CN107029797A - 一种低碳正构烃类异构化催化剂的制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
一种低碳正构烃类异构化催化剂的制备和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107029797A CN107029797A CN201710219845.3A CN201710219845A CN107029797A CN 107029797 A CN107029797 A CN 107029797A CN 201710219845 A CN201710219845 A CN 201710219845A CN 107029797 A CN107029797 A CN 107029797A
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- catalyst
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- metal
- silica gel
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- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 239000011964 heteropoly acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- 101100126846 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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- C10G45/60—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/62—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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Abstract
本发明公开一种低碳正构烃类异构化催化剂的制备和使用方法,催化剂以硅胶为载体,选取keggin型杂多酸为酸性活性组分,含量为1 wt%~90 wt%;第一金属组分为贵金属或过渡非贵金属的一种,含量为0.1 wt%~40 wt%;第二金属组分为过渡非贵金属的一种,含量为0.1 wt%~20 wt%。优点在于非贵金属的使用降低了贵金属的使用成本,提高了催化剂的抗硫性,两种金属组分间的协同作用有利于提高催化剂的活性。杂多酸负载于介孔硅胶的“复合酸性载体”弥补了杂多酸低比表面积,孔径小的问题,同时继承了杂多酸优异的酸性性质。本发明催化剂适用于低碳烃类的异构化,并且具有较高的异构化活性和异构烃类选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于低碳正构烃类异构化领域,具体涉及一种以硅胶为载体负载双金属与杂多酸的金属-酸双功能催化剂的制备和使用方法。
背景技术
由于环保法规的日趋严格,汽油向着无铅、低芳烃、高辛烷值、高氧含量方向发展。低碳烃类临氢异构化成为炼厂改善汽油品质的重要方法,低碳烃类异构化技术也获得了快速发展。异构化油具有以下特点:收率高且硫含量很低,不含烯烃、芳烃和苯;产品辛烷值明显提髙;辛烷值敏感度小,研究法辛烷值(RON)和马达法辛烷值(MON)通常仅相差1.5个单位;可以提高汽油的前端辛烷值,使汽油的馏程和辛烷值有合理的分布,从而改善发动机的启动性能。因此异构化油是理想的汽油调和组分之一,尤其适合国V、国VI汽油的生产。随着我国进口原油数量的增加,低碳烃类的来源也逐渐增多,但是低碳烃类异构化仍未形成较大的工业化生产能力。因此,开发高活性、高选择性的低碳烃类异构化催化剂已成为石油炼制领域的一个研究热点。
目前,用于烃类异构化技术的主要是双功能催化剂。这些双功能催化剂主要是指金属/酸性载体双功能催化剂,金属主要采用贵金属Pt、Pd(Catalysis Today, 172 (2011)2-7、Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136 (2014) 6830-6833、CatalysisToday, 259 (2016) 331-339),另外还有一些研究中尝试使用Ni、Co、W、Mo等非贵金属来降低成本(CN 104289251A),酸性载体主要采用介孔材料、沸石类分子筛、硅磷铝类分子筛以及固体超强酸SO4 2-/MxOy等。
杂多酸及其盐类以独特的酸性,多功能性、反应场均一和“假液相”行为等优点广泛应用于催化领域。杂多酸的最重要的性能在于其独特的酸性,是一种酸强度较均一的纯质子酸,酸性比SiO2-Al2O3、H3PO4/SiO2、分子筛(HX、HY)等固体酸要强。相对于其它酸催化剂,杂多酸催化剂具有较好的异构化催化活性,且克服了传统催化剂腐蚀设备和污染环境等问题,而且结构上具有可塑性,能以杂多酸盐的形式引入各种功能基团加以修饰,调控更适合用于异构化反应的杂多酸催化剂(CN 1465436A)。但纯杂多酸本身存在着热稳定性低、比表面积小、难分离、催化选择性不高等问题,所以用于异构化的杂多酸催化剂一般需要引入其它官能基团或负载在合适的载体上,使其拥有更好的催化活性和选择性。
在临氢异构化催化剂中,金属组分的作用是脱氢-加氢。低碳烃类的异构化反应属于气-固相催化反应,气体分子(H2)必须在催化剂表面上吸附才能进行反应,金属作为临氢异构化催化剂的前提是要对反应物具有一定的吸附能力,吸附能力太强,会造成不可逆吸附,使活性中心被覆盖,影响金属活性的充分发挥;吸附能力太弱,则形成不了吸附键或形成的吸附键极易断裂。因此,只有对反应分子具有适当吸附能力的金属才是适宜的金属活性组分。研究表明(许越. 催化剂设计与制备工艺[M]. 化学工业出版社, 2004),金属的吸附性能与其原子的d轨道、几何结构等因素有密切联系,通常用d百分数(d%)来定量表述金属原子中的d电子状态,d%越大,相应的金属原子中d能带的电子填充越多,则d电子空穴越少,而d电子空穴的程度是影响金属的吸附性能的关键。在烷烃临氢异构化反应中,金属的相对催化活性为:Fe≈Ni≈Rh>Pd>Ru>Os>Pt>Ir≈Cu。且与贵金属Pt、Pd等相比,非贵金属元素Ni、Fe、Mo等对S等催化毒物不敏感,因此可以这些非贵金属元素代替贵金属元素作为异构化催化剂的活性组分,尤其适合于含硫汽油的异构化(CN 104289251A)。
因此,本发明将杂多酸负载于介孔硅胶上,制备出一种具有杂多酸酸性和硅胶介孔材料性质的一种“复合酸性载体”,并与两种金属组合成双金属-酸双功能催化剂,其中双金属组合为贵金属+贵金属、贵金属+非贵金属以及非贵金属+非贵金属中的一种。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种新的低碳烃类异构化催化剂的制备和使用方法。该催化剂为一种负载双金属与杂多酸金属-酸双功能催化剂,与传统的金属-酸双功能异构化催化剂相比,本发明加入过渡非贵金属,降低了贵金属的用量,甚至取代贵金属,降低了成本,提高了催化剂的抗硫性能;使用20-40目工业硅胶作为载体,避免以分子筛等为载体时所需的载体合成与催化剂成型等步骤;另外,介孔硅胶具有良好的孔径和比表面积,硅胶与杂多酸合成的“复合酸性载体”弥补了杂多酸比表面积和孔容小的问题,且具有杂多酸良好的酸性性质,因此,该“复合酸性载体”完全可以取代传统的酸性载体,用于烷烃异构化催化反应。
本发明中所述低碳烃类异构化催化剂及其制备和使用方法的技术方案为:
一种低碳烃类异构化催化剂,包括以下组分:
金属中心:第一金属组分为Pt、Pd、Ni、Co中的一种,占所述催化剂重量的0.1 wt%~40wt%;第二金属组分为过渡非贵金属元素Ti、Zr、V、Cr、Mo、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、W、Ni、Co中的一种,占所述催化剂重量的0.1 wt%~20 wt%。
酸中心:磷钨酸、硅钨酸、磷钼酸中的一种,占所述催化剂重量的1 wt%~90 wt%。
载体:20-40目工业硅胶,具有均匀的孔径大小。
所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂的制备方法,包括:
(1)硅胶的预处理:将工业生产的硅胶于马弗炉中高温焙烧一段时间,除去结晶水;然后用一定浓度的酸液进行处理,干燥之后得到作为载体的硅胶;
(2)金属的负载:用等体积浸渍法先后分别负载第一金属组分与第二金属组分,干燥、焙烧后得到负载双金属的催化剂前体;
(3)杂多酸的负载:步骤(2)得到的催化剂前体用一种杂多酸溶液等体积浸渍、干燥后即得到具有高活性及异构化选择性的金属-酸双功能异构化催化剂。
所述步骤(1)中硅胶的焙烧温度为400~800 ℃,焙烧时间为4~24小时,酸溶液为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸等,干燥温度为80~150 ℃,干燥时间为4~12小时。
所述步骤(2)、(3)中金属与杂多酸的负载均为等体积浸渍法,浸渍时间8~24小时,干燥温度60~150 ℃,干燥时间4~12小时。
所述步骤(2)的贵金属组分焙烧温度为300~450 ℃;非贵金属组分焙烧温度为400~650 ℃。
使用所述催化剂进行低碳烃类异构化反应,其工艺条件为:
还原温度为300~500 ℃;反应温度为:150~400 ℃;压力为0.5~10 Mpa;氢油体积比为100~800;质量空速0.5~10 h-1。
本发明的显著优点:
(1)首先从金属-酸双功能催化剂的构成上来讲,分为金属活性组分,和酸催化中心。一般常用分子筛类(SAPO系列、ZSM系列等)或超强固体酸类(SO4 2-/ZrO2、WO3/ZrO2)等酸性载体,既提供酸中心,又具有一定的孔结构;然后负载一定量金属,即构成异构化所用的双功能催化剂。而本专利采用具有一定孔结构与颗粒大小的工业硅胶负载杂多酸,形成一种具有杂多酸酸中心与硅胶孔结构的“复合型载体”,从合成上来讲,是比合成酸性分子筛简单的,且具有工业硅胶原有的颗粒大小,能直接应用于工业催化,不用成型。因此,本专利所用的“复合型载体”是有异与传统的分子筛酸性载体的。
另外,现有技术中虽有类似于杂多酸负载于SiO2,然后负载金属作为异构化催化剂,但负载双非贵金属作为金属活性中心的研究,国内还未见报道。
总的来说,分子筛类异构化催化剂,已经有关于双非贵金属的研究报道;但关于杂多酸异构化催化剂研究主要还是以贵金属为主,有关双非贵金属-杂多酸的双功能异构化催化剂国内还未见报道。因此本发明专利的技术方案是从双金属杂多酸异构化催化剂出发,合成方法简单,合成的催化剂具有均匀的颗粒大小,不需催化剂成型即可直接用于工业催化。
(2)关于两种金属间的协同作用,需要结合金属种类,催化剂中其它组分具体分析。现举例说明:黄德奇博士论文第四章(Fe对Ni/Al2O3低温硫醚化性能的调变作用)。
第二金属的引入所带来的协同作用——引入催化剂的部分Fe物种作为结构助剂,与表面Al2O3发生强相互作用,抑制了NiAl2O4相的形成,从而增加了与Al2O3呈弱相互作用的NiO的量,尤为重要的是形成了易于还原的NiFe2O4复合相,改善了催化剂中Ni物种的还原性能,以上两种类型的Ni物种经硫化分别形成了具有催化活性的NiSx和NiS(FeS)物种;在NiS(FeS)物种中,部分Fe物种作为电子助剂向紧密接触的NiS物种转移电子,导致Ni-S键弱化,从而使NiS(FeS)具有更高的活性。Fe物种的上述两种作用使得NiFe/Al2O3具有极高的低温硫醚化反应活性。
因此,关于第二金属组分所带来的协同作用,需要结合催化剂本身结构组成来说明。首先,第二金属的引入能抑制第一金属组分与载体之间形成其它无关的中间体物种;其次,能与第一金属组分形成更有利于催化活性的中间体物种;最后,能使第一金属组分在催化剂中分散的更均匀,防止金属活性中心聚积。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和产生的有益效果,旨在有助于更好地理解本发明的实质和特点,不作为对本案可实施范围的限定。
实施例1:制备催化剂
本实施例中所述用于低碳烃类异构化的催化剂的制备方法为:
硅胶的预处理,取一定量20-40目硅胶,于600 ℃焙烧12小时,然后用1M的盐酸处理、洗涤、干燥后得到作为载体的硅胶。
按PtO2占最终催化剂的1 wt%,配制一定量的H2PtCl6 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于一定量上述处理好的硅胶上,干燥后,350 ℃下焙烧6小时,制得负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;按PdO占最终催化剂的3 wt%,配制一定量的PdCl2 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,350 ℃下焙烧6小时,制得负载第二金属组分的催化剂前体;按硅钨酸(SiW)占最终催化剂的25 wt%,配制一定量的硅钨酸水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,得到最终的催化剂Cat-1(1 wt%PtO2-3 wt%PdO-25 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
实施例2:制备催化剂
本实施例中所述用于低碳烃类异构化的催化剂的制备方法为:
硅胶的预处理,取一定量20-40目硅胶,于500 ℃焙烧12小时,然后用1M的硝酸处理、洗涤、干燥后得到作为载体的硅胶。
按PtO2占最终催化剂的1 wt%,配制一定量的H2PtCl6 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于一定量上述处理好的硅胶上,干燥后,350 ℃下焙烧6小时,制得负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;按NiO占最终催化剂的5 wt%,配制一定量的Ni(NO3)2 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,450 ℃下焙烧6小时,制得负载第二金属组分的催化剂前体;按硅钨酸(SiW)占最终催化剂的25 wt%,配制一定量的硅钨酸水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,得到最终的催化剂Cat-2(1 wt%PtO2-5 wt%NiO-25 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
实施例3:制备催化剂
本实施例中所述用于低碳烃类异构化的催化剂的制备方法为:
硅胶的预处理,取一定量20-40目硅胶,于600 ℃焙烧12小时,然后用1M的盐酸处理、洗涤、干燥后得到作为载体的硅胶。
按NiO占最终催化剂的7 wt%,配制一定量的Ni(NO3)2 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于一定量上述处理好的硅胶上,干燥后,450 ℃下焙烧6h,制得负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;按MoO3占最终催化剂的5 wt%,配制一定量的(NH4)6Mo7O24 .4H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,450 ℃下焙烧6小时,制得负载第二金属组分的催化剂前体;按硅钨酸(SiW)占最终催化剂的25 wt%,配制一定量的硅钨酸水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,得到最终的催化剂Cat-3(7 wt%NiO-5 wt%MoO3-25 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
实施例4:制备催化剂
按实施例3所述方法,将硅钨酸的负载量改为40 wt%,制得催化剂Cat-4(7 wt%NiO-5wt%MoO3-40 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
实施例5:制备催化剂
按实施例3所述方法,将硅钨酸改为磷钨酸,负载量改为40 wt%,制得催化剂Cat-5(7wt%NiO-5 wt%MoO3-40 wt%PW/SiO2)。
为了证明本发明所述技术方案的技术效果,对上述实施例中的催化剂进行正己烷异构化评价,将反应物用岛津GC-2004气相色谱仪进行分析。
原料的转化率X、异构烷烃的选择性S的计算由公式(1-1)和(1-2)给出。
式中:
[A]原料为原料中正己烷峰面积所占比例,%;
[A]产物为产物中正己烷峰面积所占比例,%;
[B]产物为产物中所有异己烷峰面积之和所占比例,%。
实施例6:催化剂Cat-1用于正己烷异构化反应
将6克催化剂Cat-1装入不锈钢固定床反应器中,在以下工艺条件(还原温度为400 ℃;反应温度为:180 ℃;压力为2.5 Mpa;氢油体积比为100;质量空速1 h-1)对正己烷异构化反应进行评价,反应12小时后取样分析,正己烷转化率60.20%,异己烷选择性95.45%。
实施例7:催化剂Cat-4用于正己烷异构化反应
将6克催化剂Cat-1装入不锈钢固定床反应器中,在以下工艺条件(还原温度为400 ℃;反应温度为:320 ℃;压力为1.5 Mpa;氢油体积比为300;质量空速1.5 h-1)对正己烷异构化反应进行评价,反应12小时后取样分析,正己烷转化率75.36%,异己烷选择性82.08%。
单种金属的应用,特列举以下对比例补充说明。
对比例1
本对比例中所述用于低碳烃类异构化的催化剂的制备方法为:
硅胶的预处理,取一定量20-40目硅胶,于600 ℃焙烧12小时,然后用1 M的盐酸处理、洗涤、干燥后得到作为载体的硅胶。
按PtO2占最终催化剂的1 wt%,配制一定量的H2PtCl6 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于一定量上述处理好的硅胶上,干燥后,350 ℃下焙烧6 h,制得负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;此对比例中不负载第二金属组分;按硅钨酸(SiW)占最终催化剂的25 wt%,配制一定量的硅钨酸水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,得到最终的催化剂Cat-6(1 wt%PtO2-25 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
将6克催化剂Cat-6装入不锈钢固定床反应器中,在以下工艺条件(还原温度400℃,反应温度200 ℃,压力0.5 Mpa,氢油体积比为300,质量空速1.5 h-1)对正己烷异构化反应进行评价,反应12小时后取样分析,正己烷转化率55.82%,异己烷选择性92.41%。
对比例2
本对比例中所述用于低碳烃类异构化的催化剂的制备方法为:
硅胶的预处理,取一定量20-40目硅胶,于600 ℃焙烧12小时,然后用1M的盐酸处理、洗涤、干燥后得到作为载体的硅胶。
按NiO占最终催化剂的7 wt%,配制一定量的Ni(NO3)2 .6H2O水溶液等体积浸渍于一定量上述处理好的硅胶上,干燥后,450 ℃下焙烧6 h,制得负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;此对比例中不负载第二金属组分;按硅钨酸(SiW)占最终催化剂的40 wt%,配制一定量的硅钨酸水溶液等体积浸渍于之前的催化剂前体,干燥后,得到最终的催化剂Cat-7(7 wt%NiO-40 wt%SiW/SiO2)。
将6克催化剂Cat-7装入不锈钢固定床反应器中,在以下工艺条件(还原温度400℃,反应温度320 ℃,压力1.5 Mpa,氢油体积比为300,质量空速1.5 h-1)对正己烷异构化反应进行评价,反应12小时后取样分析,正己烷转化率65.78%,异己烷选择性80.24%。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动。这里也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而非所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动扔处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种低碳正构烃类异构化催化剂的制备,其特征在于,以硅胶为载体,负载两种金属和一种杂多酸,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)硅胶的预处理:将工业生产的硅胶于马弗炉中高温焙烧一段时间,除去结晶水;然后用一定浓度的酸液进行处理,干燥之后得到作为载体的硅胶;
(2)第一金属组分的负载:按一定质量分数称取一种贵金属或过渡非贵金属的化合物溶液与(1)得到的载体等体积浸渍,干燥、焙烧后得到负载第一金属组分的催化剂前体;
(3)第二金属组分的负载:按一定质量分数称取一种过渡非贵金属的化合物溶液与(2)得到的催化剂前体等体积浸渍,干燥、焙烧后得到负载第一金属组分和第二金属组分的催化剂前体;
(4)杂多酸的负载:步骤(3)得到的催化剂前体用一种keggin型杂多酸水溶液等体积浸渍、干燥后即得到具有高活性及异构化选择性的金属-酸双功能异构化催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,催化剂载体选用20-40目工业生产硅胶,具有均匀的孔径大小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(1)中硅胶的焙烧温度为400~800 ℃,焙烧时间为4~24小时,酸溶液为硫酸、盐酸或硝酸,干燥温度为80~150℃,干燥时间为4~12小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)使用的金属元素为Pt、Pd、Ni、Co中的一种,氧化物含量占催化剂的0.1 wt%~40 wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(3)使用过渡非贵金属为Ti、Zr、V、Cr、Mo、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、W、Ni、Co中的一种,氧化物含量占催化剂的0.1 wt%~20 wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,步骤(4)使用的keggin型杂多酸为磷钨酸、硅钨酸、磷钼酸中的一种,含量占催化剂的1 wt%~90 wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,所选贵金属Pt和Pd的可溶性化合物为H2PtCl6 .6H2O和PdCl2 .6H2O;所选过渡非贵金属元素的可溶性盐是其硝酸盐、盐酸盐或者硫酸盐的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,金属与杂多酸的负载均为等体积浸渍法,浸渍时间8~24小时,干燥温度60~150 ℃,干燥时间4~12小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的低碳烃类异构化催化剂,其特征在于,贵金属的焙烧温度为300~450 ℃;过渡非贵金属的焙烧温度为400~650 ℃。
10.使用权利要求1~9所述的任一催化剂进行低碳烃类异构化反应工艺,其特征在于,所述工艺条件为:
还原温度为300~500 ℃;反应温度为:150~400 ℃;压力为0.5~10 Mpa;氢油体积比为100~800;质量空速0.5~10 h-1。
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