CN106987830A - 铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺 - Google Patents

铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺 Download PDF

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CN106987830A
CN106987830A CN201710234029.XA CN201710234029A CN106987830A CN 106987830 A CN106987830 A CN 106987830A CN 201710234029 A CN201710234029 A CN 201710234029A CN 106987830 A CN106987830 A CN 106987830A
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王江锋
沈文宝
汪文珍
刘可
王辉
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Shenzhen Chuangzhi Xinlian Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,该工艺包括以下步骤:清洁,硝酸洗;一次酸性锌置换;硝酸退锌;二次酸性锌置换;化学镀镍;化学镀钯;化学镀金。本发明该工艺中采用一次酸性锌置换和二次酸性锌置换,使用的酸性浸锌液相对于传统的碱性浸锌液来说,其酸碱环境温和,对铝的攻击较小,在锌置换的时候反应速度相对缓慢,锌层比较致密,该发明中含有硫酸镍和硫酸锌,在酸性环境下都可以溶于水,在锌置换的同时也有着镍置换,镍的存在本身就为化学镀镍提供了催化活性中心,降低了锌进入化学镀镍液的数量,提高了化学镀镍镀液的寿命。

Description

铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路技术领域,尤其涉及一种铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺。
背景技术
印制电路板(PCB线路板),又称印刷电路板,是电子元器件电气连接的提供者。印制电路板从单层发展到双面板、多层板和挠性板,并不断地向高精度、高密度和高可靠性方向发展。不断缩小体积、减少成本、提高性能,使得印制电路板在未来电子产品的发展过程中,仍然保持强大的生命力。未来印制电路板生产制造技术发展趋势是在性能上向高密度、高精度、细孔径、细导线、小间距、高可靠、多层化、高速传输、轻量、薄型方向发展。
传统的印制线路板大多是以铜为基材,但近年来铝基材的印制线路板也越来越多,不论是铜基材还是铝基材,均不能作为印制线路板的最终材料,以铝基材为例,铝基材不能作为焊接,绑定的基底,并且其耐磨性差,所以一般铝基材需要进行化学镍金,或者化学镍钯金工艺处理,为其提供耐磨性,绑定功能,焊接功能等。
铝基材一般在空气中表面极易钝化,不能直接进行化学镀镍,否则会产生露镀,结合力差等风险,铝基材利用二次碱性锌置换的方式进行化学镀镍是目前在铝基材的机构件较为成熟的工艺。两次锌置换后的铝合金进行化学镀镍时,锌层会和镍发生置换,锌离子进入镀液,镍离子成为镍原子形成催化核心,化学镀镍反应得以顺利进行。两次锌置换的目的是,第一次的置换上的锌层不够致密,可能会出现结合力较差,两次锌置换后的化学镍层结合力相对较好。
但是传统的铝基材的锌置换为强碱性溶液,一般的碱当量在2.0以上,对铝基材本身攻击大,对线路上的覆盖膜攻击大,并且锌置换层粗糙疏松,容易造成镀镍槽寿命短的情况,并且碱性锌置换工艺的二次浸锌操作时间仅有15-35秒,操作窗口窄,管控不方便等缺点,不适合精密的印制线路板领域。
所以在印制线路板或者更加精密的铝基材应用领域,开发一种对铝基材攻击小,不对其表面的有机覆盖膜攻击的,操作窗口较宽的锌置换迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对上述技术中存在的不足之处,本发明提供一种铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,该工艺对铝基材攻击小,不会对其表面的有机覆盖膜进行攻击,而且操作窗口较宽。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,清洁:将产品浸泡在清洁剂中,利用清洁剂功能除产品表面残留的污渍;
步骤2,硝酸洗:将产品浸泡在20-76%硝酸中,钝化铝基材表面;
步骤3,一次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换酸性溶液中,溶液中的锌离子被还原成锌金属后在铝基材表面形成一层锌层;
步骤4,硝酸退锌:将产品在20-76%浓度硝酸浸泡,去除第一次相对疏松的锌置换层;
步骤5,二次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换溶液中,锌离子和基材的铝离子发生置换反应,第二次锌置换会使铝基材表面形成一层致密的锌镍层;
步骤6,化学镀镍:将锌置换后的铝合金浸入化学镀镍溶液中,表面镍和锌再发生置换,沉积的镍作为催化活心使化学镀镍可以持续进行;
步骤7,化学镀钯:表面镍和钯再发生置换,沉积的钯作为催化活心使化学镀钯可以持续进行;
步骤8,化学镀金:少量金离子和表面的钯或者更深层的镍发生置换,形成一层金层。
其中,每个步骤后均有2-3道水洗。
其中,所述的一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液和二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液为同一配方,该浸锌液按照浓度包括硫酸锌30-50g/L、硫酸镍20-50g/L、乙酸铵10-30g/L、DTPMP 10-30g/L;其中一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为1-2min,二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为3-5min;一次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度和二次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度为20-30℃。
其中,所述化学镀镍的镀镍溶液按照浓度包括硫酸镍20-30g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L、次亚磷酸钠20-30g/L、乳酸10-20g/L、丁二酸10-20g/L、硫脲1-3mg/L,将上述的各组分混合后ph值用氨水调至4.3-5.0,且调制温度在70-90℃之间及时间在5-25min之间。
其中,所述化学镀钯的镀钯溶液按照浓度包括硫酸钯2-3g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠2-5g/L;上述组分混合后采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,且调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
其中,所述化学镀金的镀金溶液按照浓度包括亚硫酸金1-2g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠1-3g/L,上述组分采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
本发明的有益效果是:与现有技术相比,本发明提供的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,具有如下优势:该工艺中采用一次酸性锌置换和二次酸性锌置换,使用的酸性浸锌液相对于传统的碱性浸锌液来说,其酸碱环境温和,对铝的攻击较小,在锌置换的时候反应速度相对缓慢,锌层比较致密,该发明中含有硫酸镍和硫酸锌,在酸性环境下都可以溶于水,在锌置换的同时也有着镍置换,镍的存在本身就为化学镀镍提供了催化活性中心,降低了锌进入化学镀镍液的数量,提高了化学镀镍镀液的寿命。同时,酸性浸锌液中DTPMP的存在,可以降低镍的氧化电位,使镍和锌同时缓慢的沉积,同时对基材的攻击降低,时间延长,更容易操作。因此本发明对铝基材攻击小,不会对其表面的有机覆盖膜进行攻击,而且操作窗口较宽。
附图说明
图1为本发明的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺的流程图;
图2为本发明使用两次酸性锌置换工艺与传统的碱性锌置换工艺的优点对比图;
图3为本发明实施例的铝基材酸性浸锌图;
图4为本发明的传统铝基材碱性浸锌图;
图5为传统铝基材碱性浸锌后化学镍钯金后的镀层SEM;
图6为本发明具体实施例一得到的镀层形貌图;
图7为本发明具体实施例一得到的性能测试图;
图8为本发明具体实施例二得到的镀层形貌图;
图9为本发明具体实施例二得到的性能测试图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地表述本发明,下面结合附图对本发明作进一步地描述。
请参阅图1,本发明的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1,清洁:将产品浸泡在清洁剂中,利用清洁剂功能除产品表面残留的污渍;该清洁剂为市售清洁剂,硝酸均为市售产品;
步骤S2,硝酸洗:将产品浸泡在20-76%硝酸中,钝化铝基材表面;
步骤S3,一次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换酸性溶液中,溶液中的锌离子被还原成锌金属后在铝基材表面形成一层锌层;具体为:将产品浸泡在锌置换溶液中,锌的电位比铝高,所以锌离子会和基材的铝离子发生置换反应,基材表面少量的铝离子浸入溶液,而溶液中的锌离子被还原成锌金属,经过该过程后可在铝基材表面形成一层锌层;
步骤S4,硝酸退锌:将产品在20-76%浓度硝酸浸泡,去除第一次相对疏松的锌置换层;
步骤S5,二次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换溶液中,锌离子和基材的铝离子发生置换反应,第二次锌置换会使铝基材表面形成一层致密的锌镍层;
步骤S6,化学镀镍:将锌置换后的铝合金浸入化学镀镍溶液中,表面镍和锌再发生置换,沉积的镍作为催化活心使化学镀镍可以持续进行;
步骤S7,化学镀钯:表面镍和钯再发生置换,沉积的钯作为催化活心使化学镀钯可以持续进行;
步骤S8,化学镀金:少量金离子和表面的钯或者更深层的镍发生置换,形成一层金层。上述的每个步骤后均有2-3道水洗。本发明所使用的清洁剂,硝酸均可由市售购得。
在本实施例中,所述的一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液和二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液为同一配方,该浸锌液按照浓度包括硫酸锌30-50g/L、硫酸镍20-50g/L、乙酸铵10-30g/L、DTPMP(二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸)10-30g/L;其中一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为1-2min,二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为3-5min;一次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度和二次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度为20-30℃。
本发明提供的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,具有如下优势:
铝作为一种两性金属,其能受到酸碱的腐蚀,传统的碱性浸锌液一般氢氧化钠含量在80g/L以上,超强的碱性环境对铝的腐蚀速度很快,导致铝非常容易失去电子形成铝离子,而锌离子相对更容易得到电子形成锌金属,如此以来锌的置换速度大大加快,所以行业内的碱性锌置换时间都是控制在1min以内,否则锌层疏松导致镀层结合力变差;如果降低氢氧化钠浓度,锌离子又无法溶解于强碱性溶液中。
而本发明中使用的酸性浸锌液相对于传统的碱性浸锌液来说,其酸碱环境温和,对铝的攻击较小,在锌置换的时候反应速度相对缓慢,锌层比较致密,该发明中含有硫酸镍和硫酸锌,在酸性环境下都可以溶于水,在锌置换的同时也有着镍置换,镍的存在本身就为化学镀镍提供了催化活性中心,降低了锌进入化学镀镍液的数量,提高了化学镀镍镀液的寿命。DTPMP的存在,可以降低镍的氧化电位,使镍和锌同时缓慢的沉积,同时对基材的攻击降低,时间延长,更容易操作,另外乙酸铵的存在可以稳定溶液的ph值。
在本实施例中,所述化学镀镍的镀镍溶液按照浓度包括硫酸镍20-30g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L、次亚磷酸钠20-30g/L、乳酸10-20g/L、丁二酸10-20g/L、硫脲1-3mg/L,将上述的各组分混合后ph值用氨水调至4.3-5.0,且调制温度在70-90℃之间及时间在5-25min之间。
在本实施例中,所述化学镀钯的镀钯溶液按照浓度包括硫酸钯2-3g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠2-5g/L;上述组分混合后采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,且调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
在本实施例中,所述化学镀金的镀金溶液按照浓度包括亚硫酸金1-2g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠1-3g/L,上述组分采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
以下通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述:
实施例一:以下按照工艺步骤举例:
1>清洁:市售药水
2>两道水洗
3>50%硝酸浸泡: 20℃,1min
4>两道水洗
5>一次酸性浸锌:硫酸锌30g/L、硫酸镍50g/L,乙酸铵30g/L,DTPMP (二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸)10g/L;30℃,ph值5.5,1min;
6>两道水洗
7>50%硝酸浸泡: 20℃,1min
8>二次酸性浸锌:硫酸锌30g/L、硫酸镍50g/L,乙酸铵30g/L,DTPMP (二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸)10g/L;30℃,ph值5.5,5min。
9>两道水洗
10>化学镀镍:硫酸镍25g/L、柠檬酸20g/L、次亚磷酸钠20g/L、乳酸20g/L,丁二酸10g/L、硫脲1mg/L,ph值用氨水调至4.5,温度89℃,25min。
11>两道水洗
12>化学镀钯:硫酸钯3g/L、柠檬酸20g/L、次亚磷酸钠2g/L、氨水调节pH值至4.6,温度70℃,5min。
11>两道水洗
13>化学镀金:亚硫酸金1g/L、柠檬酸20g/L、次亚磷酸钠1g/L、氨水调节pH值至4-6,,温度80℃,6min。
以上可以完成铝基材的化学镀镍钯金工艺,得到的镀层形貌和性能测试如图6-7,图6为镀层形貌图,图7为性能测试图。
实例二:以下按照工艺步骤举例:
1>清洁:市售药水
2>两道水洗
3>50%硝酸浸泡: 20℃,30S
4>两道水洗
5>一次酸性浸锌:硫酸锌45g/L、硫酸镍30g/L,乙酸铵10g/L,DTPMP (二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸)20g/L;25℃,ph值5.2,2min;
6>两道水洗
7>50%硝酸浸泡: 20℃,1min
8>二次酸性浸锌:硫酸锌45g/L、硫酸镍30g/L,乙酸铵10g/L,DTPMP (二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸)20g/L;25℃,ph值5.2,3min;
9>两道水洗
10>化学镀镍:硫酸镍20g/L、柠檬酸20g/L、次亚磷酸钠30g/L、乳酸15g/L,丁二酸15g/L、硫脲3mg/L,ph值用氨水调至4.5,温度70℃,25min。
11>两道水洗
12>化学镀钯:硫酸钯1g/L、柠檬酸15g/L、次亚磷酸钠3g/L、氨水调节pH值至4.8,温度85℃,15min。
11>两道水洗
13>化学镀金:亚硫酸金1g/L、柠檬酸20g/L、次亚磷酸钠1g/L、氨水调节pH值至4.6,,温度90℃,9min。
以上可以完成铝基材的化学镀镍钯金工艺,得到的镀层形貌和性能测试如图8-9,图8为镀层形貌图,图9为性能测试图。
经过以上两个实施例,从分析镀层SEM观察看,SEM是指形貌;相对于传统碱性锌置换后的SEM,如图2、6、8,该发明内容的镍面平整,无粗糙感;从绑定后推线测试图7和9可以看出,绑定点并无脱落,而是由线路处断裂,说明绑定线与基材的结合力要大于线材本身强度,符合行业的标准。
另外,从图3和4对比可以看出,酸性锌置换后,锌层明显均匀、结晶致密。从图2的对比图可以得到以下结果:
1)本发明酸性锌置换的PH值在4.5-5.5之间,传统技术碱性锌置换的碱当量在2.0N以上,对比得到的结果为:酸性锌置换酸碱性柔和,不会攻击铝、油墨等其他基材。
2)本发明酸性锌置换的两次锌置换对基材腐蚀小于或等于0.25um,传统技术碱性锌置换的两次锌置换对基材腐蚀大于或等于0.4um,对比得到的结果为:酸性锌置换对基材腐蚀较小。
3)本发明酸性锌置换的浸锌时间的一次置换时间为1-2min,二次置换时间为2.5-4.5min;传统技术碱性锌置换的一次置换时间为25-45S,二次置换时间为15-25S,对比得到的结果是:由于酸性干置换的时间比较长,因此酸性浸锌容易操作。
4)本发明酸性锌置换的第二次上锌量为2-4mg/dm2,传统技术碱性锌置换的第二次上锌量为6-8mg/dm2,对比得到的结果是:酸性锌置换上锌量少,对镍缸污染小。
5)本发明酸性锌置换的锌置换后表面状态如图3所示,传统技术碱性锌置换的锌置换后表面状态如图4所示,对比得到的结果为:酸性锌置换后,锌层明显均匀、结晶致密。
6)本发明酸性锌置换的化学镍寿命周期为4-6MTO,传统技术碱性锌置换的化学镍寿命周期为3-4MTO,对比得到的结果为:使用酸性锌置换的镀液寿命较长。
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例,但是本发明并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,清洁:将产品浸泡在清洁剂中,利用清洁剂功能除产品表面残留的污渍;
步骤2,硝酸洗:将产品浸泡在20-76%硝酸中,钝化铝基材表面;
步骤3,一次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换酸性溶液中,溶液中的锌离子被还原成锌金属后在铝基材表面形成一层锌层;
步骤4,硝酸退锌:将产品在20-76%浓度硝酸浸泡,去除第一次相对疏松的锌置换层;
步骤5,二次酸性锌置换:将产品浸泡在锌置换溶液中,锌离子和基材的铝离子发生置换反应,第二次锌置换会使铝基材表面形成一层致密的锌镍层;
步骤6,化学镀镍:将锌置换后的铝合金浸入化学镀镍溶液中,表面镍和锌再发生置换,沉积的镍作为催化活心使化学镀镍可以持续进行;
步骤7,化学镀钯:表面镍和钯再发生置换,沉积的钯作为催化活心使化学镀钯可以持续进行;
步骤8,化学镀金:少量金离子和表面的钯或者更深层的镍发生置换,形成一层金层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,每个步骤后均有2-3道水洗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,所述的一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液和二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液为同一配方,该浸锌液按照浓度包括硫酸锌30-50g/L、硫酸镍20-50g/L、乙酸铵10-30g/L、DTPMP 10-30g/L;其中一次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为1-2min,二次酸性锌置换的浸锌液浸泡时间为3-5min;一次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度和二次酸性置换的浸锌液浸泡温度为20-30℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,所述化学镀镍的镀镍溶液按照浓度包括硫酸镍20-30g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L、次亚磷酸钠20-30g/L、乳酸10-20g/L、丁二酸10-20g/L、硫脲1-3mg/L,将上述的各组分混合后ph值用氨水调至4.3-5.0,且调制温度在70-90℃之间及时间在5-25min之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,所述化学镀钯的镀钯溶液按照浓度包括硫酸钯2-3g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠2-5g/L;上述组分混合后采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,且调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的铝基材印制线路板化学镍钯金工艺,其特征在于,所述化学镀金的镀金溶液按照浓度包括亚硫酸金1-2g/L、柠檬酸10-20g/L和次亚磷酸钠1-3g/L,上述组分采用氨水调节pH值至4-6,调制温度为70-90℃及时间为5-15min。
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