CN110563510A - potassium fertilizer loaded slow-release degradable porous material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
potassium fertilizer loaded slow-release degradable porous material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110563510A CN110563510A CN201910943150.9A CN201910943150A CN110563510A CN 110563510 A CN110563510 A CN 110563510A CN 201910943150 A CN201910943150 A CN 201910943150A CN 110563510 A CN110563510 A CN 110563510A
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-release degradable porous material loaded with a potash fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps of performing hole increasing treatment on crushed passion fruit vines, and then carbonizing to obtain a biomass porous matrix material; mixing and stirring starch, sugarcane water and potato peel uniformly, and sequentially adding an oxidant, a catalyst, potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol, borax and sodium hydroxide to obtain a coating material; and mixing the prepared biomass porous matrix material with a potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment, uniformly mixing with a coating material, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving to obtain the potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous material. The slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer prepared by the invention is a slow-release potash fertilizer which takes a biomass porous material as a load body, is low in preparation cost, environment-friendly and degradable, and has longer fertilizer efficiency time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material preparation, in particular to a slow-release degradable porous material loaded with a potash fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As a chemical fertilizer, the potash fertilizer can promote photosynthesis, fruiting rate, cold resistance and disease resistance of crops, thereby improving agricultural yield. Potassium fertilizer KCl, K2SO4Is easy to dissolve in water, and if the fertilizer is directly applied to crops, the fertilizer can be rapidly lost, and the fertilizer needs to be applied again. In order to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the fertilizer efficiency time, the potassium fertilizer can be prepared into a slow release fertilizer.
compared with quick-acting fertilizers, the slow-release fertilizer has the advantage of long fertilizer efficiency time. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer generally comprises the following steps: (1) the fertilizer is coated with one or more layers of films. After the coated fertilizer is applied to soil, the fertilizer is slowly released along with the degradation of the film, so that the fertilizer achieves a slow release effect; (2) the fertilizer and the porous material are mixed, granulated and coated. (3) The slow release fertilizer is prepared by mixing one or more of animals and plants and derivatives thereof and coating the mixture. (4) Adding biochar in the fertilizer synthesis process to obtain an inorganic fertilizer, a bio-based fertilizer and a bio-based loaded fertilizer mixture. (5) The fertilizer is loaded in the porous material.
The degradable compound coated slow-release fertilizer, disclosed in CN201910130609.3, "a degradable compound coated material and its application", can be completely degraded, and although the slow-release effect can be achieved, the prolonged fertilizer efficiency time is less than two months, and the requirement of the whole growth period of the plant can not be met.
soybean oil and starch are taken as slow release fertilizers of membrane materials, and the CN201410532421.9 discloses a coated degradation type slow release potash fertilizer, after the slow release fertilizer prepared by directly coating potash fertilizer particles with a membrane is applied to soil, as KCl is easily dissolved in water, potash fertilizer in the membrane is intensively released and dissolved in the soil after the membrane is decomposed, the concentration of the potash fertilizer is overhigh in a short period, and the influence is caused on the biological growth.
A slow release fertilizer coated by biochar and attapulgite, and discloses 'a biochar slow release potash fertilizer and a preparation method thereof' disclosed in CN201510378529.1, wherein the biochar and the modified attapulgite are mixed to be used as a coating layer. The attapulgite needs to be calcined and soaked in sulfuric acid, so that the discharged waste liquid pollutes the environment.
A slow release fertilizer coated, CN201710732051.7 discloses 'a special slow release potash fertilizer for tea trees and a preparation method thereof', the slow release potash fertilizer is prepared by mixing and fermenting animals and plants and derivatives thereof, the sources of potassium nutrient raw materials are dispersed, and the raw material collection is not facilitated.
A carbon-based slow release fertilizer, CN201310217750, discloses a method for preparing a carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer and a carbon-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer, wherein biochar is added in the synthesis process of an ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, so that the biochar participates in the reaction to obtain a mixture of ammonium nitrate and a biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer. The slow-release nitrogen fertilizer prepared by the patent releases nitrogen up to 49% in 72 hours, so that the slow-release time is short when the nitrogen fertilizer concentration is too high.
The nitrogen source is closely adsorbed on the modified zeolite, and CN201810502357.8 discloses 'a device for preparing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by using the modified zeolite and a method for preparing the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer by using the device', nitrogen is adsorbed on the zeolite by using the ion exchange and adsorption properties of the zeolite, special equipment is required in the whole preparation process, and the preparation cost is high.
Therefore, how to provide a porous material loaded with a potash fertilizer, which has the advantages of low cost, good slow release effect, no pollution and degradability, is a problem to be solved in the field.
disclosure of Invention
in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a slow-release degradable porous material loaded with a potash fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: 25.0-40.0 wt% of biomass porous base material, 30.0-45.0 wt% of potash fertilizer and 15.0-30.0 wt% of coating material.
preferably, the raw material of the biomass porous matrix material is passion fruit vine; the potash fertilizer is KCl and K2SO4One or two of the mixtures are mixed in any proportion.
Preferably, the raw material of the coating material is starch, and the starch is one or a mixture of corn starch, wheat starch and potato starch in any proportion.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1. Preparation of biomass porous matrix material
Cleaning, drying and crushing passion fruit vines;
And (3) hole increasing treatment of the crushed passion fruit vines: dissolving Trichoderma koningii strain dry powder in deionized water in an aseptic environment, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 23-30 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a bacterial liquid; then inoculating the bacterial liquid to a culture medium, culturing for 4-6 days at 24-30 ℃, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a biomass pore-increasing suspension; then placing the crushed passion fruit vine powder and the biomass pore-increasing suspension liquid in a co-culture device, sealing, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 23-30 ℃ for 4-6 days, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain porous powder;
Carbonizing the obtained porous powder, and then crushing, ball-milling and sieving to obtain a biomass porous matrix material;
2. Preparation of the coating Material
mixing starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, stirring, adding oxidant, stirring for 20-40min, adding catalyst, stirring, heating to 60-70 deg.C, and stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hr; continuously adding potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol and borax into the solution, uniformly stirring, heating to 75-85 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature for 30-50 min; then adding sodium hydroxide, stirring uniformly, heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 20-40min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a membrane liquid, namely a coating material;
3. fertilizer loading of biomass porous materials
Mixing the biomass porous matrix material prepared in the step 1 with a supersaturated potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min to obtain a supersaturated suspension;
4. Preparation of slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer
And (3) uniformly mixing the supersaturated suspension and the membrane liquid, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving to obtain the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the passion fruit vine is crushed to powder with the average particle size of 20-50 mu m in the step 1.
preferably, the weight ratio of the strain dry powder to the deionized water in the step 1 is 1:50-1: 1000; the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the culture medium is 1:100-1: 1000; the culture medium is a potato glucose agar culture medium.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed passion fruit vines to the biomass pore-increasing suspension in the step 1 is 2:1-10:1, the culture medium in the co-culture device is a potato dextrose agar culture medium, and the volume ratio of the biomass pore-increasing suspension to the co-culture medium is 1:10-1: 100; the rotation speed of the constant-temperature oscillation is 120-140 r/min; the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃.
Preferably, the carbonization step in step 1 is: placing the obtained porous powder into N2Carbonizing at 800-1100 deg.C for 30-60min in a tubular furnace under atmosphere; the number of the sieved meshes is 200 meshes.
preferably, the potato peels in the step 2 are washed, dried and crushed into powder with the average particle size of 10-15 μm.
preferably, the ratio of each raw material added in the step 2 is as follows: 25.0-35.0 wt% of corn starch, 0.2-2.0 wt% of oxidant, 1.0-6.0 wt% of catalyst, 0.2-3.0 wt% of potassium sulfite, 0.2-3.0 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-1.5 wt% of borax, 0.2-1.5 wt% of sodium hydroxide, 47.0-65.0 wt% of cane water and 3.0-5.0 wt% of potato peel; wherein the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, and the catalyst is anhydrous ferrous sulfate.
Preferably, the ratio of each raw material added in the step 3 is as follows: 15.0-30.0 wt% of biomass porous matrix material and 70.0-85.0 wt% of supersaturated potash fertilizer solution.
Preferably, the step 4 is performed by sieving with a 100-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the spray drying conditions in step 4 are as follows: the inlet air temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70-80 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the slow-release degradable porous material composition loaded with the potash fertilizer prepared by the invention is ideal in structure, and comprises the potash fertilizer partially coated by a film, the potash fertilizer completely coated by the film, the porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer completely coated by the film, and the porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer partially coated by the film. After the potash fertilizer is applied to soil, the potash fertilizer is gradually released along with the time extension, thereby avoiding the release of a large amount of potassium in a short time and effectively prolonging the fertilizer efficiency time. Firstly releasing the potassium fertilizer with incomplete coating, and then gradually releasing the potassium fertilizer in the coating after the film decomposition and the potassium fertilizer loaded by the porous material.
2. The slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer prepared by the invention is not only suitable for farmlands in southern and northern irrigation areas, but also suitable for northern non-irrigation areas, and has longer fertilizer effect time.
3. The passion fruit vine serving as the raw material in the potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous material prepared by the invention is rich in trace elements such as Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Se and the like which are beneficial to a human body, and can effectively increase the content of the trace elements of crops after acting on the crops, and the effect is better when the passion fruit vine is particularly used for planting the passion fruit.
4. The raw materials adopted by the invention have wide sources and low cost, and the film and the porous material which load the potassium fertilizer slow-release degradable porous material are both easy to degrade and are environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
First, examples and comparative examples
example 1 preparation of Potassium Fertilizer-loaded sustained-Release degradable porous Material
1. Preparation of biomass porous matrix material
1) And (3) pore increasing treatment of the powder: dissolving the dry powder of the Trichoderma koningii strain in deionized water in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 5 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 23 ℃ to obtain a bacterial liquid; then inoculating the bacterial liquid to a culture medium, culturing for 6 days at 24 ℃, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a biomass pore-increasing suspension; then placing the crushed passion fruit vine powder and the biomass pore-increasing suspension liquid in a co-culture device, sealing, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 23 ℃ for 6 days, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain porous powder; the weight ratio of the strain dry powder to the deionized water is 1: 50; the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the culture medium is 1: 1000; the culture medium is a potato glucose agar culture medium. The mass ratio of the crushed passion fruit vine to the biomass pore-increasing suspension is 2:1, the culture medium in the co-culture device is a potato glucose agar culture medium, and the volume ratio of the biomass pore-increasing suspension to the culture medium is 1: 10; the rotating speed of the constant-temperature oscillation is 120 r/min; the drying temperature is 70 ℃;
2) Adding the above processed passion fruit vine powder into N2Carbonizing the biomass porous matrix material in a tube furnace at 800 ℃ for 60min under the atmosphere, crushing, ball-milling, and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the biomass porous matrix material.
2. Preparation of the coating Material
1) Weighing the following raw materials in proportion: 25.0 wt% of corn starch, 0.2 wt% of oxidant hydrogen peroxide, 4.0 wt% of catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, 0.2 wt% of potassium sulfite, 0.2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2 wt% of borax, 0.2 wt% of sodium hydroxide, 65.0 wt% of cane water and 5.0 wt% of potato peel;
2) Preparing membrane liquid: mixing the weighed corn starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, stirring uniformly, and adding an oxidant H2O2Continuously stirring for 20min, adding catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, stirring, heating to 70 deg.C, and stirring at constant temperature for 1 hr; continuously adding potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol and borax into the solution, uniformly stirring, heating to 75 ℃, and stirring for 50min at constant temperature; adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, heating to 85 deg.C, stirring at constant temperature for 40min, cooling to room temperature to obtain membrane liquid;
3. fertilizer loading of biomass porous materials
1) Preparing supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
2) Weighing 15.0 wt% of biomass porous material and 85.0 wt% of supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
3) pouring the biomass porous material into a supersaturated potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, and uniformly stirring to obtain a supersaturated suspension;
4. preparation of slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer
And pouring the supersaturated suspension into the prepared membrane liquid, uniformly mixing, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coated slow-release degradable potassium fertilizer. Spray drying conditions: the inlet air temperature is 110 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 80 ℃.
Example 2 preparation of Potassium Fertilizer-loaded sustained-Release degradable porous Material
1. Preparation of biomass porous matrix material
1) And (3) pore increasing treatment of the powder: dissolving the dry powder of the Trichoderma koningii strain in deionized water in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 3 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 30 ℃ to obtain a bacterial liquid; then inoculating the bacterial liquid to a culture medium, culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a biomass pore-increasing suspension; then placing the crushed passion fruit vine powder and the biomass pore-increasing suspension liquid in a co-culture device, sealing, then carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 30 ℃ for 4 days, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain porous powder; the weight ratio of the strain dry powder to the deionized water is 1: 1000; the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the culture medium is 1: 100; the culture medium is a potato glucose agar culture medium. The mass ratio of the crushed passion fruit vine to the biomass pore-increasing suspension is 10:1, the culture medium in the co-culture device is a potato glucose agar culture medium, and the volume ratio of the biomass pore-increasing suspension to the culture medium is 1:100, respectively; the rotating speed of the constant-temperature oscillation is 140 r/min; the drying temperature is 100 ℃;
2) Adding the above processed passion fruit vine powder into N2Charring in a tube furnace at 1100 deg.C for 30min, and pulverizingCrushing, ball-milling and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the biomass porous matrix material.
2. Preparation of the coating Material
1) Weighing the following raw materials in proportion: 35.0 wt% of corn starch, 2.0 wt% of oxidant hydrogen peroxide, 6.0 wt% of catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, 2.0 wt% of potassium sulfite, 2.0 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.5 wt% of borax, 1.5 wt% of sodium hydroxide, 47.0 wt% of cane water and 3.0 wt% of potato peel;
2) Preparing membrane liquid: mixing the weighed corn starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, stirring uniformly, and adding an oxidant H2O2Continuously stirring for 40min, adding catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, and stirring at constant temperature for 2 hr; continuously adding potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol and borax into the solution, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature for 30 min; adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, heating to 95 deg.C, stirring at constant temperature for 20min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain membrane solution;
3. fertilizer loading of biomass porous materials
1) Preparing supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
2) Weighing 30.0 wt% of biomass porous material and 70.0 wt% of supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
3) Pouring the biomass porous material into a supersaturated potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and uniformly stirring to obtain a supersaturated suspension;
4. Preparation of slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer
And pouring the supersaturated suspension into the prepared membrane liquid, uniformly mixing, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coated slow-release degradable potassium fertilizer. Spray drying conditions: the inlet air temperature is 130 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70 ℃.
example 3 preparation of Potassium Fertilizer-loaded sustained-Release degradable porous Material
1. Preparation of biomass porous matrix material
1) and (3) pore increasing treatment of the powder: dissolving the dry powder of the Trichoderma koningii strain in deionized water in an aseptic environment, and culturing for 4 days in a constant-temperature incubator at 28 ℃ to obtain a bacterial liquid; then inoculating the bacterial liquid to a culture medium, culturing for 5 days at 28 ℃, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a biomass pore-increasing suspension; then placing the crushed passion fruit vine powder and the biomass pore-increasing suspension in a co-culture device, sealing, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 28 ℃ for 5 days, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain porous powder; the weight ratio of the strain dry powder to the deionized water is 1: 500; the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the culture medium is 1: 500; the culture medium is a potato glucose agar culture medium. The mass ratio of the crushed passion fruit vine to the biomass pore-increasing suspension is 5:1, the culture medium in the co-culture device is a potato glucose agar culture medium, and the volume ratio of the biomass pore-increasing suspension to the culture medium is 1: 50; the rotating speed of the constant-temperature oscillation is 130 r/min; the drying temperature is 85 ℃;
2) Adding the above processed passion fruit vine powder into N2Carbonizing the biomass porous matrix material in a tube furnace at 900 ℃ for 500min under the atmosphere, crushing, ball-milling and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the biomass porous matrix material.
2. Preparation of the coating Material
1) Weighing the following raw materials in proportion: 30.0 wt% of corn starch, 1.0 wt% of oxidant hydrogen peroxide, 1.0 wt% of catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, 3.0 wt% of potassium sulfite, 3.0 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.0 wt% of borax, 1.0 wt% of sodium hydroxide, 56.0 wt% of cane water and 4.0 wt% of potato peel;
2) Preparing membrane liquid: mixing the weighed corn starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, stirring uniformly, and adding an oxidant H2O2Continuously stirring for 30min, adding catalyst anhydrous ferrous sulfate, stirring, heating to 65 deg.C, and stirring at constant temperature for 1.5 hr; continuously adding potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol and borax into the solution, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature for 40 min; adding sodium hydroxide, stirring, heating to 90 deg.C, stirring at constant temperature for 30min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain membrane solution;
3. Fertilizer loading of biomass porous materials
1) Preparing supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
2) Weighing 20.0 wt% of biomass porous material and 80.0 wt% of supersaturated potash fertilizer solution;
3) pouring the biomass porous material into a supersaturated potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 15min to obtain a supersaturated suspension;
4. preparation of slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer
And pouring the supersaturated suspension into the prepared membrane liquid, uniformly mixing, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the coated slow-release degradable potassium fertilizer. Spray drying conditions: the inlet air temperature is 120 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 75 ℃.
Comparative example 1
the passion fruit vine was replaced with straw and the other steps were identical to example 1.
Comparative example 2
The porous material loaded with potash fertilizer was not coated with a film, and the other steps were identical to those of example 1.
Secondly, testing the slow release performance of the prepared potassium fertilizer-loaded slow release degradable porous material
After the potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were soaked in water, the cumulative release amount of potassium in the water was observed at different times. The test method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing potassium fertilizer with the same potassium content (10g) and 5 parts of deionized water with the same volume (500mL), wrapping the potassium fertilizer with a nylon mesh bag, immersing the wrapped potassium fertilizer in the deionized water, and sealing and culturing. The cumulative release of potassium in the dip was measured using a spectrophotometer. The cumulative release amount of nutrients of the prepared potassium fertilizer composition capable of slowly releasing based on the high-performance adsorption material along with time is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 cumulative release of potassium over time for potassium-loaded slow-release degradable porous materials prepared in different examples
As shown in Table 1, the cumulative release rate of potassium was not more than 15% in 24 hours for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2. The accumulated release amount of potassium in the potash fertilizer is 10g in 1-150 days, because the uncoated potash fertilizer is dissolved rapidly in water. The reason why the accumulated release amount of potassium in examples 1 to 3 is lower than that in comparative examples 1 to 2 in the range of 1 to 120d is that the porous material obtained by using the straws in comparative example 1 cannot better adsorb the potassium fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer loaded by the porous material in comparative example 2 is not coated, so that the release rate of the potassium fertilizer is too high, and the slow release effect is influenced. From the data of 60-90d, the cumulative release amount of potassium in the comparative examples 1-2 reaches 10g before that in the examples 1-3, which shows that the slow-release potassium fertilizer prepared in the comparative examples 1-2 completely releases potassium before 90d and loses the fertilizer effect after 90 d; whereas examples 1-3 release potassium completely after 150 d. The results show that the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potassium fertilizer prepared in the embodiment can release potassium uninterruptedly for a long time, and the fertilizer efficiency time is effectively prolonged.
thirdly, testing the slow release performance of the prepared potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous material in soil with different humidity
Selecting multiple parts of soil on the same land, wherein the mass (5kg), pH, nutrients and other conditions of each part of soil are consistent, and adding deionized water to prepare the soil with the humidity of 20% and 26%. After the slow-release potassium fertilizer compositions prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were applied to soil, fertilizers having an effective potassium content of 100g were applied to each soil), mixed uniformly, cultured under conditions of different humidity, the same temperature (25 ℃) and the like, and the cumulative release rate of potassium in the soil was observed and measured at different times. The test method comprises the following steps: 0.5kg of soil from each part of soil is taken out and respectively wrapped by nylon gauze bags by the same method, and the wrapped soil is soaked in deionized water to measure the content of the effective potassium in the water. The cumulative release rate of nutrients of the prepared several potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous materials along with time is shown in the following table 2:
Table 2 cumulative release rate of potassium in soil with different humidity of potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous materials prepared in different examples:
as shown in Table 2, the cumulative release rate of potassium was not more than 15% in 24 hours for each of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2. The overall data in table 2 shows that the rate of fertilizer release from high humidity soils is generally greater than for low humidity soils because of the higher moisture content of high humidity soils which better dissolves potash fertilizers. The humidity of soil in the south is generally higher than that in the north, and the slow release effect of the potassium fertilizer-loaded slow release degradable porous material is more obvious when the porous material is used in the north.
Comparing the data in tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the release rate of the fertilizer in water is generally higher than the release rate of the fertilizer in soil at 24h in examples 1-3, because the incompletely coated potassium fertilizer has a higher dissolution rate in water than in soil. In later examples 1-3, the release rate of fertilizer in water was generally lower than that of fertilizer in soil, and the time required for complete release of fertilizer was longer, probably because the soil contained a large amount of microorganisms capable of rapidly decomposing the membrane and porous material, so that fertilizer coated with the membrane and loaded with the porous material could be rapidly released.
In conclusion, after the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer is applied to soil, the fertilizer efficiency time can be effectively prolonged, the fertilizer loss rate is reduced, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: 25.0-40.0 wt% of biomass porous base material, 30.0-45.0 wt% of potash fertilizer and 15.0-30.0 wt% of coating material.
2. The slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the raw material of the biomass porous matrix material is passion fruit vine; the potash fertilizer is KCl and K2SO4one or two of the mixtures are mixed in any proportion.
3. The slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the coating material are starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, and the starch is one or a mixture of corn starch, wheat starch and potato starch in any proportion.
4. A method for preparing the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claims 1-3, comprising the following steps:
1) preparation of biomass porous matrix material
Cleaning, drying and crushing passion fruit vines;
And (3) hole increasing treatment of the crushed passion fruit vines: dissolving Trichoderma koningii strain dry powder in deionized water in an aseptic environment, and culturing in a constant-temperature incubator at 23-30 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain a bacterial liquid; then inoculating the bacterial liquid to a culture medium, culturing for 4-6 days at 24-30 ℃, washing with water, and filtering to obtain a biomass pore-increasing suspension; then placing the crushed passion fruit vine powder and the biomass pore-increasing suspension liquid in a co-culture device, sealing, carrying out constant-temperature oscillation reaction at 23-30 ℃ for 4-6 days, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain porous powder;
carbonizing the obtained porous powder, and then crushing, ball-milling and sieving to obtain a biomass porous matrix material;
2) Preparation of the coating Material
Mixing starch, sugarcane water and potato peel, stirring, adding oxidant, stirring for 20-40min, adding catalyst, stirring, heating to 60-70 deg.C, and stirring at constant temperature for 1-2 hr; continuously adding potassium sulfite, polyvinyl alcohol and borax into the solution, uniformly stirring, heating to 75-85 ℃, and stirring at constant temperature for 30-50 min; then adding sodium hydroxide, stirring uniformly, heating to 85-95 ℃, stirring at constant temperature for 20-40min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a membrane liquid, namely a coating material;
3) Fertilizer loading of biomass porous materials
mixing the biomass porous matrix material prepared in the step 1) with a supersaturated potash fertilizer solution, uniformly stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min to obtain a supersaturated suspension;
4) Preparation of slow-release degradable porous material loaded with potash fertilizer
And (3) uniformly mixing the supersaturated suspension and the membrane liquid, performing spray drying by using a spray dryer, and sieving to obtain the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer.
5. The preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the passion fruit vine in the step 1) is pulverized into powder with an average particle size of 20-50 μm.
6. The preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of the strain dry powder to the deionized water in the step 1) is 1:50-1: 1000; the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the culture medium is 1:100-1: 1000; the culture medium is a potato glucose agar culture medium.
7. The preparation method of the potassium fertilizer-loaded slow-release degradable porous material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the crushed passion fruit vine to the biomass pore-increasing suspension in the step 1) is 2:1-10:1, the culture medium in the co-culture device is a potato dextrose agar culture medium, and the volume ratio of the biomass pore-increasing suspension to the co-culture medium is 1:10-1: 100; the rotation speed of the constant-temperature oscillation is 120-140 r/min; the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃.
8. the preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the carbonization step in the step 1) is as follows: placing the obtained porous powder into N2Carbonizing at 800-1100 deg.C for 30-60min in a tubular furnace under atmosphere; the number of the sieved meshes is 200 meshes.
9. The preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the ratio of the raw materials added in the step 2) is as follows: 25.0-35.0 wt% of corn starch, 0.2-2.0 wt% of oxidant, 1.0-6.0 wt% of catalyst, 0.2-3.0 wt% of potassium sulfite, 0.2-3.0 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2-1.5 wt% of borax, 0.2-1.5 wt% of sodium hydroxide, 47.0-65.0 wt% of cane water and 3.0-5.0 wt% of potato peel; wherein the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, and the catalyst is anhydrous ferrous sulfate.
10. The preparation method of the slow-release degradable porous material loaded with the potash fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein the raw materials added in the step 3) are in the following proportions: 15.0-30.0 wt% of biomass porous matrix material and 70.0-85.0 wt% of supersaturated potash fertilizer solution.
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