A kind of plant restoration method for administering cadmium manganese chromium combined contamination soil
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CN109675917A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-26 安徽蓝鼎环保能源科技有限公司 A method of utilizing agricultural crop straw rehabilitating soil
CN111438175A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-07-24 中南林业科技大学 Method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining modifier and plants
CN111545194A (en) * 2020-06-03 2020-08-18 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Carbon-based manganese composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN111545194B (en) * 2020-06-03 2021-04-27 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 Carbon-based manganese composite material and preparation method and application thereof
CN115780499A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-03-14 四川农业大学 Method for restoring manganese-polluted soil

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