CN106883031B

CN106883031B - Spraying preparation method of compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder

Info

Publication number: CN106883031B
Application number: CN201710157393.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余垚颖; 王明富
Original assignee: Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2017-03-16
Filing date: 2017-03-16
Publication date: 2023-04-18
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-16
Also published as: CN106883031A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a spraying preparation method of spore powder of a compound microorganism granular fertilizer, which comprises the steps of spraying an isolation layer on a granulated fertilizer according to the proportion of 3-5 kg/ton, drying by hot air at the temperature of below 60 ℃, spraying a functional layer according to the proportion of 10-20 kg/ton, drying by hot air at the temperature of below 60 ℃, spraying a sealing layer according to the proportion of 3-5 kg/ton, and drying by hot air at the temperature of below 60 ℃ to obtain a finished product; the invention discloses a spraying method of compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder, which is characterized in that microorganism bacteria and fertilizer are isolated, are not influenced by salinity and fertilizer concentration and keep higher activity; meanwhile, the spraying method greatly reduces the influence of external factors such as high temperature, drying, friction and falling between fertilizers and the like on the activity of the microbial bacteria in the production process of the microbial granulated fertilizer, obviously improves the survival rate of the microbial bacteria, and has important practical production significance for the production of the microbial granulated fertilizer and the promotion of the industrial development of the microbial fertilizer.

Description

Spraying preparation method of composite microbial granular fertilizer spore powder

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a spraying preparation method of compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder.

Background

At present, most of the production of the compound microorganism granulated fertilizer adopts the mixed fermentation and granulation of microorganism bacteria and organic materials or the mixed granulation of microorganism bacteria, organic materials and chemical fertilizers to produce the compound microorganism granulated fertilizer, one part of microorganism bacteria can not bear the high fermentation temperature and die, even if the formed spore has insufficient maturity, most of microorganism bacteria die under the high-concentration salinity of the fertilizer in the granulation process and the high-temperature action in the drying and drying process; and a small part adopts a method of granulating firstly and simply spraying microorganism bacteria on the granulated fertilizer, the surface of the granulated fertilizer has the factors of insufficient strength due to large water content, falling off due to friction among fertilizers and the like, and the quantity and activity of the added microorganism bacteria are difficult to be effectively guaranteed, so that the using effect of the microorganism bacteria is seriously influenced.

The application effect of the compound microorganism granular fertilizer is not only related to the types of organic materials in the fertilizer and the quantity and the proportion of inorganic nutrients, but also closely related to the types and the contents of microorganism bacteria in the fertilizer, and the guarantee of the effective content of the microorganism bacteria in the compound microorganism granular fertilizer is an efficient guarantee for the application of the compound microorganism granular fertilizer. Therefore, the scientific adding mode of the microbial bacteria in the compound microbial granulated fertilizer ensures the quantity and the activity of the microbial bacteria in the fertilizer, and has important function and significance for the high-efficiency application of the compound microbial granulated fertilizer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the survival rate of microbial bacteria of a compound microbial granulated fertilizer is difficult to guarantee, and provides a spraying preparation method of spore powder of the compound microbial granulated fertilizer.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a spray preparation method of compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder, spray the hot air drying below 60 ℃ after the isolated layer according to 3-5 kg/ton on the granulated fertilizer, spray the hot air drying below 60 ℃ after the functional layer according to 10-20 kg/ton, spray the hot air drying below 60 ℃ after spraying the enclosed layer according to 3-5 kg/ton finally, make finished products after the hot air drying below 60 ℃;

the isolating layer is prepared by mixing 25g of xanthan and 25g of polyethylene, adding the mixture into 5kg of cold water, stirring the mixture while adding the mixture, and standing the mixture for 30 minutes;

the functional layer is prepared by dissolving 2kg of urea, 2kg of monoammonium phosphate, 1kg of potassium nitrate, 0.5kg of potassium humate, 0.5kg of amino acid calcium, 0.2kg of amino acid chelated medium trace elements, 0.1kg of yeast powder and 0.1kg of glucose in 10kg of cold water, fully dissolving, filtering to prepare a nutrient solution, weighing 25g of xanthan gum, 75g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2.2kg of spore powder, mixing, slowly adding into the nutrient solution while stirring, and standing for 30 minutes;

the sealing layer is prepared by adding 100g of polyvinyl alcohol into 10kg of cold water while stirring, and standing for 30 minutes.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the spraying method of the compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder changes the previous methods of mixed fermentation of microorganism bacteria and organic materials, mixed granulation of the microorganism bacteria and the organic materials and chemical fertilizers, simple spraying of the microorganism bacteria on the granular fertilizers and the like, the quantity and the activity of the microorganism bacteria are greatly influenced by external factors such as salt, temperature, drying, moisture, falling loss and the like, and the quantity and the activity of the added microorganism bacteria are hardly effectively guaranteed, so that the use effect of the microorganism bacteria is seriously influenced. .

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

The following are not specifically defined, and the percentages are by weight.

Example 1, spraying a composite microbial granular fertilizer with the effective microbial active bacteria content of ≧ 2000 ten thousands/g, 2500 ten thousands/g, 3000 ten thousands/g, the NPK content of 25%, and the organic matter content of ≧ 20%;

(1) Detecting the number of effective active bacteria in spore powder and calculating the content of the effective bacteria

Firstly, sampling and measuring the effective active bacteria content of the brevibacillus laterosporus spore powder, wherein the actually measured content is 105 hundred million/g; weighing 10kg of organic-inorganic compound granular fertilizer with NPK content of 25% and organic matter content of not less than 20%, wherein the spraying bacteria proportion of each 10kg of organic-inorganic compound granular fertilizer is respectively 2000 ten thousand per gram of 19.05g, 2500 ten thousand per gram of 23.81g and 3000 ten thousand per gram of 28.57g, and the calculation mode is that the actual added spore powder weight (g) = fertilizer weight (g) × theoretical content of fertilizer (hundred million per gram)/actual measured content of spore powder (105 hundred million per gram);

(2) Spray coating of spore powder

Spraying an isolation layer: weighing 0.25g of xanthan gum and 0.25g of polyvinyl alcohol, mixing, slowly adding into 50mL of cold water while stirring, standing for 30 minutes, uniformly stirring, spraying, and drying by hot air below 60 ℃;

spraying a functional layer: weighing 20g of urea, 20g of monoammonium phosphate, 10g of potassium nitrate, 5g of potassium humate, 5g of calcium amino acid, 2g of amino acid chelated medium trace elements, 1g of yeast powder and 1g of glucose, dissolving the mixture in 100mL of cold water, filtering the mixture to prepare a nutrient solution, weighing 0.25g of xanthan gum, 0.75g of polyvinyl alcohol and 19.05g (23.81 g and 28.57 g) of spore powder, mixing the mixture, slowly adding the mixture into the nutrient solution while stirring, standing the mixture for 30 minutes, uniformly stirring the mixture, spraying the mixture, and drying the mixture by hot air below 60 ℃. The prepared functional layer bacteria need to be used up within 8 hours, otherwise, the number of effective bacteria can be reduced after spores germinate;

spraying a sealing layer: weighing 0.3g of polyvinyl alcohol, slowly adding into 30mL of cold water while stirring, standing for 30 minutes, uniformly stirring, spraying, drying by hot air below 60 ℃, and packaging;

(3) Effective bacteria content determination and analysis

TABLE 1 actual measurement of effective bacteria amount, loss and attenuation ratio (ten thousand/g,%)

Table 1 shows that the number of effective live bacteria immediately detected after spore powder spraying reaches 90.91%, 92.44% and 94.03%, the spore loss and the attenuation rate are in the range of 5-10%, and the loss is mechanical loss; after the spore powder is sprayed, the effective viable bacteria number is attenuated by 9-15% in the period of most attenuation between 3 months and 6 months, the effective viable bacteria number is naturally attenuated, the method is closely related to the type, fermentation process and technology of microorganisms, and the immature spore natural attenuation rate is higher; after the spore powder is sprayed for 6 months, the natural attenuation rate of spores is low, the number of effective viable bacteria tends to be stable, the effective period of the composite microbial granular fertilizer is 18 months, and in order to ensure that the content of the effective viable bacteria reaches the national standard content, 20-25% of spore powder is additionally added in the production process.

Example 2, preparing a composite microbial granular fertilizer with the effective active microbial bacteria content of not less than 2000 ten thousand/g, the organic matter content of not less than 20% and the NPK content of 25%;

Firstly, sampling and measuring the effective active bacteria content of the brevibacillus laterosporus spore powder, wherein the actually measured content is 102 hundred million/g; weighing 100kg of organic-inorganic compound granular fertilizer with NPK content of 25 percent and organic matter content of not less than 20 percent, and preparing the compound microbial granular fertilizer with effective bacteria content of 2000 ten thousand/g, wherein the adding quantity of spore powder is 261.4 g, and the calculation mode is that the actual adding weight (g) of the spore powder is not less than the weight (g) of the fertilizer but the theoretical content (hundred million/g) of the fertilizer/the actual measured content (102 hundred million/g) of the spore powder/0.75 (loss and attenuation);

(2) Preparation method

The method comprises the following steps: spore powder mixing granulation method

Adding 2614g of spore powder into every 1000kg of organic and inorganic materials, mixing and granulating, drying at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, and screening to prepare the composite microbial granulated fertilizer;

the second method comprises the following steps: one-step spray coating method for spore powder

Mixing organic and inorganic materials for granulation, drying at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, screening to prepare organic and inorganic granular fertilizer, and spraying 2614g of spore powder to each 1000kg of organic and inorganic granular fertilizer to prepare composite microbial granular fertilizer;

the third method comprises the following steps: spore powder isolated multiple spraying method

Mixing and granulating organic and inorganic materials, drying at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, screening to prepare an organic and inorganic granular fertilizer, firstly spraying an isolation layer, weighing 25g of xanthan gum and 25g of polyvinyl alcohol, mixing, slowly adding 5000mL of cold water while stirring, standing for 30 minutes, uniformly stirring, then spraying 1000kg of organic and inorganic granular fertilizer, and drying by hot air at the temperature of below 60 ℃; then functional layer spraying is carried out, 2000g of urea, 2000g of monoammonium phosphate, 1000g of potassium nitrate, 500g of potassium humate, 500g of amino acid calcium, 200g of amino acid chelated medium trace elements, 100g of yeast powder and 100g of glucose are weighed and dissolved in 10000mL of cold water, the mixture is filtered to prepare nutrient solution after being fully dissolved, 25g of xanthan gum, 75g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2614g of spore powder are weighed and mixed, then the mixture is slowly added into the nutrient solution while stirring, after standing for 30 minutes, the mixture is uniformly stirred, 1000kg of organic-inorganic granular fertilizer is sprayed, and the mixture is dried by hot air below 60 ℃. The prepared functional layer bacteria need to be used up within 8 hours, otherwise, the number of effective bacteria can be reduced after spores germinate; finally, spraying a sealing layer, weighing 30g of polyvinyl alcohol, slowly adding into 3000mL of cold water while stirring, standing for 30 minutes, uniformly stirring, spraying 1000kg of organic and inorganic granular fertilizer, drying by hot air below 60 ℃, and packaging to prepare the composite microbial granular fertilizer;

(3) Effective bacteria content determination and analysis

Table 2 actual measurement of effective bacteria amount, loss and attenuation ratio (ten thousand/g,%)

Table 2 shows that, in the first method (spore powder mixing granulation method), after the spores are dried at high temperature, more than 80% of the spores die, the death rate of the spores is too high, and the content of effective bacteria in the fertilizer is difficult to reach the standard; secondly, the effective bacteria content of the fertilizer is continuously fallen off along with the time lapse in the method (the spore powder one-time spraying method), the loss of the number of spores is increased, the loss rate of the spores is increased, and the effective bacteria content of the fertilizer is difficult to reach the standard; in the third method (the spore powder isolated multi-spraying method), after the spore powder is sprayed for 6 months, the natural attenuation rate of spores is low, the number of effective viable bacteria tends to be stable, and the effective bacteria content of the fertilizer can reach the standard, so that the technical problem that the survival rate of the compound microorganism granular fertilizer microorganism bacteria is difficult to guarantee is solved by the spore powder isolated multi-spraying method.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention any modifications and equivalents.

Claims

1. A spraying preparation method of compound microorganism granular fertilizer spore powder is characterized in that 3-5 kg/ton of granulated fertilizer is sprayed with an isolation layer and then is dried by hot air below 60 ℃, then 10-20 kg/ton of granulated fertilizer is sprayed with a functional layer and then is dried by hot air below 60 ℃, and finally, 3-5 kg/ton of granulated fertilizer is sprayed with a sealing layer and then is dried by hot air below 60 ℃ to prepare a finished product;

the isolating layer is prepared by mixing 25g of xanthan and 25g of polyvinyl alcohol, adding the mixture into 5kg of cold water, stirring while adding, and standing for 30 minutes;

the functional layer is prepared by dissolving 2kg of urea, 2kg of monoammonium phosphate, 1kg of potassium nitrate, 0.5kg of potassium humate, 0.5kg of amino acid calcium, 0.2kg of amino acid chelated medium trace elements, 0.1kg of yeast powder and 0.1kg of glucose in 10kg of cold water, fully dissolving and filtering to prepare nutrient solution, weighing 25g of xanthan gum, 75g of polyvinyl alcohol and 2.2kg of spore powder, mixing, slowly adding into the nutrient solution while stirring, and standing for 30 minutes;

the sealing layer is prepared by adding 100g of polyvinyl alcohol into 10kg of cold water, stirring while adding, and standing for 30 minutes.