CN106937986A - 一种降血糖的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种降血糖的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106937986A CN106937986A CN201710205467.3A CN201710205467A CN106937986A CN 106937986 A CN106937986 A CN 106937986A CN 201710205467 A CN201710205467 A CN 201710205467A CN 106937986 A CN106937986 A CN 106937986A
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- fruit
- root
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- chinese wolfberry
- kudzu vine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种降血糖的组合物及其制备方法,属于保健食品领域,由以下重量份的原料组成:黑木耳50‑90份,芹菜籽80‑120份,枸杞子20‑60份,葛根60‑120份,经过酶解、水提、醇提、灭菌等工艺制备。本发明中黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根经酶解提取后活性物质含量明显增加,降血糖作用得到提升;此外,芹菜籽对治疗高血压有特殊疗效,其提取物中含丰富的黄酮类物质,对高尿酸血症及其引起的肾功能损害有一定保护作用;四者按照特定比例组合,协同增效,使机体血糖有效降低;本发明以天然植物为原材料,安全性好,可以长期服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品领域,具体涉及一种降血糖的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
空腹血糖正常值在6.1mmol/L以下,餐后两小时血糖的正常值在7.8mmol/L以下,如果高于这一范围,称为高血糖。血糖升高,尿糖增多,可引发渗透性利尿,从而引起多尿的症状;血糖升高、大量水分丢失,血渗透压也会相应升高,高血渗可刺激下丘脑的口渴中枢,从而引起口渴、多饮的症状;由于胰岛素相对或绝对的缺乏,导致体内葡萄糖不能被利用,蛋白质和脂肪消耗增多,从而引起乏力、体重减轻;为了补偿损失的糖分,维持机体活动,需要多进食;这就形成了典型的“三多一少”症状。糖尿病患者的多饮、多尿症状与病情的严重程度呈正比。另外,值得注意的是,患者吃得越多,血糖就越高,尿中失糖也越多,饥饿感也就越厉害,最终导致了恶性循环。
黑木耳是一种药食兼用的真菌,含有多糖、黑色素等多种活性成分,能够促进肝胆循环、降低血液凝块,缓和冠状动脉粥样硬化,是一种理想的保健品。现代医学研究证实黑木耳提取物中的黑木耳多糖成分有很重要的生理功能,如黑木耳多糖可使进食高脂肪胆固醇饲料小鼠的总胆固醇(TC)、游离胆固醇(FVCC)、胆固醇酯(CnE)、甘油三脂(TG)和β—脂蛋白(β—LP)含量明显降低。由于黑木耳多糖可减弱四氧嘧啶对胰岛B细胞的损伤或改善受损细胞,从而增加胰岛素的分泌,因此具有降低血糖的作用。无论在疾病的预防或日常保健中,黑木耳都凸显其难以替代的作用。
枸杞子是我国传统的滋补中药材,其具有坚筋骨,明目安神,令人长寿等功效。食用枸杞子可减少糖尿病视网膜氧化。枸杞果实中研究最多的成分是水溶性的枸杞多糖(LBP),其具有调节糖代谢,改善氧化应激标志物,保护肝肾组织免受链脲霉素造成的损害的功效。此外,枸杞多糖具有很多免疫调节功能,包括各种免疫细胞的活化,保证人体健康。
葛根中主要成分是淀粉,此外含有约12%的黄酮类化合物,包括大豆(黄豆)甙、大豆甙元、葛根素等10余种;并含有胡萝卜甙、氨基酸、香豆素类等;还有蛋白质、氨基酸、糖、和人体必需的铁、钙、铜、硒等矿物质,是老少皆宜的补品。其中,葛根素有明显降低血糖的作用。
芹菜籽所含降压、降脂成分是芹菜的的50倍,长期服用远远优于其他中西药品,无任何毒副作用。国内外文献报道芹菜籽的乙醇提取物具有明显的防治心血管疾病、抗癌、抗脑缺血、降尿酸、抗炎等药理作用。CN102048775A曾公开芹菜籽乙醇提取物、芹菜籽乙酸乙酯萃取物及分离得到的柯伊利素、木樨草素和芹菜素具有显著的抑制尿酸生成的作用,是黄嘌呤氧化酶的竞争性抑制剂。
目前治疗高血压高血糖的方法多为西药治疗,虽然见效快,但在一定程度上对人体有副作用,损害人体健康。以天然植物芹菜籽、黑木耳、枸杞子、葛根经处理,按照一定工艺制成的组合物,对降低人体血压血糖有更为安全有效的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以黑木耳、芹菜籽、葛根、枸杞子为主要成分,安全性好、利于人体吸收且能显著降低血糖的组合物及其制备方法。
本发明通过以下的技术方案实现:
一种降血糖的组合物,由以下重量份的原料组成:黑木耳50-90份,芹菜籽80-120份,枸杞子20-60份,葛根60-120份。
优选地,由以下重量份的原料组成:黑木耳60份,芹菜籽100份,枸杞子40份,葛根100份。
进一步地,一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取相应重量份的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的10-25倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在40-60℃下,调节溶液pH为4-6,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解30-60min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3-4h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20-35倍,水温为70℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在40-80℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取相应重量份的芹菜籽,用80%(v/v)乙醇在45-65℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50-60℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200-270目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根经酶解提取后活性物质含量明显增加,降血糖作用得到提升;此外,芹菜籽对治疗高血压有特殊疗效,其提取物中含丰富的黄酮类物质,对高尿酸血症及其引起的肾功能损害有一定保护作用;四者按照特定比例组合,协同增效,使机体血糖有效降低;本发明以天然植物为原材料,安全性好,可以长期服用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳50g、枸杞子20g、葛根80g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在50℃下,调节溶液pH为5,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解45min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为70-80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽80g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在45-65℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例2
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳90g、枸杞子60g、葛根120g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在50℃下,调节溶液pH为5,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解45min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为70℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽120g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在50℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例3
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳60g、枸杞子40g、葛根100g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在50℃下,调节溶液pH为5,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解45min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为70℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽100g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在45-65℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例4
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳60g、枸杞子40g、葛根100g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在50℃下,调节溶液pH为4.8,加入酶活为4万u/g的木聚糖酶酶解45min,木聚糖酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽100g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在45-65℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例5
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳60g、枸杞子40g、葛根100g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在55℃下,调节溶液pH为5,加入酶活为4万u/g的淀粉酶酶解45min,淀粉酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3.5h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽100g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在50℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例6
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳60g、枸杞子40g、葛根100g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在50℃下,调节溶液pH为5,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解45min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3.5h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取芹菜籽100g,用80%(v/v)乙醇在60℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
实施例7
一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取黑木耳60g、枸杞子40g、葛根100g,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在55℃下,调节溶液pH为4.8,加入酶活为3万u/g的纤维素酶酶解45min,纤维素酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3.5h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的30倍,水温为80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取相应重量份的芹菜籽,用80%(v/v)乙醇在60℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
试验1:降血糖作用实验
糖尿病大鼠模型建立:取四周龄大鼠,雄性,普通级。提前禁食16h,而后对其进行STZ(柠檬酸缓冲液配制)尾静脉注射60mg/kg,注射72小时后测其血糖,检验模型成功与否。
动物分组和处理:将本发明组合物作为添加剂对大鼠进行投喂。将糖尿病大鼠随机分组,分别为模型组(投喂正常饲料)、阳性对照组(投喂未经提取原料的饲料)、三个实验组(分别投喂添加实施例1、2、3制备的组合物的饲料),同时设置空白组(未造模且投喂正常饲料)。每组均连续投喂28天,投喂量为0.1g/kg,即为每千克体重的大鼠添加0.23g相应的添加物,每日投喂3次,末次投喂12h后测血糖,并记录。
实验结果:采用SPSS统计分析软件进行数据处理,所有数据以平均值±标准差表示,组间差异用单因素方差分析处理;测定结果如表1所示;
表1
注:与空白组比较,aP<0.05,aaP<0.01;与模型组比较,bP<0.05,bbP<0.01。
由表中可以看出投喂实施例制备的组合物均具有降血糖作用且投喂实施例3中组合物的降血糖作用极为显著;表明通过优化原料配比,即黑木耳、枸杞子、葛根、芹菜籽重量比为3:2:5:5时,制成的组合物降血糖效果较好。此外,通过比较,本发明以配方黑木耳60重量份,枸杞子40重量份,葛根100重量份,芹菜籽100重量份(以干燥品计算)为最优配方。
试验2:组合物主要活性成分检测
对实施例3、4、5、6、7制备的组合物的主要活性成分(多糖、总黄酮)进行含量检测。多糖含量检测采用DNS法,实验证明,该法具有快速,灵敏度高,杂质干扰小等优点。总黄酮则采用Al(NO3)3-NaNO2分光光度法,以芦丁(标准品)作对照,于特征峰下比色测定。
实验结果如表2所示;
表2
从表中可以看出,通过优化提取工艺后,实施例3到实施例7制备的组合物中的多糖和总黄酮含量逐渐增加,降血糖活性得到提升。其中,酶解所用生物酶最优选为纤维素酶。因此,本发明组合物具有良好的降血糖功效,且可以长期服用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种降血糖的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:黑木耳50-90份,芹菜籽80-120份,枸杞子20-60份,葛根60-120份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种降血糖的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组成:黑木耳60份,芹菜籽100份,枸杞子40份,葛根100份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种降血糖的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)称取相应重量份的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根,加入纯化水,纯化水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的10-25倍,混合搅拌;
(2)在40-60℃下,调节溶液pH为4-6,加入酶活为4万u/g的果胶酶酶解30-60min,果胶酶的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的1%;
(3)将步骤(2)酶解后的溶液进行水提3-4h,水的加入量为黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根总重的20-35倍,水温为70-80℃,过滤得提取液;
(4)将提取液浓缩至密度为0.5g/mL,冷却后边搅拌边加入80%(v/v)乙醇,80%(v/v)乙醇的加入量为浓缩液体积的5倍,混合均匀后,密封冷藏30h,然后过滤,将过滤液在40-80℃条件下真空干燥得到黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物;
(5)称取相应重量份的芹菜籽,用80%(v/v)乙醇在45-65℃下回流提取1.5h,80%(v/v)乙醇的量为芹菜籽重量的5倍,提取2次,然后减压回收乙醇,最后将提取液在50-60℃条件下真空干燥得到芹菜籽提取物;
(6)将步骤(4)制得的黑木耳、枸杞子和葛根的混合提取物与步骤(5)制得的芹菜籽提取物粉碎,然后混合均匀,过200-270目筛即得组合物;
(7)将组合物于紫外线下照射30min,然后避光保存。
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