CN106943627B - 高生物相容性纤维 - Google Patents

高生物相容性纤维 Download PDF

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CN106943627B
CN106943627B CN201710081706.9A CN201710081706A CN106943627B CN 106943627 B CN106943627 B CN 106943627B CN 201710081706 A CN201710081706 A CN 201710081706A CN 106943627 B CN106943627 B CN 106943627B
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tantalum
fiber
coating
titanium
vapor deposition
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CN106943627A (zh
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姜培齐
陈亮
王健
宋国安
陶亚威
周一行
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Beijing Huatan Biotechnology Development Co ltd
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Beijing Huatan Biotechnology Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高生物相容性纤维，包括纤维基材和镀层，所述镀层包括在纤维基材上形成的钛镀层以及在钛镀层上形成的含钽镀层，其中，所述含钽镀层中可含有银、锌或锶等元素，所述钛镀层是采用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在纤维基材上镀钛形成的，所述含钽镀层是采用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料形成的。本发明的高生物相容性纤维具有抗菌、促愈合及诱导组织生长的功效。

Description

高生物相容性纤维
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高生物相容性纤维，尤其涉及一种利用化学与物理气相沉积技术制造的高生物相容性纤维。
背景技术
近年来合成纤维在医疗领域中的应用愈来愈广，特别是在人工器官的制造方面取得了很大进展，高分子材料由于具有一定的机械强度、化学稳定性、柔软性、易于加工成型等优点，在人工器官制造领域应用广泛。
合成纤维在医疗领域中可用作神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料等。用于人体内的纤维材料需要具有良好的生物适应性和生物相容性，但现有纤维制品的医疗器械有以下不足之处：
(1)应用神经导管桥接修复周围神经缺损经历了上百年的探索，早期在临床上常用自体的血管、肌肉桥接神经缺损，引导神经轴突的再生。随后人们又尝试用人工合成的非降解和可降解材料制成神经导管，作为神经再生的临时通道，引导神经向利用神经导管桥接神经断端以实现修复周围神经损伤，以往的编织型神经导管缺少细胞黏附及神经生长所需的支架结构，不利于神经向远断端生长。
(2)外科补片常用于颅脑手术及腹腔手术中，在创伤、肿瘤切除后，存在脏器包膜缺损，如肝、脑、肾、脾等包膜缺损，腹疝、阴道直肠瘘、张力性尿失禁、妇女盆底器官脫垂等常会使用补片修补。由于现在使用的补片如聚丙乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、涤纶、不锈钢、碳纤维、高分子网片材料进入体内后要诱发组织的急慢性炎症，导致浆液肿、感染、手术后慢性疼痛、局部不适感、肠粘连和肠梗阻以及肠瘘的发生。
(3)现有人工血管制造材料包括天然丝织品人造血管、尼龙人造血管、涤纶人造血管、膨体聚四氟乙烯(PTEE)管等，这些材料易产生排异感染并产生凝血。
(4)由于外伤、用力过大等原因，常导致肌腱断裂收缩，临床上常用高分子纤维修补肌腱，因为排异反应，造成局部纤维增生粘连，导致手术失败。
人工皮肤是在治疗烧伤皮肤过程中的一种暂时先的创面保护覆盖材料，其主要用于防止水分与液体从创面蒸发与流失、防止感染以及使肉芽或上皮逐渐生长并促进愈合。现有技术中也有用不同的材料制成的人工合成膜作为人工皮肤，但存在生物相容性差的问题。
因此，需要开发一种具有高生物相容性纤维，克服以往材料的不足，能够实现止血、抗菌、促愈合等目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高生物相容性纤维，利用等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)和物理气相沉积(PVD)相结合的方法制造高生物相容性纤维以及纤维制品，先利用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在纤维基材上镀钛膜，再利用物理气相沉积法镀纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽膜，并在膜层中掺杂银、锌或锶等元素，达到抗菌、促愈合及诱导组织生长的功效。
本发明提供了一种高生物相容性纤维，包括纤维基材和镀层，所述镀层包括在纤维基材上形成的钛镀层以及在钛镀层上形成的含钽镀层，其中，所述含钽镀层中可含有银、锌或锶等元素，所述钛镀层是采用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在纤维基材上镀钛形成的，所述含钽镀层是采用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料形成的；
其中，所述纤维基材选自有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维以及由它们形成的纤维制品；
所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片；
所述含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽；
在含钽镀层中，以重量百分比计，银、锌或锶等元素的含量为0.01-20％。
本发明还提供了一种生物相容性纤维的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将纤维基材清洗并干燥；
(2)利用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在干燥后的纤维基材上镀钛；
(3)利用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料；
其中，所述纤维基材选自有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维以及由它们形成的纤维制品；所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片；
所述含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽。
进一步地，利用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在干燥后的纤维基材上镀钛的步骤进一步包括：
(i)将干燥后的纤维基材置于等离子体化学气相沉积系统的真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到3×10-4Pa以下，通入氩气，氩气分压为0.5～20Pa；
(ii)打开等离子体源，并将真空室加热到300-700℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1～50Pa，镀膜时间为5-30分钟，冷却后出炉。
进一步地，利用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料的步骤包括：
将经过镀钛处理的纤维基材置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10- 4Pa，充入氩气，氩气分压为0.5-5Pa；开启含钽材料靶，磁控溅射镀膜时间为10-60分钟，冷却后出炉；
其中，含钽材料中混合银、锌或锶等元素，以重量百分比计，混合的元素含量为0.01-20％；
其中，含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽。
由于钽的硬度很高，熔点在3000度以上，比重大于16，不适合机械或铸造成型加工。本发明先采用等离子体化学气相沉积技术在纤维基材上镀钛膜，再利用物理气相沉积法镀含钽膜，获得高生物相容性纤维以及纤维制品。同时在膜层中混合银、锌或锶等元素，促进愈合速度及抗感染。
本发明采用等离子体化学气相沉积技术和物理气相沉积技术。等离子体化学气相沉积的特点在于等离子体中含有大量高能量的电子，它们可以提供化学气相沉积过程所需的激活能。电子与气相分子的碰撞可以促进气体分子的分解、化合、激发和电离过程，生成活性很高的各种化学基团，因而显著降低CVD薄膜沉积的温度范围，使得原来需要在高温下才能进行的CVD过程得以在低温实现。物理气相沉积是在真空条件下，利用蒸发或溅射等物理形式，把固体的材料转化为原子、分子或者离子态的气相物质，然后使这些携带能量的蒸发粒子沉积到基材的表面，以形成膜层的膜制备方法。
本发明的高生物相容性纤维具有抗菌、促愈合及诱导组织生长的功效。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种高生物相容性纤维，包括纤维基材和镀层，所述镀层包括在纤维基材上形成的钛镀层以及在钛镀层上形成的含钽镀层，其中，所述含钽镀层中可含有银、锌或锶等元素，所述钛镀层是采用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在纤维基材上镀钛形成的，所述含钽镀层是采用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料形成的。
等离子化学气相沉积是一种用等离子体激活反应气体，促进在基体表面或近表面空间进行化学反应，生成固态膜的技术。等离子体化学气相沉积技术的基本原理是在高频或直流电场作用下，源气体电离形成等离子体，利用低温等离子体作为能量源，通入适量的反应气体，利用等离子体放电，使反应气体激活并实现化学气相沉积的技术。PCVD与传统化学气相沉积(CVD)技术的区别在于等离子体含有大量的高能量电子，这些电子可以提供化学气相沉积过程中所需要的激活能，从而改变了反应体系的能量供给方式。由于等离子体中的电子温度高达10000K，电子与气相分子的碰撞可以促进反应气体分子的化学键断裂和重新组合，生成活性更高的化学基团，同时整个反应体系却保持较低的温度。这一特点使得原来需要在高温下进行的CVD过程得以在低温下进行。
等离子化学气相沉积的优点在于，绕镀性好，镀材可以在微孔中沉积，特别适用于在形状复杂的零件表面和内孔镀膜。
物理气相沉积(PVD)，是指在真空条件下，采用物理方法，将材料源—固体或液体表面气化成气态原子、分子或部分电离成离子，并通过低压气体(或等离子体)过程，在基体表面沉积具有某种特殊功能的薄膜的技术。物理气相沉积的方法主要包括，真空蒸镀、溅射镀膜、电弧等离子体镀、离子镀膜和分子束外延等。
金属钽的生物相容性很高，在临床上使用50多年来，未见排异反应的报导。由于钽的硬度很高，熔点在3000度以上，比重大于16，不适合机械或铸造成型加工。本发明先采用等离子体化学气相沉积技术在纤维基材上镀钛膜，再利用物理气相沉积法镀含钽膜，获得高生物相容性纤维以及纤维制品。同时在膜层中混合银、锌或锶等元素，促进愈合速度及抗感染。
所述纤维基材选自有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维以及由它们形成的纤维制品。
所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片。
所述含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽。
本发明还提供了一种生物相容性纤维的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将纤维基材清洗并干燥；
(2)利用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在干燥后的纤维基材上镀钛；
(3)利用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料；
其中，所述纤维基材选自有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维以及由它们形成的纤维制品；所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片；
所述含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽及氮氧化钽。
将纤维基材在蒸馏水和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗10分钟，以清除基材表面的油污和灰尘，然后吹干或烘干。
可以采用本领域常规的等离子体化学气相沉积系统。将干燥后的纤维基材放置到真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到3×10-4Pa以下，通入工作气体，工作气体分压为0.5～20Pa。其中，工作气体可为氩气、氦气、氮气、甲烷气、乙炔气中的一种或多种。
打开电源，施加预设的功率50-500w，产生等离子体，对纤维基材表面溅射处理5-10分钟，以除去基材表面的氧化物。将真空室加热到300-700℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1～50Pa，镀膜时间为5-30分钟，冷却后出炉。
可以采用本领域常规的物理气相沉积系统。在PVD技术中，通常采用PVD腔室进行薄膜沉积。在薄膜沉积中，采用磁控溅射技术，用于对金属薄膜的沉积以构成金属接触以及金属互连线等。在真空环境下，磁控溅射通过电压和磁场的共同作用，以被离化的惰性气体离子对靶材进行轰击，致使靶材以离子、原子或分子的形式被弹出，在基材上沉积形成薄膜。
采用磁控溅射镀的物理气相沉积方法，将经过镀钛处理的纤维基材置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10-4Pa以上，充入氩气，氩气分压为0.5-5Pa；基材偏压为40-200V，优选80V；开启含钽材料靶，含钽材料靶的功率控制在100-200W，同时在磁控溅射镀膜期间掺杂银、锌或锶元素，磁控溅射镀膜时间为10-60分钟，冷却后出炉。
银离子作为一种对人体毒性很小的金属离子，是一种具有广谱抗菌性的无机抗菌材料，几乎对所有的细菌都用抑制作用，并且不会产生细菌抗药性。疤痕是由于成纤维细胞过度生长所造成，银可以使成纤维细胞低分化，具有减轻疤痕生成的作用。
锌离子是人体必须的微量元素，研究表明缺锌会影响伤口愈合速度，因为锌是许多转录因子和酶的协同因子，又是皮肤组织愈合的必须元素，烧伤后尿锌升髙血锌下降，伤口创面缺锌，导致伤口愈合缓慢,补锌能促进皮肤细胞生长速度达30％。在促进伤口愈合方面，锌的作用逐渐得到了认识和应用。
锶是人体所必须的微量元素，人体中几乎所有的组织都含有锶。首先，它是人体骨骼和牙齿的正常组成部分，对人体的功能主要是与骨骼的形成密切相关。其次，它与血管的功能及构造也有关系，锶可以帮助人体减少对钠的吸收，增加钠的排泄。过多的钠赋存在体内，易引起高血压、心血管疾病，锶起到了预防作用。再次，由于锶的一些同位素具有放射性，因此，锶在疼痛治疗中也发挥着重要作用。
在含钽镀层中，以重量百分比计，银、锌或锶元素含量可为0.01-20％，例如含量可为0.01-10％，进一步地，银、锌或锶元素含量优选为0.1-5％。
除了上述元素外，含钽镀层中还可以混合其他元素，例如钙等。
钛镀层和含钽镀层的厚度可根据需要而定。例如，钛镀层的厚度可为10-50nm，优选20-30nm；含钽镀层的厚度可为50-150nm，优选60-100nm。
根据本发明的方法可以制造高生物相容性纤维以及纤维制品。所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片。
排异、感染、血栓形成是人工血管植入术后的几大并发症，经研究发现，利用物理气相沉积技术在人工血管材料内表面形成含钽镀层具有良好血液相容性，即不易形成血栓，在外层钽膜层中掺杂银元素，具有良好抗菌性与排异性。
利用等离子化学与物理气相沉积技术镀钽的纤维丝替代人工肌腱，可以减少排异反应，肌腱细胞顺镀钽的纤維表面爬行生长，可以达到生理性康复。
实施例1
制造高生物相容性纤维
(1)将纤维基材在蒸馏水和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗10分钟，以清除基材表面的油污和灰尘，然后用氮气吹干。
(2)将干燥后的纤维基材放置到真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到3×10-4Pa，通入氩气，氩气分压为0.5Pa。
打开电源，施加功率100w，产生等离子体，对纤维基材表面溅射处理10分钟，以除去基材表面的氧化物，从而增加基材与镀膜的附着力。将真空室加热到400℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1.0Pa，镀膜时间为10分钟，冷却后出炉。
(3)将经过镀钛处理的纤维基材置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10-4Pa以上，充入氩气，氩气分压为0.5Pa；基材偏压为80V；开启含钽材料靶，含钽材料靶的功率控制在120W，同时在磁控溅射镀膜期间掺杂银元素，控制银元素含量在0.5-5％的范围内，磁控溅射镀膜时间为30分钟，冷却后出炉。
实施例2
制造神经导管
(1)将神经导管在蒸馏水和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗10分钟，以清除神经导管表面的油污和灰尘，然后用氮气吹干。
(2)将干燥后的神经导管放置到真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到5×10-4Pa，通入氩气，氩气分压为0.8Pa。
打开电源，施加功率100w，产生等离子体，对神经导管表面溅射处理10分钟，以除去神经导管表面的氧化物，从而增加神经导管与镀膜的附着力。将真空室加热到400℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1.2Pa，镀膜时间为15分钟，冷却后出炉。
(3)将经过镀钛处理的神经导管置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10-4Pa以上，充入氩气，氩气分压为0.6Pa；基材偏压为100V；开启含钽材料靶，含钽材料靶的功率控制在100W，同时在磁控溅射镀膜期间掺杂锌元素，控制锌元素含量在0.1-5％的范围内，磁控溅射镀膜时间为35分钟，冷却后出炉。
实施例3
制造外科补片
(1)将纤维编织的外科补片在蒸馏水和无水乙醇中分别超声清洗10分钟，以清除外科补片表面的油污和灰尘，然后烘干。
(2)将干燥后的外科补片放置到真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到6×10-4Pa，通入氩气，氩气分压为1.0Pa。
打开电源，施加功率100w，产生等离子体，对外科补片表面溅射处理10分钟，以除去外科补片表面的氧化物，从而增加外科补片与镀膜的附着力。将真空室加热到400℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1.0Pa，镀膜时间为10分钟，冷却后出炉。
(3)将经过镀钛处理的外科补片置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10-4Pa以上，充入氩气，氩气分压为1.0Pa；基材偏压为80V；开启含钽材料靶，含钽材料靶的功率控制在120W，同时在磁控溅射镀膜期间掺杂锶元素，控制锶元素含量在0.1-5％的范围内，磁控溅射镀膜时间为30分钟，冷却后出炉。
对本发明实施例1-3制备的纤维及纤维制品进行抗菌性和生物相容性实验。
1、抗菌试验
试件材料：上述实施例1-3制备的纤维及纤维制品。
试件细菌：变形链球菌(ATCC25175)
试件制剂：乳酪消化大豆胨琼脂培养基(TSA)，乳酪消化大豆胨肉汤(TSB),人工唾液(pH值为7.0)，Tris-HCL缓冲液；
试验方法：细菌的复苏、活化：取标准菌冻干菌种管，在无菌操作条件下打开，用吸管吸取适量TSB加入溶解，反复吹吸数次，使菌种融化分散，吸取少许菌种悬液接种于TSB培养液和TSA平板内，在80％N2，10％H2，10％CO2的条件下，置于37℃恒温箱培养48h，光学显微镜下对细菌进行观察，以检查菌种是否纯正。用无菌接种环刮取平板上的细菌，并接种于蛋白胨大豆肉汤，生长至稳定期后，以2000rmp离心15分钟分离细菌，用3mL 50mmol/L的Tris-HCL缓冲液冲洗2次(pH为7.2)，细菌悬浮在缓冲液中，用比浊仪比浊，调整浓度至1.5×105CFU/mL。试件先用无菌NaCl溶液、蒸馏水洗涤几次，取0.2mL的菌液分别滴在含镀层的样品上，表面覆盖灭菌的聚乙烯薄膜，铺平使菌液均匀分布在板表面。置于灭菌皿中于37℃恒温培养箱中培养24小时。取出试件后用含20mL培养液反复洗脱试件和覆盖膜，洗脱完毕后，取0.1mL稀释10、100、1000、lx104、1x105、lx106倍，形成6个浓度梯度。每个梯度的取1mL于TSA培养皿中，放到培养箱中培养24h观察各个梯度的菌落数，选出适合梯度的培养皿，进行菌落数的计算。
试验结果：抗菌率的计算公式为：
抗菌率＝(对照组菌落数—实验组菌落数)/对照组菌落数×100％。
抗菌率均大于99％。
2、生物相容性试验
(1)将实施例2制造的神经导管采用紫外光灭菌，在超净工作台内用无菌剪刀剪成3mm×3mm的矩形样品，样品的覆盖面积应大于孔板面积的四分之一、小于四分之三为宜，对于容易吸水的样品，为防止样品对培养液的吸附，在37±1℃下浸透20min；
(2)通过酶消化法(0.25％的胰蛋白酶)将L929细胞从培养瓶中转移出来，离心细胞悬液(200g，3min)，然后将细胞重悬于培养液中调整细胞浓度为5×104个/mL，接种密度为5,000个/孔(100μl培养液)，于96孔培养板内，轻轻转动培养板，使细胞均匀地分散在器皿的表面。最外一圈的孔只加培养液，不作为测定孔用，每个样品组做5个平行孔。其中左侧和右侧均放置空白对照孔(不加任何样品的细胞培养液)，以判断细胞接种的误差。在37±1℃、5％CO2条件下培养至半汇合单细胞层，通过在相处显微镜下观察，确认细胞接种误差，及细胞的生长状态；
(3)将培养液去除，加入各组样品。其中直接接触样品组需更换100μL培养基后，轻轻地将样品放置在细胞层表面，确保样品至少覆盖细胞层全部表面的四分之一。加样完毕后，轻轻转动96孔培养板，使样品均匀分布在细胞层表面。孵育48h后，至细胞为近汇合；
(4)将直接接触样品用无菌镊子取出(浸提液样品不需处理)。在相差显微镜下观察细胞的生长状态。加入10μL的Cell Counting Kit-8试剂(Dojindo公司)，注意不要在孔中生成气泡，轻轻敲击培养板以混匀，继续孵育2h。在酶标仪下分别测定5个孔的450nm处的光密度值，并计算细胞相对增殖率。
测定的平均细胞相对增殖率为86.27％，毒性级别为1，表现出较弱的细胞毒性，有着良好的生物相容性，使用安全。
3、人工皮肤实验
本发明利用钽易粘附细胞的特点，在镀钽并掺杂锶的网织物上先进行皮肤细胞体外増殖，再将粘附皮肤细胞网片贴附在皮肤缺损处，当皮肤生长完成后，把网丝逐根抽出，保留皮肤组织，达到植皮的效果。
通过30例动物试验，本发明实施例3的外科补片作为人工皮肤生长速度优于对照组30％以上，愈后无明显瘢痕生成。对皮肤感染动物模型，根据本发明的人工皮肤对感染控制及治愈率大于95％。
以上试验结果说明根据本发明的纤维及纤维制品有着良好的抗菌性能和生物相容性。
上文对本发明优选的具体实施方式和实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式和实施例，在本领域技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明构思的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种高生物相容性纤维，包括纤维基材和镀层，所述镀层包括在纤维基材上形成的钛镀层以及在钛镀层上形成的含钽镀层，其中，所述含钽镀层中含有锶元素，以重量百分比计，锶元素含量为0.1-5％；所述钛镀层是采用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在纤维基材上镀钛形成的，所述含钽镀层是采用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料形成的；所述钛镀层的厚度为20-30nm，含钽镀层的厚度为60-100nm；
所述的高生物相容性纤维的制造方法，包括：
(1)将纤维基材清洗并干燥；
(2)利用等离子体化学气相沉积方法在干燥后的纤维基材上镀钛；
(3)利用物理气相沉积方法在钛膜层上镀含钽材料；
其中，在镀含钽材料的步骤中，掺杂锶元素；
其中步骤(2)包括：
(i)将干燥后的纤维基材置于等离子体化学气相沉积系统的真空室中，抽真空以使真空室的真空度达到3×10-4Pa以下，通入氩气，氩气分压为0.5～20Pa；
(ii)打开等离子体源，并将真空室加热到300-700℃，然后向真空室中通入反应气体TiCl4，气压为1～50Pa，镀膜时间为5-30分钟，冷却后出炉；
其中步骤(3)包括：
将经过镀钛处理的纤维基材置于物理气相沉积系统中，反应室抽真空至6×10-4Pa，充入氩气，氩气分压为0.5-5Pa，开启含钽材料靶，磁控溅射镀膜时间为10-60分钟，冷却后出炉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高生物相容性纤维，其中，所述纤维基材选自有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维以及由它们形成的纤维制品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高生物相容性纤维，其中，所述纤维制品包括神经导管、外科补片、人工血管及血管缝合线、人工肌腱、人工皮肤、烧伤创伤敷料、引流片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高生物相容性纤维，其中，所述含钽材料选自纯钽、钛钽、氧化钽、氮化钽和氮氧化钽。
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