CN116921407A - Wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil - Google Patents
Wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal combined pollution farmland soil safety utilization, in particular to a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead combined pollution alkaline soil. By adopting the three-dimensional combined technology of the soil conditioner, the low-cadmium-lead accumulation wheat variety and the leaf surface inhibitor, the problem that alkaline soil polluted by moderately severe cadmium and lead in China is difficult to repair simultaneously is solved, the cadmium and lead content in wheat grains is reduced simultaneously, the mu yield of wheat is increased while the safe production of the wheat is ensured, and the production and repair at the same time are truly realized. The wheat production method provided by the invention is convenient to implement, and is economical and feasible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal combined pollution farmland soil safety utilization, in particular to a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead combined pollution alkaline soil.
Background
Wheat is used as the most important cereal crop in northern areas of China, and provides about 20% of energy and protein for human beings. China is not only the largest wheat producing country but also the largest wheat consuming country, but the national soil pollution investigation publication published in 2014 shows that the problem of heavy metal pollution of farmland soil is quite serious, wherein the point position exceeding rates of heavy metal cadmium and lead reach 7.0% and 1.5% respectively, and heavy metal pollution elements can be gradually absorbed by root systems of crops and transferred upwards, so that heavy metals are accumulated in mature crops and finally endanger human health.
Aiming at the restoration technology of heavy metal contaminated soil, related researches on restoration of single cadmium or lead pollution by adopting single restoration measures exist at present, but the problems of high effective state content of cadmium and lead, strong mobility and the like exist in moderately severe cadmium and lead combined contaminated soil, so that the dosage of single passivation restoration material is large, the restoration effect is unstable, and the safe utilization of moderately severe cadmium and lead combined contaminated soil is difficult to realize. In addition, the technical method for safely producing the rice in the acid soil with the heavy metal combined pollution is developed aiming at the acid rice field soil with the light and medium heavy metal combined pollution. However, as the soil in northern China is more alkaline and the wheat and rice have species difference, the method cannot be directly used for the safe production of the wheat in alkaline soil polluted by cadmium and lead heavy metals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead combined polluted alkaline soil, which enables the alkaline soil which is severely cadmium-lead combined polluted in China to realize the safe production of wheat by a three-dimensional combined technology of a soil conditioner, a low cadmium-lead accumulation wheat variety and a leaf surface inhibitor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing wheat after applying biochar;
s2, spraying an amino acid composite microbial inoculum, wherein the amino acid composite microbial inoculum contains polypeptide, amino acid, organic nitrogen, bacillus megatherium and paenibacillus mucilaginosus.
The biochar has the characteristics of large specific surface area, loose and porous structure and the like, and functional groups and minerals carried on the surface of the biochar have adsorption and fixation effects on heavy metals in soil, so that the physicochemical properties of the soil and microbial communities in the soil can be changed, and the effective state contents of cadmium and lead in the soil are indirectly influenced. The amino acid composite bacterial agent is rich in polypeptide, amino acid, organic nitrogen, bacillus and other components, the amino acid and derivatives thereof can relieve stress of heavy metal on plants by means of metal chelation, oxidation resistance improvement, cell wall thickening and the like, and meanwhile, the paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the mixed bacteria prepared from the paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus megatherium have a certain passivation effect on soil heavy metal. The invention combines apricot kernel shell biochar, cadmium-lead low-accumulation wheat variety and amino acid compound microbial inoculum to plant wheat in alkaline soil polluted by moderately severe cadmium-lead compound, basically realizes the safe production of wheat, and solves the problem that alkaline soil polluted by moderately severe cadmium-lead in China is difficult to realize the safe production of wheat.
With the first aspect, the application amount of the biochar is 9000-11000 kg/hm 2 Preferably, the application amount is 10000kg/hm 2 Too little or too much biochar is applied to reduce the absorption effect of the wheat on heavy metals. When the application amount of the biochar is too smallThe effect is very little; however, if the application amount is too large, not only the economic cost is increased, but also no better effect is produced.
With reference to the first aspect, the biochar is apricot kernel shell biochar.
With the first aspect, the sowing quantity of the wheat is 350-400 kg/hm 2 Preferably, the sowing quantity is 375kg/hm 2 The wheat seeding quantity is too large, the seedlings are more in unit area, the individual competition is large, the seedlings are weak, and the lodging phenomenon is easy to occur, so that the yield is reduced; too small a wheat seeding amount makes it difficult to ensure a final emergence amount, possibly affecting the final yield.
In combination with the first aspect, the spraying amount of the amino acid composite bacterial agent is calculated by the number of effective living bacteria, and the concentration of the number of effective living bacteria is not less than 2.0x10 13 CFU/mL。
With reference to the first aspect, the application method of the biochar comprises the following steps: and throwing the biochar on the soil surface for ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 18-22 cm, so that the biochar and the soil are uniformly mixed, and then balancing for 6-8 days. The cultivation depth is too deep or too shallow, so that the fixing effect and the adsorption effect of the biochar on cadmium-lead pollution in soil are reduced. A further preferred cultivation depth is 20cm.
In combination with the first aspect, the spraying method of the amino acid composite microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: and respectively carrying out primary foliar spraying treatment in the jointing period, the heading period and the initial grouting period of the wheat, wherein the spraying degree is based on that liquid drops do not drop into soil.
The foliar spraying is selected to be carried out in the jointing period, the heading period and the initial grouting period of the wheat, which is more favorable for the absorption of wheat straw, leaves and undeveloped seeds to foliar resistance control agents, thereby reducing the absorption of the wheat to heavy metals more effectively.
In combination with the first aspect, the concentration range of cadmium and lead in the moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil is 1.0-5.0mg/kg and 500-1000mg/kg respectively.
With reference to the first aspect, the pH value of the alkaline soil ranges from 7.4 to 9.5, and the method is only applicable to alkaline soil.
With reference to the first aspect, the wheat variety is Jimai 22.
In combination with the first aspect, the spraying of the amino acid composite microbial inoculum is performed under the environmental humidity of 60% RH, the temperature of 35 ℃ and the wind power level of 2.
The environment humidity is too high, so that the sprayed amino acid composite microbial inoculum is not easy to adhere to the surface of the leaf surface, and the temperature is too high, so that the amino acid composite microbial inoculum is accelerated to decompose, and the drug effect is reduced.
In combination with the first aspect, the spraying of the amino acid composite microbial inoculum is performed within the range of 40-55% RH of ambient humidity and 28-33 ℃, and the preferable ambient humidity is 50% RH and the temperature is 30 ℃.
The three-dimensional combined technology of the soil conditioner, the wheat variety with low cadmium and lead accumulation and the leaf surface resistance and control agent is used for alkaline soil polluted by medium and severe cadmium and lead in China, the problems of simple components and functions, overlarge application amount and the like of a single repairing agent are solved, the practical application of the alkaline soil polluted by medium and severe cadmium and lead is expanded, the problem that the alkaline soil polluted by medium and severe cadmium and lead in China is difficult to utilize is solved, and the alkaline soil polluted by medium and severe cadmium and lead in China is successfully used for planting wheat and basically realizing the safe production of the wheat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the content of cadmium in the rhizosphere soil of wheat obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the content of lead in the effective state in the wheat rhizosphere soil obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the cadmium content of the wheat kernels obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the lead content of wheat kernels obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the enrichment factor of the wheat kernels of comparative examples 1-5 and example 1 for cadmium in the effective state in the wheat rhizosphere soil;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the enrichment factor of the wheat kernels of comparative examples 1-5 and example 1 for active lead in wheat rhizosphere soil;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the thousand kernel weights of wheat kernels obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the yields of wheat obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The apricot kernel shell biochar used in the invention is purchased from Hebei Dehua activated carbon limited company, the pH value is 10.42, the total carbon content is 54.81%, and the total nitrogen content is 0.749%.
The foliar inhibitor used in the invention is an amino acid composite microbial inoculum product purchased from Hebei leap Warewo biotechnology Co. The effective components of the microbial inoculum are polypeptide, free L-alpha amino acid and organic nitrogen, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0X10 8 CFU/mL。
The wheat variety used in the invention is a screened cadmium-lead low accumulation variety-Jimai 22: a representative farmland is selected in a river dirty irrigation area, a field plot test is adopted, differences of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) accumulation and transportation of 10 wheat varieties suitable for planting in a winter wheat area in the north are researched, and indexes such as wheat yield, cd and Pb content in the overground part of the wheat, enrichment coefficient, transportation coefficient and the like are comprehensively evaluated, so that the wheat 22 is a wheat variety with high yield and low Cd and Pb accumulation potential in seeds, and the wheat is suitable for popularization and planting in the Cd and Pb pollution area in the north of the winter wheat area in the Huang-Huai.
The specific implementation site of the invention is a severe cadmium-lead combined pollution test field in baoding city of Hebei province, and the pH value of soil of the test field is 7.65.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of test field soil
Example 1
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
s1, sowing apricot kernel shells before sowingCharcoal with application amount of 10000kg/hm 2 2 times of ploughing with ploughing depth of 20cm, sowing wheat variety Jimai 22 with low cadmium and lead accumulation after balancing for 7 days, wherein the sowing amount is 375kg/hm 2 ；
S2, carrying out primary foliar spraying treatment on the wheat in the jointing stage, the heading stage and the initial stage of grouting by using an amino acid composite microbial inoculum product, wherein the spraying amount is 2.0x10 13 CFU/hm 2 The spraying amount is calculated by the number of effective viable bacteria.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
the same procedure as in example 1 was followed to plant Jimai 22, but without spreading the apricot kernel shell charcoal before planting, and spraying was performed using deionized water instead of the amino acid complex microbial agent in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
the Jimai 22 was planted in the same manner as in example 1 except that only the apricot kernel shell charcoal was spread, and the amino acid complex microbial inoculum was not sprayed, wherein the spread amount of the charcoal was 5000kg/hm 2 The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
the Jimai 22 was planted in the same manner as in example 1 except that only the apricot kernel shell charcoal was spread, and the amino acid complex microbial inoculum was not sprayed, wherein the spread amount of the charcoal was 10000kg/hm 2 The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
the same procedure as in example 1 was followed to plant Jimai 22, but with the fact thatThe amino acid complex microbial inoculant of example 1 was replaced with 0.4% ZnSO 4 Spraying the solution with the spraying amount of 150L/hm 2 . ZnSO used 4 Solution according to 7.13g ZnSO 4 The solids were formulated in a ratio of 1L deionized water.
Comparative example 5
The embodiment provides a wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil, which comprises the following specific production steps:
fructus Tritici Aestivi 22 was grown by the same procedure as in example 1, except that the amino acid complex bacterial agent in example 1 was replaced with 0.4% MgSO 4 Spraying the solution with the spraying amount of 100L/hm 2 . MgSO used 4 The solution was prepared according to 8.20g of MgSO 4 The solids were formulated in a ratio of 1L deionized water.
Effect verification
After the wheat planted in the embodiment and the comparative example is ripe, the wheat sample field is sampled according to a 3-point sampling method, 5 whole wheat plants are respectively collected at each point, rhizosphere soil is collected by adopting a root shaking method, and the wheat plants are independently placed in a corresponding soil airing box to be naturally air-dried and are screened by a 1mm sieve for later use. And (3) leaching the sieved soil sample by adopting DTPA, and measuring the contents of effective cadmium and effective lead in rhizosphere soil by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).
Cleaning the collected wheat grains sequentially with tap water, distilled water and ultrapure water, deactivating enzyme at 85deg.C for 30min, oven drying at 60deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing with stainless steel pulverizer, and collecting wheat grains with HNO 3 +H 2 O 2 The rapid digestion method of the graphite furnace is used for digestion, the content of cadmium and lead in wheat grains is measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), the accuracy and precision are controlled by using national first-class standard substances (GBW 100493, wheat), and blank samples are synchronously analyzed to remove reagent interference; and 1m double rows of wheat aerial parts are collected in each district in the mature period and used for measuring the yield.
The wheat obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5 and example 1 were shown in the figures 1 to 8 in the form of a graph of the effective cadmium and effective lead content in the rhizosphere soil, the cadmium and lead content in the wheat grain, the enrichment coefficient of the wheat grain for the effective cadmium and effective lead in the rhizosphere soil, the thousand seed weight of the wheat and the yield.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and fig. 2, compared with the effective state content in the wheat rhizosphere soil of comparative examples 1 to 5, the effective state content in the wheat rhizosphere soil obtained in example 1 is significantly reduced, and the effective state cadmium and the effective state lead content are reduced by 45.35% and 46.68% respectively compared with comparative example 1, which shows that the three-dimensional combined technology of 'soil conditioner + cadmium-lead low accumulation wheat variety + leaf surface inhibitor' is adopted to combine the apricot kernel shell charcoal with the amino acid composite microbial agent, so that the effective state cadmium and the effective state lead content in the wheat rhizosphere soil can be greatly reduced.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the cadmium content in the wheat grain obtained in example 1 was the lowest as compared with the cadmium and lead content in the wheat grain obtained in comparative examples 1 to 5, and the cadmium content in the wheat grain obtained in comparative example 4 was substantially the same as the lead content in the wheat grain obtained in example 1, but was higher than the cadmium content in the wheat grain obtained in example 1, indicating that the use of the amino acid composite microbial agent as a foliar inhibitor can greatly reduce both the cadmium and lead content in the wheat grain; compared with comparative example 1, in which biochar is not applied and deionized water is used to replace the amino acid compound microbial inoculum, the wheat grain of example 1 has reduced amplitudes of cadmium and lead content of 49.44% and 68.06%, respectively, even the lead content is reduced to be within the national food safety standard value (GB 2762-2017 "pollutant quantity in food safety national Standard food" requires lead less than or equal to 0.2 mg/kg).
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the combination of the apricot kernel shell charcoal and the amino acid composite microbial agent in example 1 can reduce the enrichment coefficient of the wheat kernel to the cadmium and lead in the effective state in the rhizosphere soil, and compared with comparative example 1, the enrichment coefficient of the cadmium and lead in example 1 is respectively reduced by 7.43% and 40.21%.
As can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, the thousand grain weight and the acre yield of the wheat obtained in comparative example 4 and example 1 are higher than those in comparative example 1, respectively, wherein the thousand grain weight and the acre yield of the wheat obtained in example 1 using the amino acid composite microbial agent as the foliar resistance control agent are improved the highest, and the amplification is 5.90% and 11.85% respectively, compared with comparative example 1.
Through comprehensive analysis on the effective cadmium and effective lead content in the wheat rhizosphere soil, the cadmium and lead content in the wheat seeds, the enrichment coefficient of the wheat seeds on the effective cadmium and the effective lead content in the rhizosphere soil, the thousand grain weight of wheat and the mu yield of wheat, the method has the advantages that when the biochar, the low-accumulation wheat varieties of cadmium and lead and the amino acid composite microbial inoculum are combined to be used in alkaline soil polluted by moderately severe cadmium and lead, the effective cadmium and the effective lead content in the wheat rhizosphere soil planted in the alkaline soil and the cadmium and lead content in the wheat seeds can be simultaneously reduced, and the thousand grain weight and mu yield of wheat can be improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The wheat production method for the moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, sowing wheat after applying biochar;
s2, spraying an amino acid composite microbial inoculum, wherein the amino acid composite microbial inoculum contains polypeptide, amino acid, organic nitrogen, bacillus megatherium and paenibacillus mucilaginosus.
2. The method for producing wheat according to claim 1, wherein the amount of biochar applied is 9000 to 11000kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And/or
The biochar is apricot kernel shell biochar; and/or
The sowing quantity of the wheat is 350-400 kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And/or
The spraying amount of the amino acid composite bacterial agent is calculated by the number of effective living bacteria, and the concentration of the number of effective living bacteria is not less than 2.0x10 13 CFU/mL。
3. The wheat production method according to claim 1, wherein the application method of biochar is as follows: and throwing the biochar on the soil surface for ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 18-22 cm, so that the biochar and the soil are uniformly mixed, and then balancing for 6-8 days.
4. The wheat production method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying method of the amino acid complex microbial inoculum is as follows: and respectively carrying out primary foliar spraying treatment in the jointing period, the heading period and the initial grouting period of the wheat, wherein the spraying degree is based on that liquid drops do not drop into soil.
5. The wheat production method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration ranges of cadmium and lead in the moderately severe cadmium-lead composite contaminated alkaline soil are 1.0-5.0mg/kg and 500-1000mg/kg, respectively.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline soil has a pH in the range of 7.4 to 9.5.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wheat variety is jimai 22.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the amino acid complex microbial agent is sprayed at an ambient humidity of 60% RH or less, a temperature of 35 ℃ or less, and a wind power level of 2 or less.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the spraying of the amino acid complex microbial inoculum is performed at an ambient humidity of 40-55% RH and a temperature of 28-33 ℃.
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| CN202211295003.3A CN116921407A (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2022-10-21 | Wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil |
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| CN202211295003.3A CN116921407A (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2022-10-21 | Wheat production method for moderately severe cadmium-lead composite polluted alkaline soil |
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