CN107059201B - 一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107059201B
CN107059201B CN201710005438.2A CN201710005438A CN107059201B CN 107059201 B CN107059201 B CN 107059201B CN 201710005438 A CN201710005438 A CN 201710005438A CN 107059201 B CN107059201 B CN 107059201B
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modified
fiber
covering yarn
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CN107059201A (zh
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庄银江
庄津
丁功胜
刘克祥
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Guangdong Armor Protection Technology Co ltd
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Haifeng Mingshi Of High-Tech Clothing Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法，属于纺织材料与防护材料技术领域。以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱D按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线M；以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱E按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线N；以五股线M为经、五股线N为纬，机织为布，经处理后即制得不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布。本发明结合特殊的纱线结构与织物结构，具有多材料、多结构的协同防弹作用，强度高，防弹效果好，抗冲击性能优异。

Description

一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法，属于纺织材料与防护材料技术领域。
背景技术
和平与发展是当今世界发展的主题，但仍然存在一些不安全、不和平因素。防弹布在防弹衣、防弹帐篷、防弹背包、设备防弹套、防弹柜套、防弹复合板材基体材料等领域，有着非常大的需求空间。
众所周知，传统的防弹布主要由衣套和防弹层两部分组成，多采用金属、陶瓷片、玻璃钢、尼龙、凯夫拉、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、液体防护材料等材料，以插板形式为主，构成单一或复合型防护结构，这种防弹布体积笨重，且在遭遇火灾、高温等复杂情况下，往往对人员逃生、设备转移、设备防护等造成消极且致命影响。
如何在化学品腐蚀、高温、火灾、射击、爆炸等复杂环境下，最大程度保障人员、设备等的安全，是防弹布发展必须解决的主要矛盾，也是现代人员、设备的防护中所面临的热点问题，这对防弹不仅提出了轻便、多功能性的需求，也进一步揭示了军用及军民两用防弹衣的需求和发展方向。因此，发明一款不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，具有极大的军事意义与社会意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决常规防弹布笨重、阻燃效果差、隔热效果差、耐高温性能差的问题，而提供的一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，其各组分所占质量百分比如下：
一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、以改性玄武岩纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为外包覆层，制备包芯纱A；
所述改性玄武岩纤维、改性钛丝、改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维三者质量比为：(1～8)：(4～7)：(4～10)；
所述改性玄武岩纤维制备方法为：将玄武岩纤维依次经过热的氢氧化钠溶液、80～200℃水蒸气、80～150℃盐酸蒸汽、50～150℃水蒸气，冷却干燥后，浸渍于含有0.5～3％质量分数纳米氧化铝的氧化石墨烯溶液中，5～40分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过80～300℃乙醇蒸汽、80～200℃水蒸气，冷却干燥，即制得改性玄武岩纤维；
所述改性钛丝制备方法为：将钛丝置于质量浓度为1～15％的稀盐酸溶液中20～100秒后取出，水洗干燥后，浸渍于含有质量分数0.1～2％碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，1～25分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过100～200℃氨气、80～300℃乙醇蒸汽，冷却水洗后干燥，即制得改性钛丝；
所述改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制备方法为：将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在质量浓度为50～98％的硫酸溶液中浸渍5～60秒后取出，清水洗涤干燥后，置于含有质量分数1～5％纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍1～10分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～200℃氨气中，5～160分钟后，取出干燥，即得改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
步骤二、以改性碳纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱B；
所述改性碳纤维、改性钛丝、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～10)：(4～7)：(5～10)；
所述改性碳纤维制备方法为：将碳纤维长丝置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，按1.02:1的摩尔比加入对苯二胺、均苯四甲酸二酐，反应1～8小时后取出，80～200℃干燥0.5～8小时后，置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍5～10分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～200℃的氨气中，5～100分钟后，取出干燥，制得改性碳纤维长丝；
所述改性芳纶1414制备方法为：将芳纶1414用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液进行润湿后，50～150℃处理1～30分钟，清水洗涤后进行干燥，继而置于含有0.5～5％质量分数碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍10～35分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～300℃乙醇蒸汽中，10～150分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得改性芳纶1414；
步骤三、以改性聚苯硫醚纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱C；
所述改性聚苯硫醚纤维、改性钛丝、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～10)：(4～8)：(5～10)；
所述改性聚苯硫醚纤维制备方法为：将聚苯硫醚纤维置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍20～85分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～300℃乙醇蒸汽中，30～200分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得改性聚苯硫醚纤维；
步骤四、以改性钛丝为中心芯线，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱D；
所述改性钛丝、改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(3～8)：(4～10)：(5～10)；
步骤五、以石墨烯纤维为中心芯线，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱E；
所述石墨烯纤维、改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～15)：(3～10)：(5～10)；
步骤六、以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱D按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线M；
步骤七、以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱E按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线N；
步骤八、以五股线M为经、五股线N为纬，机织为布，继而将布浸渍于含1～5％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中1～20分钟后取出，于50～300℃的乙醇蒸汽中热处理0.5～3小时后，取出冷却干燥，水洗3～5次后干燥，即制得不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布。
有益效果
1、一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，通过特殊的纤维改性工艺，结合特殊的纱线结构与织物结构，具有多材料、多结构的协同防弹作用，强度高，防弹效果好，抗冲击性能优异；
2、一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，抗高温能力优异，在遇火、高温等条件下不发生燃烧，导热系数低、隔热性能优异，具有优异的耐酸碱、耐化学品腐蚀性能，可以保障人员、设备等在火灾、高温、爆炸、枪击、化学品侵蚀等共同复杂状况下的安全；
3、一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布的制备方法，工艺简单，生产过程无三废排放，适合工厂操作，并能适应大规模工业化生产，具有显著的经济效益与社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细说明。
实施例1
一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，其各组分所占质量百分比如下：
将8kg玄武岩纤维依次经过80℃的氢氧化钠溶液、150℃水蒸气、150℃盐酸蒸汽、100℃水蒸气，冷却干燥后，浸渍于含有2％质量分数纳米氧化铝的氧化石墨烯溶液中，25分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过200℃乙醇蒸汽、80℃水蒸气，冷却干燥，制得8.36kg改性玄武岩纤维；
将20kg钛丝置于5％质量浓度稀盐酸溶液中40秒后取出，水洗干燥后，浸渍于含有1.5％质量分数碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，15分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过120℃氨气、180℃乙醇蒸汽，冷却水洗后干燥，制得20kg改性钛丝；
将20kg超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在质量浓度为98％硫酸溶液中浸渍10秒后取出，清水洗涤干燥后，置于含有3％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍8分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于185℃氨气中，25分钟后，取出干燥，即得20.85kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
将9kg碳纤维长丝置于100升N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，加入1103g对苯二胺、2181.2g均苯四甲酸二酐，反应6.5小时后取出，180℃干燥4小时后，置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍6分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于150℃氨气中35分钟后，取出干燥，制得9.25kg改性碳纤维长丝；
将29kg芳纶1414用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液进行润湿后，130℃处理10分钟，清水洗涤后进行干燥，继而置于含有0.8％质量分数纳米碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍15分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于180℃乙醇蒸汽中，32分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得29.93kg改性芳纶1414；
将7kg聚苯硫醚纤维置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍55分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于180℃乙醇蒸汽中，45分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得7.23kg改性聚苯硫醚纤维；
以8.36kg改性玄武岩纤维为中心芯线，以5kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以8kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为外包覆层，制备21.36kg包芯纱A；
以9.25kg改性碳纤维为中心芯线，以5kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以8kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备22.25kg包芯纱B；
以7.23kg改性聚苯硫醚纤维为中心芯线，以5kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以7kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备19.23kg包芯纱C；
以5kg改性钛丝为中心芯线，以6kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以7kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备18kg包芯纱D；
以7kg石墨烯纤维为中心芯线，以6.85kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以7.93kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备21.78kg包芯纱E；
以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱D按照1:1:1:2的纱线比，制备成五股线M；
以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱E按照1:1:1:2的纱线比，制备成五股线N；
以五股线M为经、五股线N为纬，机织为布，继而将布浸渍于含3％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中18分钟后取出，于300℃的乙醇蒸汽中热处理2小时后，取出冷却干燥，水洗4次后干燥，制得98.55kg不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，余料4.07kg。
经测试，该防弹布阻燃性能为V0级别，阻燃性能优异；耐硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、苛性钠等性能优异，在上述酸溶液中浸渍20分钟后，质量亏损低于1‰，织物及纤维结构不发生损坏；在300～350℃高温下，织物及纤维结构不发生损坏，耐高温性能优异；经防弹测试，能抵抗常规手枪、轻型冲锋枪子弹30米距离以内冲击；经破片冲击测试，能有效抵抗1公斤梯恩梯炸药爆炸所产生破片15米处冲击。
实施例2
一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，其各组分所占质量百分比如下：
将3kg玄武岩纤维依次经过75℃的氢氧化钠溶液、175℃水蒸气、150℃盐酸蒸汽、102℃水蒸气，冷却干燥后，浸渍于含有2％质量分数纳米氧化铝的氧化石墨烯溶液中，25分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过230℃乙醇蒸汽、80℃水蒸气，冷却干燥，制得3.12kg改性玄武岩纤维；
将30kg钛丝置于5％质量浓度稀盐酸溶液中15秒后取出，水洗干燥后，浸渍于含有1.5％质量分数碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，12分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过150℃氨气、182℃乙醇蒸汽，冷却水洗后干燥，制得30.05kg改性钛丝；
将25kg超高分子量聚乙烯在质量浓度为90％硫酸溶液中浸渍30秒后取出，清水洗涤干燥后，置于含有3％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍8分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于165℃氨气中，28分钟后，取出干燥，即得25.65kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维；
将3kg碳纤维长丝置于100升N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，加入367.67g对苯二胺、727.07g均苯四甲酸二酐，反应6.0小时后取出，190℃干燥6小时后，置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍7分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于150℃氨气中37分钟后，取出干燥，制得3.08kg改性碳纤维长丝；
将30kg芳纶1414用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液进行润湿后，135℃处理15分钟，清水洗涤后进行干燥，继而置于含有0.8％质量分数纳米碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍25分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于210℃乙醇蒸汽中，30分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得31.02kg改性芳纶1414；
将4kg聚苯硫醚纤维置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍50分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于200℃乙醇蒸汽中，40分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得4.11kg改性聚苯硫醚纤维；
以3.12kg改性玄武岩纤维为中心芯线，以7kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以9.65kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为外包覆层，制备19.77kg包芯纱A；
以3.08kg改性碳纤维为中心芯线，以7.05kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以11.02kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备21.15kg包芯纱B；
以4.11kg改性聚苯硫醚纤维为中心芯线，以8kg改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以7kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备19.11kg包芯纱C；
以8kg改性钛丝为中心芯线，以8kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以5kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备21kg包芯纱D；
以5kg石墨烯纤维为中心芯线，以8kg改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以8kg改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备21kg包芯纱E；
以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱D按照1:1:1:2的纱线比，制备成五股线M；
以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱E按照1:1:1:2的纱线比，制备成五股线N；
以五股线M为经、五股线N为纬，机织为布，继而将布浸渍于含3％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中25分钟后取出，于251℃的乙醇蒸汽中热处理5小时后，取出冷却干燥，水洗4次后干燥，制得99.35kg不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，余料2.68kg。
经测试，该防弹布阻燃性能为V0级别，阻燃性能优异；耐硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、苛性钠等性能优异，在上述酸溶液中浸渍50分钟后，质量亏损低于1‰，织物及纤维结构不发生损坏；在260～350℃高温下，织物及纤维结构不发生损坏，耐高温性能优异；经防弹测试，能抵抗常规手枪、轻型冲锋枪子弹30米距离以内冲击；经破片冲击测试，能有效抵抗1公斤梯恩梯炸药爆炸所产生破片15米处冲击。

Claims (8)

1.一种不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布，其特征在于：其各组分所占质量百分比如下：
制备所述防弹布的方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、以改性玄武岩纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为外包覆层，制备包芯纱A；
步骤二、以改性碳纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱B；
步骤三、以改性聚苯硫醚纤维为中心芯线，以改性钛丝为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱C；
步骤四、以改性钛丝为中心芯线，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱D；
步骤五、以石墨烯纤维为中心芯线，以改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维为中间包覆层，以改性芳纶1414为外包覆层，制备包芯纱E；
步骤六、以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱D按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线M；
步骤七、以包芯纱A、包芯纱B、包芯纱C、包芯纱E按照1:1:1:2的纱线根数比，制备成五股线N；
步骤八、以五股线M为经、五股线N为纬，机织为布，继而将布浸渍于含1～5％质量分数纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中1～20分钟后取出，于50～300℃的乙醇蒸汽中热处理0.5～3小时后，取出冷却干燥，水洗后干燥，即制得不燃、耐酸碱、耐高温防弹布。
2.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性玄武岩纤维制备方法为：将玄武岩纤维依次经过热的氢氧化钠溶液、80～200℃水蒸气、80～150℃盐酸蒸汽、50～150℃水蒸气，冷却干燥后，浸渍于含有0.5～3％质量分数纳米氧化铝的氧化石墨烯溶液中，5～40分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过80～300℃乙醇蒸汽、80～200℃水蒸气，冷却干燥，即制得改性玄武岩纤维。
3.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性钛丝制备方法为：将钛丝置于质量浓度为1～15％的稀盐酸溶液中20～100秒后取出，水洗干燥后，浸渍于含有质量分数0.1～2％碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，1～25分钟后，取出干燥，再依次经过100～200℃氨气、80～300℃乙醇蒸汽，冷却水洗后干燥，即制得改性钛丝。
4.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维制备方法为：将超高分子量聚乙烯纤维在质量浓度为50～98％的硫酸溶液中浸渍5～60秒后取出，清水洗涤干燥后，置于含有质量分数1～5％纳米蒙脱土的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍1～10分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～200℃的氨气中，5～160分钟后，取出干燥，即得改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维。
5.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性碳纤维制备方法为：将碳纤维长丝置于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中，向N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中加入对苯二胺、均苯四甲酸二酐；对苯二胺与均苯四甲酸二酐的摩尔比为1.02:1；反应1～8小时后取出，在80～200℃温度下干燥0.5～8小时后，置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍5～10分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～200℃的氨气中，5～100分钟后，取出干燥，制得改性碳纤维长丝。
6.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性芳纶1414制备方法为：将芳纶1414用N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液进行润湿后，在50～150℃温度下处理1～30分钟，清水洗涤后进行干燥，继而置于含有0.5～5％质量分数碳纳米管的氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍10～35分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～300℃乙醇蒸汽中，10～150分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得改性芳纶1414。
7.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：所述改性聚苯硫醚纤维制备方法为：将聚苯硫醚纤维置于氧化石墨烯溶液中，浸渍20～85分钟后，取出干燥，继而置于80～300℃乙醇蒸汽中，30～200分钟后取出，水洗干燥，即得改性聚苯硫醚纤维。
8.如权利要求1所述的防弹布，其特征在于：步骤一所述改性玄武岩纤维、改性钛丝、改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维三者质量比为：(1～8)：(4～7)：(4～10)；步骤二所述改性碳纤维、改性钛丝、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～10)：(4～7)：(5～10)；步骤三所述改性聚苯硫醚纤维、改性钛丝、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～10)：(4～8)：(5～10)；步骤四所述改性钛丝、改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(3～8)：(4～10)：(5～10)；步骤五所述石墨烯纤维、改性超高分子量聚乙烯、改性芳纶1414三者质量比为：(5～15)：(3～10)：(5～10)。
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