CN111438175A - Method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining modifier and plants - Google Patents
Method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining modifier and plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN111438175A CN111438175A CN202010283051.5A CN202010283051A CN111438175A CN 111438175 A CN111438175 A CN 111438175A CN 202010283051 A CN202010283051 A CN 202010283051A CN 111438175 A CN111438175 A CN 111438175A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
A method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining a modifier and plants comprises the following steps: a, adding a vermiculite modifier into the manganese slag according to the weight percentage of 5-15%, uniformly ploughing repeatedly, and activating to obtain modifier activated soil; b, planting perennial heavy metal resistant fast-growing woody plant paulownia in the soil activated by the conditioner to realize phytoremediation of the heavy metal in the soil; and C, periodically ploughing the soil, increasing the soil loosening degree, and periodically monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the change trend of the heavy metal content in the soil and woody plants. The invention selects vermiculite with ion exchange capacity as an inorganic modifier of manganese slag, realizes high-efficiency ecological restoration of heavy metal polluted soil such as manganese slag and the like by mainly fixing the modifier and assisting in plant absorption and extraction, and increases the total manganese absorption amount by 5-6 times after the modifier is added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, in particular to a method for remediating manganese ore residues by combining a modifier and plants.
Background
The manganese ore contaminated soil treatment method mainly comprises the following two methods: (1) removing heavy metals in the soil to reduce the content of the heavy metals in the soil; (2) the existing form of the heavy metal in the soil is changed, so that the bioavailability of the heavy metal in the soil is weakened, and the damage of manganese ore to organisms is reduced. The currently common technical methods mainly comprise physical repair, biological repair and chemical repair technologies. Generally, physical repair stability is good, but workload is large and cost is high. Chemical remediation techniques are mature, however, the addition of chemical agents may lead to secondary contamination. The bioremediation method is mainly divided into a microbial remediation technology and a plant remediation technology, wherein the plant remediation technology utilizes the characteristic that a plant can tolerate or super-enrich a certain element or elements, and reduces or eliminates pollutants through the combined action of the plant and a microbial system coexisting with the plant; the plant repairing technology has good effect and low cost, and is suitable for engineering application.
CN104289504B discloses a comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil. Adopts the woody fast-growing trees of paulownia fortunei and paulownia fortunei which have obvious fixation effect on various heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and the like2+The comprehensive plant restoration technology combining herbaceous plant Elsholtzia splendens with ultra-accumulation effect and high growth speed is assisted by animal (earthworm) restoration technology to achieve the highest effect of removing heavy metal pollution of soil, but the restoration method needs to regularly collect earthworms and put in new earthworm seeds, is complex to operate, and is difficult to realize large-scale restoration of heavy metal polluted soil such as manganese ore slag.
However, the manganese slag has high heavy metal content, strong toxicity, poor soil physical and chemical properties and difficult phytoremediation. Some herbaceous plants are reported to have good adaptability to manganese ores and strong absorption and transport capacity to manganese metal, but are affected by low biomass of herbaceous plants, and the total extraction amount is limited. In addition, heavy metals absorbed by plants run the risk of re-entering the environment through the food chain. Therefore, a method for repairing manganese slag by combining a modifier capable of improving the biomass of herbaceous plants and adjusting the physical and chemical indexes of soil with herbaceous plants is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the modifier and the plant combined repairing method for the manganese ore slag, which are simple to operate, low in cost and good in heavy metal repairing effect, by screening out the modifier which can efficiently solidify heavy metals, reduce the content of heavy metals in an acid extractable state, improve the physicochemical property of soil polluted by the heavy metals such as the manganese ore slag, reduce the growth inhibition effect of the heavy metals on plants and efficiently absorb the woody plants of the heavy metals such as manganese.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining a modifier and plants comprises the following steps:
a, adding a vermiculite modifier into the manganese slag according to the weight percentage of 5-15%, uniformly ploughing repeatedly, and activating to obtain modifier activated soil;
planting a perennial heavy metal resistant fast-growing woody plant paulownia fortunei in the modifier activated soil to realize phytoremediation of the heavy metal in the soil;
and C, periodically ploughing the soil, increasing the soil loosening degree, and periodically monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the change trend of the heavy metal content in the soil and woody plants.
The method for jointly repairing the manganese slag by using the modifying agent and the plants also comprises the following steps of pretreatment of the manganese slag before the step A: and (3) naturally drying the manganese slag sample, and grinding the manganese slag sample until the particle size is less than or equal to 100 meshes for later use.
Further, the method for jointly repairing the manganese slag by using the modifying agent and the plants also comprises the following steps: and (4) regularly observing the growth characteristics of the paulownia fortunei, and replanting the dead paulownia fortunei.
In an exemplary embodiment, the activation period in step A is 7-15 days.
In a certain exemplary embodiment, the addition amount of the vermiculite in the step A is 5-15% of the weight of the soil to be repaired of the manganese slag.
In an exemplary embodiment, the specific operations of step B are: selecting annual paulownia fortunei, and planting water in the annual paulownia fortunei to be stable for one week; and then transplanting paulownia fortunei to the soil activated by the uniformly mixed modifier in the step A, wherein the planting of paulownia fortunei specifically comprises the following steps: transplanting the annual seedlings of the paulownia fortunei by adopting an interlaced hole planting mode, wherein the row spacing is 3.5 meters, the plant spacing is 1.8 meters, and the hole digging and field planting are carried out, the hole diameter is 0.8 meter, and the hole depth is 0.6 meter. After transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated once to permeate water so that the root systems of the seedlings are combined with the soil more tightly, a layer of thin soil is immediately cultivated after irrigation to prevent soil hardening and desiccation, and watering is carried out in time in combination with weather conditions later so as to avoid drought.
The method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the beneficial effects that:
the vermiculite with ion exchange capacity is selected as the inorganic modifier of the manganese slag, the vermiculite as the modifier plays a role in fixing heavy metals such as manganese in the manganese slag, the bioavailability of Mn in soil is reduced, namely the biological toxicity of Mn in soil is reduced by changing the form of Mn in soil, the biomass of woody plants planted on the contaminated soil such as the manganese slag is promoted to be increased, and the absorption of Mn by the woody plants paulownia fortunei is further promoted, namely, the efficient ecological restoration of the contaminated soil of the heavy metals such as the manganese slag is realized by mainly fixing and mainly taking the plant absorption and extraction effects as assistance through the modifier, and the total manganese absorption amount of the paulownia fortunei after the modifier is added is increased by 5-6 times. Especially, the content of acid extractable manganese element in the soil is reduced by 35 to 46 percent.
The vermiculite used as the modifier influences the form of the heavy metal by adjusting the physical and chemical properties such as soil pH, water conditions and the like, and can also influence the activity of the heavy metal by the actions such as adsorption, precipitation or coprecipitation.
The screened woody plant paulownia fortunei has certain tolerance to manganese ore, is a typical economic fast-growing tree species and has higher economic value, so the screened woody plant paulownia fortunei has the advantage of being used as a restoration plant of manganese ore residue.
The woody plant and the manganese slag are combined for ecological restoration, so that the heavy metal pollution problem can be solved, the ecological environment can be improved, the landscape and economic value advantages of the woody plant can be embodied, and the economic benefit can be provided for ecological environment treatment. The woody plant has large biomass and fast growth, is more convenient in restoration treatment and later-stage management, and can better realize multiple utilization of resources.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The manganese slag used in the following examples of the invention is from a manganese ore electrolytic manganese tailing pond in Hunan pond, Hunan province, and has a slag pH value of 7.71, an organic matter content of 21.7 mg/g and a manganese content of 26520 mg/kg. The paulownia fortunei is a 1-year-old seedling which is purchased in the peripheral flower market.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE (CK)
In the prior art, the method for repairing manganese slag by using plants comprises the following steps:
a, repeatedly and uniformly ploughing the manganese slag (namely, not adding a modifier into the manganese slag), standing for 7 days, and mainly operating as follows:
b, planting perennial heavy metal resistant fast-growing woody plant paulownia fortunei in the soil activated in the step A to realize phytoremediation of heavy metals in the soil;
selecting annual paulownia fortunei, and planting water in the annual paulownia fortunei to be stable for one week; and then transplanting paulownia fortunei to the soil activated by the uniformly mixed modifier in the step A, wherein the planting of paulownia fortunei specifically comprises the following steps: transplanting the annual seedlings of the paulownia fortunei by adopting an interlaced hole planting mode, wherein the row spacing is 3.5 meters, the plant spacing is 1.8 meters, and the hole digging and field planting are carried out, the hole diameter is 0.8 meter, and the hole depth is 0.6 meter. After transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated once to permeate water so that the root systems of the seedlings are combined with the soil more tightly, a layer of thin soil is immediately cultivated after irrigation to prevent soil hardening and desiccation, and watering is carried out in time in combination with weather conditions later so as to avoid drought.
C, periodically ploughing the soil, increasing the soil loosening degree, and periodically monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the change trend of the heavy metal content in the soil and woody plants; the operation of which comprises
1) The soil is ploughed regularly, and the soil loosening degree is increased;
2) monitoring the physical and chemical properties of soil and the content of heavy metal in each form at regular intervals;
example 1
The method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants comprises the following steps:
a, adding a vermiculite modifier into the manganese slag according to 10 percent of the weight percentage, uniformly ploughing repeatedly, and activating for 7 days to obtain modifier activated soil, wherein the main operations are as follows:
(1) selecting proper vermiculite;
(2) pretreatment of manganese slag: naturally air-drying a manganese slag sample, and grinding the manganese slag sample until the particle size is less than or equal to 100 meshes for later use;
(3) adding vermiculite according to 10% of the weight percentage of the manganese slag, mixing the modifier vermiculite and the heavy metal contaminated soil of the manganese slag, uniformly ploughing repeatedly, and activating for one week.
B, planting perennial heavy metal resistant fast-growing woody plant paulownia fortunei in the soil activated in the step A to realize phytoremediation of heavy metals in the soil;
selecting annual paulownia fortunei, and planting water in the annual paulownia fortunei to be stable for one week; and then transplanting paulownia fortunei to the soil activated by the uniformly mixed modifier in the step A, wherein the planting of paulownia fortunei specifically comprises the following steps: transplanting the annual seedlings of the paulownia fortunei by adopting an interlaced hole planting mode, wherein the row spacing is 3.5 meters, the plant spacing is 1.8 meters, and the hole digging and field planting are carried out, the hole diameter is 0.8 meter, and the hole depth is 0.6 meter. After transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated once to permeate water so that the root systems of the seedlings are combined with the soil more tightly, a layer of thin soil is immediately cultivated after irrigation to prevent soil hardening and desiccation, and watering is carried out in time in combination with weather conditions later so as to avoid drought.
C, periodically ploughing the soil, increasing the soil loosening degree, and periodically monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the change trend of the heavy metal content in the soil and woody plants; the operation of which comprises
1) The soil is ploughed regularly, and the soil loosening degree is increased;
2) and (5) monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the content of heavy metals in each form at regular intervals.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the following differences:
the addition amount of vermiculite is 5% of the weight of manganese slag.
Example 3
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the following differences:
the addition amount of vermiculite is 8% of the weight of manganese slag.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the following differences:
the addition amount of vermiculite is 12% of the weight of manganese slag.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the following differences:
the addition amount of vermiculite is 15% of the weight of manganese slag.
Example 6
Compared with the embodiment 1, the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants has the following differences:
the method for jointly repairing the manganese slag by using the modifying agent and the plants further comprises the following steps: and (4) regularly observing the growth characteristics of the paulownia fortunei, and replanting the dead paulownia fortunei. Monitoring and statistically analyzing the organic matter content, the pH value and the bioavailable manganese content of the soil in the repair period of the manganese slag contaminated soil treated by the methods in the control examples and the examples 1 to 6, the plant increment and the plant heavy metal accumulation amount of the woody paulownia alba, wherein the physicochemical properties of the manganese slag contaminated soil after one year of repair, the growth condition and the heavy metal accumulation amount of the paulownia alba are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis table of properties of manganese slag contaminated soil repaired by different methods for repairing manganese slag
| Improving the organic matter content of the soil/(g/kg) | pH | Bioavailable manganese content (mg/kg) | Plant increment/(g/plant) | Cumulative amount of heavy metal/(mg/plant) | |
| Comparative example | 21.7a | 7.71a | 965.79a | 11.95a | 1.79a |
| Example 1 | 37.06bc | 7.26b | 498.24b | 17.59c | 13.82c |
| Example 2 | 38.72c | 7.33b | 513.57b | 14.17b | 11.66b |
| Example 3 | 37.68bc | 7.28 b | 501.43b | 15.84b | 12.95c |
| Example 4 | 36.45b | 7.27 b | 520.74b | 20.69c | 13.86c |
| Example 5 | 35.46b | 7.35b | 621.07c | 26.32d | 10.95d |
| Example 6 | 38.24 b | 7.29 b | 475.53 b | 18.83 c | 13.95 c |
As can be seen from table 1, compared with the soil treated by using only paulownia fortunei as a phytoremediation method without using vermiculite as a modifier, the woody paulownia fortunei has a certain amount of absorptive removal of manganese in the soil, and the content of bioavailable manganese (i.e., the content of manganese in an acid extractable state) in the soil is still high; with the method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by adopting the vermiculite modifier and the woody plant paulownia fortunei, the content of organic matters in soil is remarkably lower, and the growth rate and the absorption accumulation amount of heavy metals of the woody plant paulownia fortunei are remarkably lower.
Secondly, as can be seen from table 1, with the addition of the usage amount of the vermiculite modifier, the organic matter content in the soil is gradually reduced, and the plant increment is gradually increased, which indicates that the addition of the vermiculite effectively adjusts the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as pH, moisture condition, looseness and the like, and is beneficial to the rapid growth of the paulownia fortunei; the content of bioavailable manganese is correspondingly reduced, namely the activity of heavy metals is influenced by the vermiculite modifier through the actions of adsorption, precipitation or coprecipitation and the like, further reducing the content of bioavailable manganese in the soil, when the dosage of vermiculite is increased from 10 percent to 12 percent, the fluctuation of the accumulation amount of heavy metals in plants is small and tends to be smooth, when the dosage of the vermiculite is more than 12 percent and is continuously increased, the accumulation amount of heavy metals of plants is greatly reduced, probably, the excessive addition of vermiculite increases the mobility of manganese in slag, the water-soluble manganese promotes the rapid growth of paulownia fortunei, and the excessive addition of vermiculite has the effect of diluting the manganese content in slag to reduce the manganese content in slag, so that the manganese absorption amount of paulownia fortunei to soil is reduced, and in example 6, dead or growth-arrested paulownia fortunei is cleaned, and the heavy metals in the soil are efficiently removed by replanting the rapid growth of new paulownia fortunei.
According to the method for repairing the manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants, the planting density of the paulownia fortunei can be adjusted according to the content of the heavy metal in the manganese ore slag soil to be repaired, if the death or growth of the paulownia fortunei is inhibited in the step C, the plants are removed and new paulownia fortunei is planted, so that a better absorption effect is achieved; the dosage of vermiculite can be adjusted according to the content of heavy metal in the manganese slag soil to be repaired, for example, the additive amount of vermiculite is 6%, 7.5%, 9%, 11% of the weight of manganese slag, so that the heavy metal in the soil can be rapidly solidified, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be effectively improved, the rapid growth of the woody plant paulownia fortunei rich in heavy metal and the absorption and transfer of the heavy metal in the soil can be promoted, and the change of the technical characteristics can be understood and implemented by technical personnel in the field through text description, so that the description of the attached drawings is not needed.
Claims (6)
1. A method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining a modifier and plants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, adding a vermiculite modifier into the manganese slag according to the weight percentage of 5-15%, uniformly ploughing repeatedly, and activating to obtain modifier activated soil;
planting a perennial heavy metal resistant fast-growing woody plant paulownia fortunei in the modifier activated soil to realize phytoremediation of the heavy metal in the soil;
and C, periodically ploughing the soil, increasing the soil loosening degree, and periodically monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the change trend of the heavy metal content in the soil and woody plants.
2. The method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the modifier and the plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the modifier and the plants further comprises the following steps of manganese ore slag pretreatment: and (3) naturally drying the manganese slag sample, and grinding the manganese slag sample until the particle size is less than or equal to 100 meshes for later use.
3. The method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the modifying agent and the plants as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the modifying agent and the plants further comprises the following steps: and (4) regularly observing the growth characteristics of the paulownia fortunei, and replanting the dead paulownia fortunei.
4. The method for repairing manganese ore slag by combining the modifying agent and the plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activation period in the step A is 7-15 days.
5. The method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the improver and the plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the vermiculite in the step A is 5% -15% of the weight of the soil to be repaired of the manganese ore slag.
6. The method for jointly repairing manganese ore slag by using the modifying agent and the plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete operation of the step B is as follows: selecting annual paulownia fortunei, and planting water in the annual paulownia fortunei to be stable for one week; and then transplanting paulownia fortunei to the soil activated by the uniformly mixed modifier in the step A, wherein the planting of paulownia fortunei specifically comprises the following steps: transplanting the annual seedlings of paulownia fortunei by adopting an interlaced hole planting mode, wherein the row spacing is 3.5 meters, the plant spacing is 1.8 meters, and the seedlings are planted by digging holes and planting, the hole diameter is 0.8 meter, and the hole depth is 0.6 meter;
after transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated once to permeate water so that the root systems of the seedlings are combined with the soil more tightly, a layer of thin soil is immediately cultivated after irrigation to prevent soil hardening and desiccation, and watering is carried out in time in combination with weather conditions later so as to avoid drought.
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Application publication date: 20200724 |