CN106900196A - Discarded rare-earth mining area Soil Slope is three-dimensional to repair ecological net and its maintenance process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of three-dimensional reparation ecological net and its maintenance process of discarded rare-earth mining area Soil Slope, belong to Abandoned Land of Mine soil ecology recovery technique field.Ecological net is：In soil（00）Surface artificial excavate corresponding irrigation canals and ditches, by solid native device（10）It is fixed in irrigation canals and ditches in order, and the soil that will be excavated（00）Backfilled, it is ensured that Gu native device（10）3/4 be embedded in soil（00）The inside；Described solid native device（10）It is：By vertical timber（12）By horizontal square（11）It is fixed on irrigation canals and ditches；In horizontal square（11）On, modified biomass charcoal is disposed with from top to bottom（13）, carbon fiber nethike embrane（14）, grass seeds（15）And sawdust（16）.The present invention has important effect for being effectively improved ecological deterioration of mining area and control of environmental pollution effect of ecological environment, raising of the rare-earth mining area the extreme degradation caused by Disused tailing land caused by rare earth mining.

Description

Discarded rare-earth mining area Soil Slope is three-dimensional to repair ecological net and its maintenance process

Technical field

It is domatic the invention belongs to Abandoned Land of Mine soil ecology recovery technique field, more particularly to a kind of discarded rare-earth mining area Soil is three-dimensional to repair ecological net and its maintenance process.

Background technology

Rare earth is referred to as " industrial gold ", is the important materials needed for high-technology field, and being classified as protectiveness by country opens The specific mineral and strategic resources adopted.According to information office of State Council issue in 2012《The rare earth situation and policy of China》In vain Skin book shows that the rare earth reserves of China are 18,590,000 t or so, account for the 23% of world's gross reserves, are that rare earth resources are most rich in the world The most complete country of rich, mineral species.Southern Jiangxi area possesses the ionic heavy rare earth in the whole nation more than 30%, its prospective reserves More than 9,400,000 tons, 46.89 ten thousand tons of proved reserves, are described as " the rare earth kingdom " of China.

20 century 70s start, the exploitation of south jiangxi ion type rareearth ore, successively experienced pond leaching, dump leaching and in_situ leaching 3 kinds of different technologies；3 kinds of technique in the presence of destruction vegetation, cause that soil erosion, rare earth leaching rate are low and rare earth resources are sharp With the low feature of rate；Meanwhile, rare-earth mining area is due to random mining, Industry Management mode is extensive and random digging disorderly adopt phenomenon seriously, makes Into large-scale environmental pollution and ecological disruption, while a large amount of rare earth resources are wasted so that the metal such as a large amount of rare earths enters Enter mining soil environment, migration, accumulation, conversion occur under natural phenomena and the double action of mankind's activity and spreads, to ore deposit Area's ambient atmosphere, plant, aquatic ecosystem and nearby residents are impacted and potential hazard.There are some researches show Rare Earth Mine is dirty The rare earth accumulation of soil is obvious in the range of dye 8~10km of place downstream, and the mischmetal content apart from the nearest soil of tailing dam is 27549.58mg/kg, is more than 160 times of China's soil rare earth average content；Rare-earth Mine damages area 78.13km², water and soil stream Lose damage area 7.72km², 85.85km altogether².And a large amount of available heavy metals are often associated with Rare Earth Mine, such as Bayan Obo Abundant Cu, Pb, Zn is associated with Rare Earth Mine, Mianning, sichuan Province county Rare Earth Mine is rich in Pb, As etc..South jiangxi weathered leaching REO deposit Mainly contain Al in leachates³⁺、Fe²⁺、Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺、Cn²⁺It is final during rare-earth precipitation Deng, these heavy metals Exist in the form of hydroxide or sulfide.There are some researches show south China rare-earth mining area surrounding body Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn Pollution is more serious.The environmental cost that south jiangxi rare earth mining is paid be it is huge, the exploitation of extensive style to massif, water body, soil and The destruction that ecological environment is caused, the sequelae as local government and resident most headache.Therefore, for Rare Earth Mine exploitation to periphery The destruction of environment, carries out the heavy metal-polluted soil reparation of discarded ground and recovery of ecologic environment in a mine strong for the environment of protection headwater region and crowd Health has important practical significance.

Because discarded rare earth ground soil matrix is extremely barren, the content of organic matter is low, and sticky content is few, quality is poor, lacks group Aggressiveness, structure are poor, and the reason such as fertilizer conservation moisture holding capacity difference, current discarded Rare-earth Mine soil restoring technology is less.Current soil Earth repairs patent and is broadly divided into situ improvement and dystopy improvement.Its situ administers such as notification number CN102640590A（Application number 201210125698.0）Chinese patent disclose the side that a kind of application AMF technology recovers rare-earth tailing vegetation Method, the AMF of use easily and plant symbiosis, improves acquisition capability of the plant to mineral nutrient, mitigates rare earth element pair The toxic action of plant, promotes field planting and growth of the plant on rare-earth tailing.Dystopy administers such as notification number CN106282554A （Application number 201610669586.X）Chinese patent disclose a kind of rare Rare-earth Mine restorative procedure, rare-earth tailing is carried out Ball milling and screening obtain mine tailing original powder, be acidified, filtered, separated and backfilled, realize mine anury, it is innoxious, without hidden danger And the repairing effect of full green.The Rare-earth Mine recovery technique patent of invention announced, only simple utilization microorganism, plant Thing, the problem of discarded rare earth ground soil soil erosion is not considered.

The content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is that the shortcoming and defect for overcoming prior art to exist, there is provided a kind of discarded rare-earth mining area slope Face soil is three-dimensional to repair ecological net and its maintenance process, so that the discarded rare-earth mining area soil erosion of comprehensive solution, soil property are extensive The problem of multiple and remediation contaminated soil.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this：

Using the solid soil material of biomass " well " word, solve rare earth abandoned mine soil soil erosion and plant is difficult to survive and soil The problem of earth pollution control, that is, provide one kind and have reduction heavy metal-polluted soil, ammonia and nitrogen pollution concurrently（Assemble with reference to biomass carbon, adsorb, The principle such as plant double absorption and extracting, pollutant " absorption well " system that formation is broken the whole up into parts）New approaches；For what is repaired Ecological net have stability, persistence and it is environment-friendly the features such as, while being a kind of brand-new of Wastes of Crops recycling Approach.

First, the three-dimensional reparation ecological net of rare-earth mining area Soil Slope is discarded

Including soil, solid native device is provided with；

Corresponding irrigation canals and ditches are excavated in the surface artificial of soil, solid native device is fixed in irrigation canals and ditches in order, and the soil that will be excavated Earth is backfilled, it is ensured that Gu the 3/4 of native device is embedded in soil the inside；

Described solid native device include biomass horizontal square, vertical timber, modified biomass charcoal, carbon fiber nethike embrane, grass seeds and Sawdust；

Horizontal square is fixed on irrigation canals and ditches by vertical timber；

On horizontal square, modified biomass charcoal, carbon fiber nethike embrane, grass seeds and sawdust are disposed with from top to bottom.

2nd, maintenance process

1. a certain amount of water is sprayed to solid native apparatus surface；

2. the stabilization of vertical timber is kept, is inspected periodically and is adjusted timber depth in time with fixation, slope collapse area, keep the steady of ecological net It is fixed；

3. slope Gu Tu regions be washed it is hollow after banket in time substrate, appropriate earthing is covered；

4. regular plant harvesting and fertilising（Phosphate fertilizer）, deinsectization of spreading pesticides.

The present invention has following advantages and good effect：

1）Cost of manufacture is relatively low, is easier to realize；

2）Realize the secondary utilization of resource；

3）Can effectively prevent erosion；

4）Relatively low compared to congenic method cost, safety attractive in appearance, it is easy to popularization and application is needed with huge application prospect and market Ask.

In a word, the present invention is for being effectively improved rare-earth mining area due to the ecological ring of the extreme degradation caused by Disused tailing land Border, the ecological deterioration of mining area and control of environmental pollution effect that improve caused by rare earth mining have important effect.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ecological net（Overlook）；

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of solid native device 10（It is three-dimensional）；

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of horizontal square 11（Overlook）.

In figure：

00-soil（Discarded rare-earth mining area Soil Slope）；

Gu 10-native device,

11-biomass horizontal square,

12-vertical timber,

13-modified biomass charcoal,

14-carbon fiber nethike embrane,

15-grass seeds,

16-sawdust.

Specific embodiment

Describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：

First, ecological net

1st, it is overall

Such as Fig. 1, this ecological net includes soil 00, is provided with solid native device 10；

Corresponding irrigation canals and ditches are excavated in the surface artificial of soil 00, solid native device 10 is fixed in irrigation canals and ditches in order, and will be excavated Soil 00 backfilled, it is ensured that Gu the 3/4 of native device 10 is embedded in the inside of soil 00.

2nd, solid soil device 10

Such as Fig. 2, Gu native device 10 includes biomass horizontal square 11, vertical timber 12, modified biomass charcoal 13, carbon fiber nethike embrane 14th, grass seeds 15 and sawdust 16；

Horizontal square 11 is fixed on irrigation canals and ditches by vertical timber 12；

On horizontal square 11, modified biomass charcoal 13, carbon fiber nethike embrane 14, grass seeds 15 and sawdust are disposed with from top to bottom 16。

1）Biomass horizontal square 11

Such as Fig. 3, biomass horizontal square 11 is that a kind of length of side being made up of straw and maize straw is the square frame of 60cm, each edge Width be 8cm；

Its function is the elementary cell of this ecological net, is the carrier for supporting other goods and materials.

Waste biomass material such as straw and maize straw are reclaimed, by after mechanical flattening-out, screening according to 1~ 2cm width carries out being woven into 8cm broadbands shape, reconnects into the square frame that the length of side is 60cm,

2）Vertical timber 12

Collect several discarded branches or batten（Diameter about 2cm, length about 40cm）, in branch or the bottom pocket knife of batten It is whittled into 60 ° or so of inclined-plane；

Its function is to fix biomass horizontal square 11, is facilitated insertion into irrigation canals and ditches.

3）Modified biomass charcoal 13

Modified biomass charcoal 13 is a kind of soil conditioner of high-quality, is pyrolyzed under the conditions of anaerobism etc. and prepared, and post-modification is obtained High-specific surface area solid material.

The function of the material is absorption heavy metal-polluted soil, ammonia nitrogen plasma, acid or alkali environment is buffered, with cation higher Potentiality are exchanged, soil organic matter and the content of organic matter is improved, are improved structure of soil microbial community and is improved microbial diversity, The biomass of plant is improved, strengthens plant disease-resistant insect pest ability.

4）Carbon fiber nethike embrane 14

It is a kind of carbon fiber thin layer net of mesh in 30~50 mesh.

Its function is to fix grass seeds, Adsorption of Heavy Metals etc..

5）Grass seeds 15

Grass seeds 15 includes cogongrass and Bermuda grass, cogongrass：Bermuda grass=1：2,80~100 plants/m²；

According to 80~100 plants/m²Density sow mountain region fast-growing tolerance type grass seeds：Cogongrass：Bermuda grass=1：2.

Its function is the heavy metal and ammonia nitrogen ion that the solid soil of plant and tolerance type plant extract aggregation from adsorbing base, tool There is depth to cut down function.

6）Sawdust 16

Its function is for plant grass seeds provides matrix, with the effect that retain water and nutrients are breathed freely.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of discarded rare-earth mining area Soil Slope is three-dimensional repairs ecological net, including soil（00）；

It is characterized in that：

It is provided with solid native device（10）；

In soil（00）Surface artificial excavate corresponding irrigation canals and ditches, by solid native device（10）It is fixed in irrigation canals and ditches in order, and will excavates Soil out（00）Backfilled, it is ensured that Gu native device（10）3/4 be embedded in soil（00）The inside；

Described solid native device（10）Including biomass horizontal square（11）, vertical timber（12）, modified biomass charcoal（13）, carbon Fiber nethike embrane（14）, grass seeds（15）And sawdust（16）；

By vertical timber（12）By horizontal square（11）It is fixed on irrigation canals and ditches；

In horizontal square（11）On, modified biomass charcoal is disposed with from top to bottom（13）, carbon fiber nethike embrane（14）, grass seeds （15）And sawdust（16）.

2. the ecological net as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Described biomass horizontal square（11）It is that a kind of length of side being made up of straw and maize straw is the square frame of 60cm, every The width on side is 8cm.

3. the ecological net as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Described grass seeds（15）Including cogongrass and Bermuda grass, cogongrass：Bermuda grass=1：2,80~100 plants/m²。

4. the maintenance process based on ecological net described in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：

1. to solid native device（10）Spray a certain amount of water in surface；

2. the stabilization of vertical timber is kept, is inspected periodically and is adjusted timber depth in time with fixation, slope collapse area, keep the steady of ecological net It is fixed；

3. slope Gu Tu regions be washed it is hollow after banket in time substrate, appropriate earthing is covered；

4. regular plant harvesting and fertilising, deinsectization of spreading pesticides.