CN111995465A - Heavy metal blocking agent, application and use method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal blocking agent, application and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995465A CN111995465A CN202010924295.7A CN202010924295A CN111995465A CN 111995465 A CN111995465 A CN 111995465A CN 202010924295 A CN202010924295 A CN 202010924295A CN 111995465 A CN111995465 A CN 111995465A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal blocking, in particular to a heavy metal blocking agent, application and a using method thereof; the heavy metal blocking agent comprises 100-150g/L calcium salt, 15-35g/L silicon fertilizer, 1-2g/L potassium salt and 1.5-4g/L magnesium salt. The heavy metal blocking agent provided by the invention is green and environment-friendly in raw materials, can effectively block the absorption and enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, effectively reduces the content of heavy metal cadmium in fruits, improves the yield of the field crops, the vegetables and the fruit trees, and greatly prolongs the storage period of the fruits; the method of spraying the foliage is convenient to operate, and high-quality fruits are obtained in a simple and economic manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heavy metal blocking, and particularly relates to a heavy metal blocking agent, application and a using method thereof.
Background
As one of five world grain crops, rice is seriously threatened by heavy metal pollution, and the safety production problem of the rice is concerned. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, the heavy metal pollution condition of farmland in China is worried and worried, especially the pollution of heavy metal cadmium. Cadmium is easily absorbed by gramineous crops such as rice and the like and is enriched and accumulated to grains, so that the edible safety of the grains is influenced. According to survey statistics, the cultivated land area polluted by heavy metal in China reaches 2000 ten thousand hectares, and accounts for 1/6 of the total cultivated land area in China. The average amount of heavy metal polluted grains in China per year is 1200 million tons, and the direct economic loss is over 200 million yuan.
According to statistics in recent years, the cadmium-polluted farmland area in China reaches 28 ten thousand hectares, and the annual cadmium yield exceeds the standard, and the quantity of agricultural products exceeds 150 ten thousand tons. Cadmium is one of heavy metals with the highest toxicity, and not only influences the growth and development of rice to cause the reduction of the yield and the quality of the rice, but also can be accumulated in plant bodies and enter a food chain or enter human respiratory tracts through polluted air to harm human health. Therefore, inhibiting the absorption and enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in rice is an urgent problem to be solved.
Aiming at the defects of large consumption and use of pesticides, fertilizers and water resources, serious environmental pollution, serious energy consumption and the like in the cultivation process of crops such as rice and the like, the latest research result of rice molecular biology at home and abroad at present needs to be integrated, and a strategy of combining modern biotechnology including transgenic technology with traditional breeding means is adopted. At present, the absorption and enrichment of cadmium by rice in heavy metal polluted soil environment are reduced, and the adopted measures mainly comprise three types: firstly, cadmium is directly removed from soil, such as adopting an engineering measure 'soil changing method' and planting super-accumulation crops. And secondly, changing the occurrence form of the heavy metal in the soil to change the heavy metal from an effective state to a stable state which is difficult to move , such as applying a passivator. Thirdly, spraying a foliage resistance control agent to reduce the absorption and enrichment of the rice on heavy metals. The first measure is difficult to popularize in a large area due to large capital required by engineering restoration; the second measure is serious in damage to the soil, and essential trace elements in the soil are also precipitated, so that the nutrient element is deficient; the third kind of foliage inhibiting and controlling agent has certain influence on the quality and yield of rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent in a first aspect, which comprises 100-150g/L calcium salt, 15-35g/L silicon fertilizer, 1-2g/L potassium salt and 1.5-4g/L magnesium salt.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the calcium salt is selected from one or more of calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, calcium chloride, calcium bromide and calcium bicarbonate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the potassium salt is one or more selected from potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magnesium salt is selected from one or more of magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium sulfate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heavy metal blocking agent also comprises 1-10g/L of chitosan oligosaccharide.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heavy metal blocking agent also comprises 0.5-3g/L chitosan.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heavy metal blocking agent also comprises 40-60g/L of nitrogenous substance, 0-50g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0-1g/L of boric fertilizer.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1200-1900 dalton.
The second aspect of the invention provides an application of the heavy metal blocking agent in field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The invention provides a use method of the heavy metal blocking agent, which is spraying on the leaf surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the heavy metal blocking agent provided by the invention is green and environment-friendly in raw materials, can effectively block the absorption and enrichment of heavy metal cadmium in field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, effectively reduces the content of heavy metal cadmium in fruits, improves the yield of the field crops, the vegetables and the fruit trees, and greatly prolongs the storage period of the fruits; the method of spraying the foliage is convenient to operate, and high-quality fruits are obtained in a simple and economic manner.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated by the following specific embodiments, but is not limited to the specific examples given below.
The invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which comprises 100-150g/L calcium salt, 15-35g/L silicon fertilizer, 1-2g/L potassium salt and 1.5-4g/L magnesium salt.
In one embodiment, the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 1-10g/L of chitosan oligosaccharide.
In one embodiment, the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 0.5 to 3g/L of chitosan.
In one embodiment, the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 40-60g/L of nitrogen-containing substance, 0-50g/L of phosphate fertilizer and 0-1g/L of boron fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment, the heavy metal blocking agent comprises 100-110g/L calcium salt, 15-25g/L silicon fertilizer, 1-1.5g/L potassium salt, 1.5-2.5g/L magnesium salt, 1-5g/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5-3g/L chitosan, 45-55g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 30-40g/L phosphate fertilizer and 0.01-0.05g/L boron fertilizer.
In a more preferred embodiment, the heavy metal blocking agent comprises 101.2g/L calcium salt, 20g/L silicon fertilizer, 1.2g/L potassium salt, 2.2g/L magnesium salt, 3g/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 2g/L chitosan, 50g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 35.4g/L phosphate fertilizer and 0.02g/L boric fertilizer.
The solvent of the heavy metal blocking agent is water.
Calcium salt
In one embodiment, the calcium salt is selected from one or more of calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, and calcium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the calcium salt is calcium nitrate.
In the invention, calcium nitrate is used, and after the heavy metal blocking agent is acted on field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers for foliage spraying, calcium ions in the calcium nitrate can be better absorbed by the crops to block the absorption of metal cadmium.
Silicon fertilizer
Silicon fertilizer belongs to a medium element fertilizer, and in 1787 years, Lawa tin firstly finds that silicon exists in rock. The Chuidelong is introduced into China systematically, and the industrial production and the wide application in agriculture are realized. According to the current Chinese fertilizer classification method (macroelement, secondary element and trace element fertilizers), the fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the like belong to secondary element fertilizers. In 1996, the academy of sciences in Henan province was provided with the research center for silicon fertilizer engineering technology in Henan province, and the silicon fertilizer standard in China is established and promulgated by the center.
The silicon fertilizer is extracted from crab shells.
Potassium salt
In one embodiment, the potassium salt is selected from one or more of potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, the potassium salt is potassium nitrate.
The potassium nitrate is used, and after the heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers for foliage spraying, potassium ions in the potassium nitrate can be better absorbed by the crops, and the absorption of metal cadmium is blocked.
Magnesium salt
In one embodiment, the magnesium salt is selected from one or more of magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, the magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate.
The magnesium nitrate is used, and after the heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers for foliage spraying, magnesium ions in the magnesium nitrate can be better absorbed by the crops, and the absorption of metal cadmium is blocked.
The applicant unexpectedly found that when the metal blocking agent comprises calcium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt and silicon fertilizer, the concentration of the calcium salt in the foliar fertilizer is 100-150g/L, the concentration of the potassium salt is 1-2g/L, the concentration of the magnesium salt is 1.5-4g/L, and the concentration of the silicon fertilizer is 15-35g/L, the metal blocking effect, especially cadmium blocking effect, of crops, especially field crops is better Magnesium salt and silicon fertilizer can promote the formation of residual cadmium, so that the residual cadmium is not absorbed by leaves.
Chitosan oligosaccharide
Chitosan oligosaccharide is called chitosan oligosaccharide and oligochitosan, is an oligosaccharide product with the polymerization degree of 2-20, is obtained by degrading chitosan through a special biological enzyme technology (reports of using chemical degradation and microwave degradation technologies), has the molecular weight of less than or equal to 3200Da, and is a low-molecular-weight product with better water solubility, large functional action and high biological activity. It has several unique functions of high solubility, complete water solubility, easy absorption and utilization by organism, etc. and its action is 14 times that of chitosan.
The chitosan oligosaccharide is the only cationic basic amino oligosaccharide with positive charges in the nature, and is animal cellulose. Chitosan oligosaccharide is small molecular oligosaccharide with amino group degraded by chitosan derived from shrimp and crab shell, and is sugar chain with polymerization degree of 2-20.
The chitosan oligosaccharide can block the absorption of heavy metal cadmium by the leaves to a certain extent, so that the heavy metal cadmium transferred to fruits in plants is reduced, and the content of the heavy metal cadmium in the fruits is reduced to a certain extent.
In one embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1200-1900 daltons.
The chitosan oligosaccharide with the weight-average molecular weight of 1200-1900 Dalton is easier to be absorbed by leaf surfaces, and the heavy metal cadmium blocking effect is further improved.
Chitosan
The chitosan (chitin) and chitin N-deacetylated product has similar chemical structures, and cellulose is in C2In position, hydroxyl, chitin and chitosan are in C2The chitosan and chitosan have many unique properties of biodegradability, cell affinity, biological effect and the like, and particularly, the chitosan containing free amino groups is the only basic polysaccharide in natural polysaccharides.
The amino group in the chitosan molecular structure has stronger reactivity than the acetamido group in the chitin molecule, so that the polysaccharide has excellent biological function and can carry out chemical modification reaction. Therefore, chitosan is considered to be a functional biomaterial with greater potential for use than cellulose.
The chitosan is a product of natural polysaccharide chitin with partial acetyl removed, has multiple physiological functions of biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, bacteriostasis, cancer resistance, lipid reduction, immunity enhancement and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of food additives, textiles, agriculture, environmental protection, beauty and health care, cosmetics, antibacterial agents, medical fibers, medical dressings, artificial tissue materials, drug slow release materials, gene transduction carriers, biomedical fields, medical absorbable materials, tissue engineering carrier materials, medical treatment, drug development and the like and other daily chemical industries.
The applicant unexpectedly finds that when the foliar fertilizer comprises chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide, the effect of blocking heavy metal cadmium is better, the applicant considers that the possible reason is that the double helix structure of chitosan enables the chitosan to spread on the surface of leaves, meanwhile, an amino group in the chitosan and cellulose in the leaves form a hydrogen bond structure, the absorption of plants to the metal cadmium is blocked, and the slow release effect is good, meanwhile, the applicant unexpectedly finds that when the weight-average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1200-1900 dalton, and when the concentration of the chitosan is 0.5-3g/L and the concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1-10g/L, the content of the metal cadmium in rice can be effectively reduced, and the yield of field crops can be remarkably increased, the applicant considers that the possible reason is that under the concentration, the chitosan with the weight-average molecular weight of 50-100 ten thousand dalton can form stable adsorption with the leaves, meanwhile, chitosan can be uniformly dispersed in chitosan oligosaccharide with the weight average molecular weight of 1200-1900 dalton, and partial chitosan oligosaccharide and other nitrogen-containing substance molecules can be effectively absorbed by rice leaves for energy supply.
Nitrogen-containing substance
In one embodiment, the nitrogen-containing substance is one or more of a polypeptide, a free amino acid, and a protein.
Preferably, the nitrogen-containing substance is a mixture of a polypeptide and an amino acid.
The weight ratio of the polypeptide and the amino acid of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be selected conventionally in the art according to actual needs.
The polypeptide and the amino acid provide effective nutrient substances for plants, and the yield of crops is improved to a certain extent.
Phosphate fertilizer
The phosphate fertilizer takes phosphorus as a main nutrient. The fertilizer efficiency (significant degree) and the fertilizer efficiency speed of the phosphate fertilizer are determined by the content of the available phosphorus pentoxide in the phosphate fertilizer, soil properties, a fertilizing method, crop types and the like.
The form of phosphorus present in the phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be selected by those skilled in the art in a conventional manner.
In one embodiment, the phosphorus element in the phosphate fertilizer is obtained by dissolving phosphorus in crab shells.
The phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogenous substance can be synergistic, and the yield of crops can be increased together.
Boron fertilizer
The boron fertilizer is a material with the indicated amount of boron to provide plant nutrients as the main effect, and the conventional boron fertilizer is a trace element fertilizer taking borax, boric acid, boron magnesium fertilizer and other boron chemical products as main components and used for agriculture. Boron is one of the essential nutrient elements of plants, and boric acid molecule (H)3BO3) The shape of (2) is absorbed and utilized by the plant and is not easy to move in the plant body. Boron can promote root growth, plays an important role in the synthesis and transportation of a product of photosynthesis, namely carbohydrate, and has a special role in the normal implementation of a fertilization process. The boron-deficient soil in China is available in both the south and the north, so that the rational application of boron fertilizer has important significance for developing agriculture in China.
The existence form of boron in the boron fertilizer is not particularly limited, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art conventionally.
In one embodiment, the boron fertilizer is obtained by dissolving phosphorus in crab shells.
The applicant unexpectedly finds that when the concentration of calcium salt is 100-150g/L, the concentration of silicon fertilizer is 15-35g/L, the concentration of potassium salt is 1-2g/L, the concentration of magnesium salt is 1.5-4g/L, the concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1-10g/L, and boron fertilizer is also present, and the concentration of boron fertilizer is 0.01-1g/L, the storage period of rice can be prolonged, the applicant considers that the possible reason is that the calcium salt, the silicon fertilizer, the potassium salt, the magnesium salt, the chitosan oligosaccharide and the boron fertilizer can be synergistic under proper concentration, and the chemical substance structure in the resultant rice is slightly changed in the process of promoting the absorption of the nutrient substances of the rice, so that the content of amylase in the rice is reduced, and the starch is hydrolyzed to generate small molecular saccharides in the storage period of the rice, the content of glucose, maltose and the like is correspondingly reduced, the content of free reducing groups is reduced, and the influence of excessive oxidation on the quality of rice is avoided.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent comprises the following steps:
dehydrating phosphoric acid at 110-130 ℃ until water is not evaporated any more to obtain polyphosphoric acid, and dissolving the chitin by using the polyphosphoric acid at 60-90 ℃ for 1-3h, wherein the weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the chitin is 1: (0.01-0.1), adding water and an oxidant in proportion, stirring and hydrolyzing at 80-90 ℃ for 1-2h to obtain a material A; mixing the chitin with mixed acid in a weight ratio of 1: (2.5-10), leaching for 3-10h at 30-60 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, washing the solid part, combining with the liquid part, and concentrating to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A and the material B according to a certain proportion to obtain the heavy metal blocking agent with the required substance content.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the conchoplast is 1: (2-5); more preferably, the weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the conchoplast is 1: 3.5.
preferably, the weight ratio of the total weight of the water and the oxidant to the polyphosphoric acid is 1: (1-10); more preferably, the weight ratio of the total weight of water and hydrogen peroxide to polyphosphoric acid is 1: 3.
preferably, the oxidizing agent is selected from one or more of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, peracetic acid, periodic acid; more preferably, the oxidizing agent is potassium permanganate.
Preferably, the mixed acid consists of nitric acid and an organic acid, and the weight ratio of the nitric acid to the organic acid is 1: (0.2-1); more preferably, the weight ratio of nitric acid to organic acid is 1: 0.6.
preferably, the organic acid is selected from one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, hemilactic acid, amino acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, sorbic acid and malic acid; further preferably, the organic acid is citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid; further preferably, the weight ratio of the citric acid to the acetic acid to the formic acid is 1: (1-5): 1; more preferably, the weight ratio of the citric acid to the acetic acid to the formic acid is 1: 3: 1.
preferably, the concentration of the mixed acid is 5-30 wt%; more preferably, the concentration of the mixed acid is 15 wt%.
The solvent of the mixed acid is water.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent comprises the following steps:
phosphoric acid was dehydrated at 120 ℃ until water was not evaporated any more to obtain polyphosphoric acid, which was used to dissolve chitin bodies at 70 ℃ for 2h in a weight ratio of 1: adding water and an oxidant in a proportion of 0.05, stirring and hydrolyzing at 85 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain a material A; mixing the chitin with mixed acid in a weight ratio of 1: 6, leaching for 6 hours at 45 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, washing the solid part, combining the solid part and the liquid part, and concentrating to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A and the material B according to a certain proportion to obtain the heavy metal blocking agent with the required substance content.
In one embodiment, the chitin body is selected from one or more of shrimp shell, crab shell, insect shell; preferably, the body of the shell is a crab shell.
The preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent is not limited to the preparation method from chitin in the invention, and the heavy metal blocking agent can be obtained by purchasing and mixing single components according to the components of the heavy metal blocking agent in the invention.
The second aspect of the invention provides an application of the heavy metal blocking agent in field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
Field crops: the field crops refer to crops planted in a field, such as wheat, rice, sorghum, corn, cotton, pasture and the like.
The invention provides a use method of the heavy metal blocking agent, which is spraying on the leaf surface.
In one embodiment, when the application object is vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, the heavy metal blocking agent is used by the method comprising: the heavy metal blocking agent is used for 500 mL/mu each time, diluted by 500 times and sprayed on the leaf surface once every 7 days, and the heavy metal blocking agent is continuously used for 1-3 times.
In one embodiment, when the application object is a field crop, the method for using the heavy metal blocking agent is as follows: the heavy metal blocking agent is used for 250 mL/mu each time, diluted by 200 times and sprayed on the leaf surface, and the heavy metal blocking agent is used once in the booting stage and the grouting stage respectively.
Examples
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but it should be understood that these examples are merely illustrative and not restrictive. The starting materials used in the examples which follow are all commercially available unless otherwise stated.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is composed of the following components: 105g/L calcium salt, 15g/L silicon fertilizer, 1g/L potassium salt, 1.5g/L magnesium salt, 1g/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.5g/L chitosan, 40g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 30g/L phosphate fertilizer and 0.01g/L boron fertilizer.
The preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent specifically comprises the following steps:
phosphoric acid was dehydrated at 110 ℃ until water did not evaporate any more to obtain polyphosphoric acid, which was used to dissolve chitin bodies for 3 hours at 60 ℃ in a weight ratio of 1: adding water and an oxidant in a proportion of 0.01, stirring and hydrolyzing at 80 ℃ for 3h to obtain a material A; mixing the chitin with mixed acid in a weight ratio of 1: 2.5, leaching for 10 hours at 45 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, washing the solid part, combining the solid part and the liquid part, and concentrating to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A and the material B according to a certain proportion to obtain the heavy metal blocking agent with the required substance content.
The weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the capsid plastid is 1: 2; the weight ratio of the total weight of the water and the oxidant to the polyphosphoric acid is 1: 1; the oxidant is potassium permanganate, the mixed acid is composed of nitric acid and organic acid, and the weight ratio of the nitric acid to the organic acid is 1: 0.2; the organic acid is citric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, and the weight ratio of the organic acid to the formic acid is 1: 1: 1; the concentration of the mixed acid is 5 wt%; the shell plastid is a crab shell.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is composed of the following components: 150g/L calcium salt, 35g/L silicon fertilizer, 2g/L potassium salt, 4g/L magnesium salt, 10g/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 3g/L chitosan, 60g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 50g/L phosphate fertilizer and 1g/L boron fertilizer.
The preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent specifically comprises the following steps:
phosphoric acid was dehydrated at 130 ℃ until water did not evaporate any more to give polyphosphoric acid, which was used to dissolve the capsid mass at 90 ℃ for 1h, in a weight ratio of 1: adding water and an oxidant in a proportion of 0.1, stirring and hydrolyzing at 90 ℃ for 1h to obtain a material A; mixing the chitin with mixed acid in a weight ratio of 1: 10, leaching at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, washing the solid part, combining the solid part and the liquid part, and concentrating to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A and the material B according to a certain proportion to obtain the heavy metal blocking agent with the required substance content.
The weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the capsid plastid is 1: 5; the weight ratio of the total weight of the water and the oxidant to the polyphosphoric acid is 1: 10; the oxidant is potassium permanganate, the mixed acid is composed of nitric acid and organic acid, and the weight ratio of the nitric acid to the organic acid is 1: 1; the organic acid is citric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, and the weight ratio of the organic acid to the formic acid is 1: 5: 1; the concentration of the mixed acid is 30 wt%; the shell plastid is a crab shell.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is composed of the following components: 101.2g/L calcium salt, 20g/L silicon fertilizer, 1.2g/L potassium salt, 2.2g/L magnesium salt, 3g/L chitosan oligosaccharide, 2g/L chitosan, 50g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 35.4g/L phosphate fertilizer and 0.02g/L boron fertilizer.
The preparation method of the heavy metal blocking agent specifically comprises the following steps:
phosphoric acid was dehydrated at 120 ℃ until water was not evaporated any more to obtain polyphosphoric acid, which was used to dissolve chitin bodies at 70 ℃ for 2h in a weight ratio of 1: adding water and an oxidant in a proportion of 0.05, stirring and hydrolyzing at 85 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain a material A; mixing the chitin with mixed acid in a weight ratio of 1: 6, leaching for 6 hours at 45 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation after leaching to obtain a solid part and a liquid part, washing the solid part, combining the solid part and the liquid part, and concentrating to obtain a material B; and mixing the material A and the material B according to a certain proportion to obtain the heavy metal blocking agent with the required substance content.
The weight ratio of the polyphosphoric acid to the capsid plastid is 1: 3.5; the weight ratio of the total weight of the water and the oxidant to the polyphosphoric acid is 1: 3; the oxidant is potassium permanganate, the mixed acid is composed of nitric acid and organic acid, and the weight ratio of the nitric acid to the organic acid is 1: 0.6; the organic acid is citric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, and the weight ratio of the organic acid to the formic acid is 1: 3: 1; the concentration of the mixed acid is 15 wt%; the shell plastid is a crab shell.
The total nitrogen content of the heavy metal blocking agent obtained in the implementation is 56.4 g/L.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 4
Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is composed of the following components: 101.2g/L calcium salt, 20g/L silicon fertilizer, 1.2g/L potassium salt, 2.2g/L magnesium salt, 50g/L nitrogen-containing substance, 35.4g/L phosphate fertilizer, 0.02g/L boron fertilizer, 3g/L chitosan oligosaccharide and 2g/L chitosan.
The calcium salt is calcium nitrate; the silicon fertilizer is purchased from positive energy agriculture development limited company, and the content of silicon dioxide is more than or equal to 29 percent; the potassium salt is potassium nitrate, and the magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate; the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1300 daltons, and the chitosan oligosaccharide is purchased from Wuhan Huazhike scientific & Jie biotechnology limited company; the chitosan is purchased from Jiangsu Banaba Biotech limited company, and the product number is sjxhz; the nitrogen-containing substance is polypeptide amino acid obtained by enzymolysis and fermentation, and is purchased from Sichuan chelate fertilizer manufacturing company Limited; the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the brand is GOPTON, the commodity number is GOPTON-003, and the phosphate fertilizer is purchased from import and export trade company of Arthur, Qingdao; the boron fertilizer is purchased from Johnson city, Haixin, Biotech, Inc.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 5
Example 5 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as example 4 in the specific embodiment, except that the concentrations of chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide are 0.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 6
Example 6 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as example 4, except that the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2000-3000 daltons, which is purchased from Guangzhou Jiayuan chemical company Limited and has a product number of 340.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 7
Example 7 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, and the specific embodiment thereof is the same as example 4, except that the concentration of the calcium salt is 80 g/L.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 8
Example 8 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as example 4 except that the concentration of the potassium salt is 0.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 9
Example 9 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as example 4 except that the concentration of the magnesium salt is 0.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 10
Embodiment 10 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as embodiment 4 in the specific implementation manner, except that the concentration of the boric fertilizer is 0.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Example 11
Example 11 of the present invention provides a heavy metal blocking agent, which is the same as example 4 in the specific embodiment, except that the concentration of chitosan is 0 g/L.
The heavy metal blocking agent is applied to field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
The application method of the heavy metal blocking agent is foliage spraying.
Performance evaluation
1. The blocking effect of heavy metal cadmium: the heavy metal blocking agents obtained in examples 1 to 10 were respectively sprayed, and the blocking effect of heavy metal cadmium was tested by spraying the heavy metal blocking agents on leaf surfaces at 250 mL/mu in the booting stage and the filling stage of rice. The cadmium content was tested according to GB 5009.15-2014, and rice without heavy metal blocking agent was used as a control.
TABLE 1
The content of heavy metal cadmium in the heavy metal blocking agent in example 3 in different varieties of rice is tested as follows:
TABLE 2
The reduction rate (%) of heavy metal cadmium was 100% (residual of rice cadmium without using a heavy metal blocking agent — residual of rice cadmium with a heavy metal blocking agent)/residual of rice cadmium without using a heavy metal blocking agent.
2. Yield increasing effect: diluting the mixture by 200 times according to 250 mL/mu respectively in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, and spraying the heavy metal obtained in the embodiment 1-10 on leaf surfacesAfter the isolation agent, the yield increase of the hectare of the rice is tested, and the yield is increased by 20m2The yield of (2) is deduced to be hectare yield, and the hectare yield (Kg) is (rice yield using the heavy metal blocking agent-rice yield without the heavy metal blocking agent)/rice yield without the heavy metal blocking agent. The heavy metal blockers of examples 1-10 were not used as controls; the rice variety is early rice/Zhonghan 39. The yield increase rate is more than 7 percent and is marked as excellent; the yield increase was found to be good at 4-7% and poor at less than 4%.
TABLE 3
3. And (3) storage period: the heavy metal blocking agents obtained in examples 1 to 11 were used to spray the foliage of rice at 250 mL/acre in the booting stage and the filling stage of the rice, respectively, and the storage period of the obtained rice was measured, and after the rice was stored for 4 months, the decay rate (%) of the starch content was calculated, and (the content of starch in the initial rice-the content of starch in the rice after 4 months of storage)/the content of starch in the initial rice, the decay rate was regarded as the first level when the decay rate was 5% or less, the decay rate was regarded as the second level when the decay rate was 5-10%, and the decay rate was regarded as the third level when the decay rate was more than 10%.
TABLE 4
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative and serve to explain some of the features of the method of the present invention. The appended claims are intended to claim as broad a scope as is contemplated, and the examples presented herein are merely illustrative of selected implementations in accordance with all possible combinations of examples. Accordingly, it is applicants' intention that the appended claims are not to be limited by the choice of examples illustrating features of the invention. Also, where numerical ranges are used in the claims, subranges therein are included, and variations in these ranges are also to be construed as possible being covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The heavy metal blocking agent is characterized by comprising 100-150g/L calcium salt, 15-35g/L silicon fertilizer, 1-2g/L potassium salt and 1.5-4g/L magnesium salt.
2. The heavy metal blocking agent according to claim 1, wherein the calcium salt is selected from one or more of calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, calcium chloride, calcium bromide and calcium bicarbonate.
3. The heavy metal blocking agent according to claim 1, wherein the potassium salt is one or more selected from potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium carbonate, and potassium hydroxide.
4. The heavy metal blocking agent according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium salt is selected from one or more of magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate.
5. The heavy metal blocking agent according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 1 to 10g/L of chitosan oligosaccharide.
6. The heavy metal blocking agent as set forth in claim 5, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 1200-1900 dalton.
7. The heavy metal blocking agent according to claim 5, wherein the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 0.5 to 3g/L of chitosan.
8. The heavy metal blocking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the heavy metal blocking agent further comprises 40 to 60g/L of a nitrogen-containing substance, 0 to 50g/L of a phosphate fertilizer, and 0 to 1g/L of a boron fertilizer.
9. Use of the heavy metal blocking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in field crops, vegetables, fruit trees and flowers.
10. A method of using the heavy metal blocking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which is foliar spray.
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| CN113149751A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-07-23 | 云南农业大学 | Foliage resistance and control agent for reducing arsenic and cadmium in rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN113475325A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for safely producing rapes on medium and light cadmium/lead polluted soil |
| CN115340875A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-15 | 重庆妙栽生物科技有限公司 | Barrier agent for reducing content of harmful heavy metals in plants, use method and application |
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| CN113149751A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-07-23 | 云南农业大学 | Foliage resistance and control agent for reducing arsenic and cadmium in rice and preparation method thereof |
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