CN106905292A - 一种制备杂环碳酸酯的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种杂环碳酸酯的制备方法,其主要步骤是:在有催化剂及50℃~90℃条件下,由式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物于无水烷基取代苯中反应8小时至24小时,得到目标物;其中,所述的催化剂为Novozym435酶;所述无水烷基取代苯的用量为200mL~1000mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物;X为硫,双硫基,硒,双硒基,碲或双碲基;R1和R2分别独立选自芳环基或取代芳环基中一种;m为1~4的整数;n为1~4的整数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳酸酯的制备方法,具体地说,涉及一种杂环碳酸酯的制备方法。
背景技术
脂肪族聚碳酸酯(APC)具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,与其它脂肪族聚酯(如聚己内酯(PCL)和聚丙交酯(PLA)等)相比,其降解产物为二氧化碳和二元醇,无酸累积效应,不会产生严重的组织炎症等不良反应,因此在生物医学的各个领域得到广泛应用(CN104031248A,Laetitia Mespouille et al.Progress in Polymer Science 2014,39,1144-1164,Sangho Cho et al.Macromolecules 2015,48,8797-8805)。然而,传统的APC材料结构单一,缺乏进一步反应的官能团,往往难以满足生物医学的多样性需求。因此,APC的功能化的研究备受关注。
已有文献报道了含有氨基、羟基、羧基、碘和乙烯基等功能性基团的环状碳酸酯单体,其开环聚合得到仅是在侧链上带有上述功能性基团的聚碳酸酯(CN 104672199A,CN104496823A,J.B.Wolinsk et al.Macromolecules 2007,40,7065-7068,J.Feng etal.Progress in Polymer Science 2012,37,211–236)。鲜有文献报道主链上含有功能性基团的聚碳酸酯结构。
中国专利文献CN 101544751A公开了一种通过含氮(N)杂环大环碳酸酯的开环聚合得到了主链含有叔胺基团的功能性聚碳酸酯(其是一种可降解的具有pH响应性的水溶性聚碳酸酯)。此外,由于元素周期表中ⅥA族元素具有优异的氧化还原响应性,在药物载体,基因载体等领域具有潜在的应用价值(Q Xu,et al,Macromolecular Bioscience,2016,16,635-646;W Lu,et al,ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7,16054-16060,MHuo,et al,Polymer Chemistry,2014,5,1519-1528),因此如能实现在聚碳酸酯主链上引入ⅥA族元素的功能性基团(如硫(S)或双硫基(-S-S-),硒(Se)或双硒基(-Se-Se-),碲(Te)或双碲基(-Te-Te-)等),可以极大丰富和拓展聚碳酸酯的用途。
然而,目前含杂原子的杂环碳酸酯单体较难制备。如在中国专利文献CN101544751A中,杂环碳酸酯单体:6,14-二甲基-1,3,9,11-四氧-6,14-二氮-环十六噁烷-2,10-二酮,需通过220℃~300℃真空裂解得到。
鉴于此,如何能在温和的条件下制得杂环碳酸酯单体,成为本发明需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明所要制备的杂环碳酸酯,其为式Ⅰ所示化合物:
式Ⅰ中,X为硫(S),双硫基(-S-S-),硒(Se),双硒基(-Se-Se-),碲(Te)或双碲基(-Te-Te-);m为1~4的整数;n为1~4的整数。
本发明提供的制备式Ⅰ所示化合物的方法,其主要步骤是:在有催化剂及50℃~90℃条件下,由式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物于无水烷基取代苯(反应介质)中反应8小时至24小时,得到目标物(式Ⅰ所示化合物);
其中,所述的催化剂为Novozym435酶;无水烷基取代苯(反应介质)的用量为200mL~1000mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物(即每克式Ⅱ所示化合物,需要无水烷基取代苯(反应介质)为200mL~1000mL);R1和R2分别独立选自芳环基或取代芳环基中一种;X,m和n的定义与前文所述相同。
具体实施方式
在本发明一个优选的技术方案中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物的反应温度为60℃~80℃,反应时间为10小时至16小时。
在本发明另一个优选的技术方案中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物于无水甲苯(反应介质)中反应,且无水甲苯的用量为500mL~700mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物。
在本发明又一个优选的技术方案中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物的摩尔比为1∶1.2~1∶2.0。
在本发明又一个优选的技术方案中,R1和R2均为苯基。
综上,本发明提供的制备式Ⅰ所示化合物的方法,其具体步骤包括:在有催化剂及60℃~80℃条件下,由式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物(R1和R2均为苯基)于无水甲苯(反应介质)中反应10小时至16小时,得到目标物(式Ⅰ所示化合物)。
其中,无水甲苯的用量为500mL~700mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物的摩尔比为1∶1.2~1∶2.0。
本发明成功地在温和的条件下制得了杂环碳酸酯单体,所制备的杂环碳酸酯单体开环聚合后得到的聚碳酸酯主链上含有S,-S-S-,Se,-Se-Se-,Te或-Te-Te-等功能性基团,从而赋予了聚碳酸酯优异的氧化还原响应性,使其在“药物控释”领域具备应用价值。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步阐述,其目的仅在于更好理解本发明的内容。因此,所举之例不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
HOCH2CH2SeSeCH2CH2OH的合成:
将硼氢化钠(3.5g,0.092mol)和去离子水(150mL)置于500mL反应瓶中,搅拌形成无色透明溶液,然后加入硒粉(7.3g,0.092mol),室温下反应30min,得到红褐色的Na2Se2溶液直接用于下一步反应(当硼氢化钠与硒的摩尔比例为2∶1或者大于2:1时,可以得到Na2Se溶液,可用于合成HOCH2CH2SeCH2CH2OH(简记为“单硒乙醇”)。
氩气保护下,加入溴乙醇(11.6g,0.092mol)的THF溶液(140mL),于50℃下反应6h。停止反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用无水硫酸镁干燥,经硅胶柱柱分离(淋洗液为乙酸乙酯∶二氯甲烷=1∶1(v/v))得到化合物(HOCH2CH2SeSeCH2CH2OH,简记为“双硒乙醇”)。
实施例2
式Ⅰ-1所示化合物的合成:
将双硒乙醇(0.5g,2.0mmol)加入到预先烘烤过三次的反应球瓶中,抽真空5h完全除去残留的水分,然后加入250mL无水甲苯,搅拌至形成黄色透明溶液。加入二苯基碳酸酯(0.65g,3.0mmol)和0.65g脂肪酶Novozym435,于70℃下反应12h。停止反应,过滤除去酶,减压蒸馏除去甲苯,经硅胶柱分离(淋洗液为二氯甲烷)得到粗产物,乙酸乙酯重结晶进一步纯化得到目标物(式Ⅰ-1所示化合物),产率53.2%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.41(t,J=6.8Hz,8H,a),3.25(t,J=6.8Hz,8H,b);
13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):154.59,67.39,27.48;
HRMS(ESI,m/z):M+C10H16O6Se4Na计算值:572.7522;测得值:572.7567。
实施例3
式Ⅰ-1所示化合物的合成中甲苯用量对产物产率的影响:
除甲苯的用量不同外,其它条件及试剂与实施例2相同,研究甲苯用量对化合物的合成和产率的影响。具体结果见表1.。
表1.
a每克式Ⅱ所示化合物,需要无水甲苯的用量
实施例4
式Ⅰ-2所示化合物的合成:
除以HOCH2CH2SSCH2CH2OH替换实施例2中双硒乙醇外,其它条件及试剂与实施例2相同,得到目标物(式Ⅰ-2所示化合物)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.38(t,J=6.5Hz,8H,a),3.06(t,J=6.5Hz,8H,b);
13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):154.62,66.03,38.08;
HRMS(ESI,m/z):M+C10H16O6S4Na计算值:382.9727;测得值:382.9729。
实施例5
式Ⅰ-3所示化合物的合成:
除以HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH替换实施例2中双硒乙醇外,其它条件及试剂与实施例2相同,得到目标物(式Ⅰ-3所示化合物)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.39(t,J=6.0Hz,8H,a),2.90(t,J=6.0Hz,8H,b);
13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):154.87,66.92,31.22;
HRMS(ESI,m/z):M+C10H16O6S2Na计算值:319.0286;测得值:319.0288。
实施例6
式Ⅰ-4所示化合物的合成:
除以HOCH2CH2N(CH3)CH2CH2OH替换实施例2中双硒乙醇外,其它条件及试剂与实施例2相同,唯一不同的是层柱析采用的淋洗液为甲醇:乙酸乙酯=1∶1(v/v)。得到目标物(式Ⅰ-4所示化合物)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.20(t,8H,a),2.69(t,8H,b)2.35(s,6H,c);
13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δ,ppm):155.4,55.9,42.8。
实施例7
主链带有双硒功能性基团聚碳酸酯(式A所示聚合物)的制备:
将120mg(0.22mmol)干燥好的式Ⅰ-1所示化合物和聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG2000)(30mg,0.015mmol)加入到预先烘烤过三次的聚合瓶中,抽真空3-10h除去体系微量的水分,加入12-30mg的Novozym435,1.5mL甲苯,于70℃下反应24h。停止反应,用少量二氯甲烷稀释,过滤除去酶(Novozym435),用无水乙醚沉降三次干燥即可得到目标物(式A所示聚合物,数均分子量Mn=9200,p=26)。
1H NMR(400M,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.43(t,-OCOCH2-),3.18(t,-CH2SeSeCH2-),3.65(s,-OCH2CH2O-,mPEG),3.38(s,CH3O-)。
实施例8
主链带有双硫功能性基团聚碳酸酯(式B所示聚合物)的制备:
将180mg(0.5mmol)干燥好的式Ⅰ-2所示化合物加入到预先烘烤过三次的聚合瓶中,抽真空3-10h除去体系微量的水分,加入50μL(0.025mmol,苯甲醇)预先配置好的苯甲醇的甲苯溶液,依次加入18mg的Novozym435,1.8mL甲苯,在70℃条件下反应12h。然后用少量二氯甲烷稀释,过滤除去酶(Novozym435),用50mL无水乙醚沉降两次,抽真空干燥即可得到目标物(式B所示聚合物,数均分子量Mn=8030,p=44)。
1H NMR(400M,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.41(t,-COCH2-),2.98(t,-CH2SSCH2-),5.17(s,-CH2OCO-)7.33-7.40(m,C6H5-)。
实施例9
主链带有单硫功能性基团聚碳酸酯(式C所示聚合物)的制备:
将296mg(1mmol)干燥好的式Ⅰ-3所示化合物加入到预先烘烤过三次的聚合瓶中,抽真空3-10h除去体系微量的水分,加入20μL(0.01mmol,苯甲醇)预先配置好的苯甲醇的甲苯溶液,加入30mg的Novozym435,3mL甲苯,在70℃条件下反应12h。反应结束后,用少量二氯甲烷稀释,过滤除去酶(Novozym435),用100mL无水乙醚沉降,抽真空干燥即可得到目标物(式C所示聚合物,数均分子量Mn=29100,p=196)。
1H NMR(400M,CDCl3,δ,ppm):4.30(t,-COCH2-),2.84(t,-CH2SCH2-),5.17(s,-CH2OCO-)7.33-7.40(m,C6H5-)。
Claims (5)
1.一种制备式Ⅰ所示化合物的方法,其主要步骤是:在有催化剂及50℃~90℃条件下,由式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物于无水烷基取代苯中反应8小时至24小时,得到目标物;
其中,所述的催化剂为Novozym435酶;所述无水烷基取代苯的用量为200mL~1000mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物;X为硫,双硫基,硒,双硒基,碲或双碲基;R1和R2分别独立选自芳环基或取代芳环基中一种;m为1~4的整数;n为1~4的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物的反应温度为60℃~80℃,反应时间为10小时至16小时。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物于无水甲苯中反应,且无水甲苯的用量为500mL~700mL/克·式Ⅱ所示化合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,式Ⅱ所示化合物与式Ⅲ所示化合物的的摩尔比为1∶1.2~1∶2.0。
5.如权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,其中,R1和R2均为苯基。
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