CN106922202A - 电池壳体 - Google Patents

电池壳体 Download PDF

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CN106922202A
CN106922202A CN201580052270.XA CN201580052270A CN106922202A CN 106922202 A CN106922202 A CN 106922202A CN 201580052270 A CN201580052270 A CN 201580052270A CN 106922202 A CN106922202 A CN 106922202A
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battery container
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弗兰克·奥柏里斯特
马丁·格拉茨
乔基姆·乔治·罗特
彼得·吉泽
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Aobailisite Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/06—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line using only one supply
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电池壳体，特别是用于混合驱动系统的蓄能器，包括管状主体和插入主体的至少两个端接盖，所述端接盖每个具有盖板，所述盖板沿主体的纵向方向向内偏移并支撑主体的壳壁，其中每个端接盖焊接到主体上并且形成电池壳体的所有接点而无需单独的连接元件。

Description

电池壳体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池壳体，尤其是用于混合驱动的蓄能器。本发明还涉及一种用于制备例如用于机动车辆的混合驱动的作为蓄电池的这类蓄能器的壳体的方法。
背景技术
用于机动车辆的电动驱动和混合驱动的蓄电池通常由布置在壳体内的电池组装而成。这些电池优选组合形成若干个层并通过冷却元件受温度控制，它们布置在壳体内并且每个与电池的电极以热-传导方式接触。在壳体上提供用于供应和排放冷却流的流体连接器，以便于形成冷却回路。此外，在壳体上还布置有用于连接电池单元的电连接器。
从现有技术例如EP 1 109 543 A1已知这种壳体结构。该文件公开了一种由钢制成的双壁金属壳体，呈立方体形，以气密方式表面封闭。排空两个壳壁之间的室并用绝缘材料填充。存储单元和(用于冷却)的热交换器布置在壳体的内部并且必要时可从壳体除去。为此，立方形壳体在其末端面通过可除去的塞子封闭，它同样是双壁的并且其中以整合方式布置冷却介质管线，并通过热交换器提供和排放冷却介质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是进一步研发用于这种电池的壳体，从而使所述电池是可靠的，并且在撞击情况下适当的进一步改善其安全性(避免发生短路的风险和可能引发的大火)。
本发明通过构建用于电池形蓄能器的壳体实现了该目的，所述壳体具有基本上呈管状的主体，在其端部具有至少两个开口，在每个开口内端接盖与盖板沿主体的纵向方向向内偏移，以形状-配合方式插入并以支撑方式依靠在壳壁上，并且其中端接盖在此位置焊接主体。
如果主体和端接盖各自由具有相同材料性能的材料制备，尤其是钢或钢合金，是特别有利的。
壳体应当具有最多四个，但优选最多三个的连续密封焊缝。
由两个弯曲金属板构建主体是特别有利的，所述金属板基本上成形获得C-型材，并将这两个金属板沿其纵向边通过焊接彼此接触，从而形成基本上呈矩形-立方形管型材。
用于封闭主体的端部开口的盖板可基本上从其右角延伸至主体的纵轴，并且可具有用于插入电连接器和/或流体连接器的开口。本文中，在每种情况下所述盖板具有封闭外围的边线法兰，其与盖板形成一体并沿主体的纵向方向向外延伸，在该位置插入主体的开口并因此焊接主体。边线法兰优选具有外边，所述外边以与主体的一侧端部齐平的方式终止。
根据本发明的壳体可固定至车辆，优选通过至少一个固定法兰从外部焊接主体。由于这种外部固定法兰的布置，可在车辆上提供单独布置，大部分独立于车辆的几何结构。此外，通过焊接主体、端接盖，和将一个或多个固定法兰焊接至壳体，因而在壳体部件之间不再需要任何其他连接工具。因此明显改善了结构的稳定性和在潜在事故情况下的安全性。
主体和端接盖的材料厚度可优选为2mm-5mm，尤其是2.5mm-4mm，尤其是2.8mm-3.5mm，尤其是3mm。基于这种设计，在至少20次、尤其是至少30次、尤其是至少40次、尤其是至少50次的冲击力的作用下，可使电池壳体是尺寸稳定的，至少在主体的纵向方向上，所述力的单位为重力(g)。
电池形式的蓄能器，尤其是用于机动车辆的混合驱动，包括至少一根据本发明的壳体，所述壳体可构建至少一冷却元件和至少一由电池单元形成的单元块，所述电池单元由圆形单元形成，其中冷却元件和单元块布置在壳体内，本文中，冷却元件可布置在单元块和壳体之间，其中在冷却元件和壳体之间提供压力袋，其中所述压力袋包括固化塑料并导致客体至少一部分向外膨胀，从而使壳体通过压力袋在冷却元件和单元块上表现出向内导向的支撑力。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆，尤其是混合动力车辆，包括至少一用于蓄能器的壳体和/或至少一电池。
基于这种用于蓄能器的壳体的设计，特别有利的是，电连接器和用于冷却流的连接器可完全单独布置并且彼此有较大距离，尤其是在端接盖的盖板中的电连接器布置在主体的一个端面，并且在相对主体的末端的端接盖中形成用于冷却流的连接器(提供和排放)。这种空间-间隔布置对于相应的电连接器的安全引导也是特别有利的，所述电连接器单独引导来自电子壳体的内部的冷却流。
制备用于机动车辆、尤其是混合动力车辆的蓄能器或电池系统的壳体的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
-将钢板弯曲形成C-型材；
-组装两个C-型材形成基本上呈立方形的主体，其为方形中空型材；
-焊接两个C-型材的纵向边；
-在主体的末端开口布置两个端接盖，其中所述端接盖布置在方形中空型材的内部，与盖板一起沿主体的纵向方向向内偏移；
-将端接盖焊接至主体。
基于示例性实施方案并结合附图，本发明主题的特征和细节将在下文进行更详细的解释。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的壳体或电池的透视图，其中省略立方形壳体的侧壁；和
图2示出根据本发明的端接盖的布置的透视图；
图3、4和5示出固定法兰焊接壳体的主体的布置方法。
具体实施方式
在各附图中，示出了包括壳体11的电池系统10。该电池系统10特别适合用于车辆，例如具有混合驱动的机动车辆。车辆，尤其是机动车辆，在本文中应理解为意指在陆地、空中、或水中移动的车辆。
壳体11基本上由管状主体12构建而成，其中在附图示出的示例性实施方案中，所述壳体11基本上具有矩形-立方形的基本外形。这种立方形的基本外形可通过以下方法实现：优选将两个钢板弯曲形成基本上呈C-型材，然后将它们连接在一起形成立方形主体12，并以密封方式沿其纵向端对接焊接在一起。
壳体11内部布置多个电池单元17和冷却元件18。
端接盖19或20以支撑方式插入(形状-配合)管状主体12的每个开口末端。端接盖19和20在此位置焊接至管状主体12的壁上，其中如果每个外围边线法兰21的末端边以支撑方式与主体12的各端齐平，是有利的。因此可以特别简单的方式实现将插入的端接盖19、20密封焊接至管状主体12。
用于电池单元17的电连接器布置在端接盖19中。除了电源插座22之外，还可配置例如电子插座23(参看图2)。电源插座22用于将电能存储在电池17内或给电池单元充电；电子插座23可在壳体11内对电子元件产生连接，并且例如可在电池系统10和车辆电子系统(例如公交车系统)之间用于信号和/或数据的交换。支撑这些的电源插座22和电子插座23以及元件24以密封方式密封、固定在端接盖19上。
开口或阀门25，优选与电连接器22和23有一定距离，可在端接盖19中额外布置。端接盖19中的阀门开口承载一用于改进维护的外部阀门，该阀门例如可配置风干工具。所述风干工具应当直接放置在阀门开口上，从而在壳体11内提供该效果，并因此可连续除去壳体11内的水分。
端接盖20插入管状主体12的侧末端，或者壳体11以相对于端接盖19的插入方式以密封方式焊接。在另一情况下，端接盖19、端接盖20的盖板19.1或20.1沿主体12的纵向方向向内偏移，即通过外围边线法兰21偏移。然而，与端接盖19或盖板19.1相比较，电子连接器或电连接器没有被引入端接盖20或盖板20.1中，而是引入连接器26中用于提供和排放冷流。冷流连接器26的这布置将电连接器22和23完全分开，出于安全原因是特别重要的。
端接盖19与其整合的盖板19.1以及外围边线法兰21的设计特别是如图2所示，其大部分与端接盖20与其盖板20.1的结构设计相同，提供以下优势：一方面，不仅通过端接盖19和20的支撑依靠设计实现提高壳体11的稳定性，而且还在连接器接点处很容易实现特别简单的流体气密性的固定。然而，此外，尤其实现了流体连接器26和电连接器22与23以及阀门25在管状主体12的纵向方向以保护空间的方式向内偏移的布置。
对于碰撞安全性和稳定性而言，特别有利的是，由具有相同材料性能的材料，但是特别是钢或钢合金制备壳体11的所有组件：具有C-型材的主体12、端接盖19和20，以及固定电连接器、阀门、流体连接器的组件。本文中，已证明主体12和端接盖19与20的壁厚为2mm-5mm时是特别有利的；约3mm的壁厚是非常特别有利的。
此外还可改善设计的稳定性，并且特别是电池系统的碰撞稳定性，其中冷却元件布置在壳体11内部的由电池单元17形成的单元块和管状主体12的内壁之间，并且至少一个压力袋布置在冷却元件和主体12的内壁之间，其中所述压力袋包括固化塑料并支撑管状主体12或者由于它至少一部分向外膨胀，从而使壳体能够在冷却元件和单元块上通过压力袋表现出向内的直接支撑力。
图3-5示出了在机动车辆中固定电池壳体的可能形式。为此，提议在管状主体12的任意接点焊接多个向外的固定法兰27，其中固定法兰例如旨在将电池系统10螺丝结合至车辆的结构上。由于固定法兰27被固定在壳体11的任意接点，固定到汽车几何结构的每个改变是很容易实现的。固定法兰27的数量和位置可根据实际情况任意选择。通过在固定法兰27上的焊接的这种固定形式是特别有利的，还可考虑的事实是，通过外部焊接固定法兰27，就碰撞安全性，特别是保护壳体11内部的功能组件而言，壳体11的稳定性一点也没有受损。当然，如根据图3-4的实例所示，可以想象到固定法兰不仅在壳体11的狭窄壁上，而且还可在上壁或下壁，取决于车辆的要求。
附图标记：
10 电池系统
11 壳体
12 管状主体
17 电池单元
18 冷却元件
19 端接盖
19.1 盖板
20 端接盖
20.1 19或20的边线法兰
21 盖板
22 电源插座
23 电子插座
24 组件
25 阀门/阀门开口
26 用于冷却流的流体连接器
27 固定法兰

Claims (14)

1.一种电池壳体，尤其是用于混合驱动的蓄能器，包括管状主体和至少两个端接盖，所述端接盖插入主体中并且每个具有一盖板，所述盖板沿主体的纵向方向向内偏移并支撑主体的壳壁，其中每个端接盖焊接主体并形成电池壳体的所有接点而无需单独的连接元件。
2.根据权利要求1的所述电池壳体，其特征在于，所述主体和端接盖各自由具有相同材料性能的材料形成，尤其是钢或钢合金。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，至少四个，尤其是至少三个连续密封焊缝。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，所述主体由各自弯曲成C-型材的两个金属板形成，所述金属板沿其纵向边彼此焊接，从而形成基本上呈矩形的管型材。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，所述盖板基本上沿其右角延伸至主体的纵轴并具有用于引导通过电子连接器和/或流体连接器的开口。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，所述端接盖每个具有与盖板形成一体的外围边线法兰，沿主体的纵向方向外延伸并焊接到主体上。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，所述边线法兰具有外边，所述外边以与主体的一侧端部齐平的方式终止。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，至少一个固定法兰焊接主体并且适合用于将主体固定到车辆上。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，所述主体和端接盖各自的壁厚度为2mm-5mm，尤其是2.5mm-4mm，尤其是2.8mm-3.5mm，尤其是3mm。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体，其特征在于，在至少20次，尤其是至少30次，尤其是至少40次，尤其是至少50次的冲击力的作用下，所述电池壳体在主体的纵向方向上至少是稳定的，所述力的单位为重力(g)。
11.一种电池，尤其是用于混合驱动，包括根据前述权利要求任一项所述的电池壳体、至少一冷却元件和至少一由电池单元形成的单元块，所述电池单元为圆形单元，其中所述冷却元件和单元块布置在电池壳体内。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，所述冷却元件布置在单元块和电池壳体之间，其中在冷却元件和电池壳体之间配置有压力袋，所述压力袋包括固化塑料并导致电池壳体至少一部分向外膨胀，从而使电池壳体通过压力袋在冷却元件和单元块上表现出向内导向的支撑力。
13.一种机动车辆，尤其是混合动力车辆，包括至少一电池壳体和/或至少一根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的电池。
14.一种制备根据前述权利要求的任一项所述的电池壳体或电池或机动车辆的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-将钢板弯曲形成C-型材；
-焊接两个C-型材的纵向边形成主体，所述主体为方形中空型材；
-在主体的端部布置两个端接盖，其中所述端接盖布置在方形中空型材内；
-将端接盖焊接主体。
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