CN106866266A - A kind of preparation method and application of tobacco leaf nutrient solution - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of tobacco leaf nutrient solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN106866266A CN106866266A CN201710179580.9A CN201710179580A CN106866266A CN 106866266 A CN106866266 A CN 106866266A CN 201710179580 A CN201710179580 A CN 201710179580A CN 106866266 A CN106866266 A CN 106866266A
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- nutrient solution
- tobacco leaf
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/007—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from derived products of animal origin or their wastes, e.g. leather, dairy products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf nutrient solution, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:Step 1, by clear water, rice bran, ground phosphate rock, sea grass essence, brown sugar with 45 55:2‑4:1‑2:0.5‑1.5:46 ratio is well mixed, and is made fermentation material;Step 2, enzyme nutrient solution is added in the step 1 gained mixed fermentation material in 1 2% ratio, is stirred, and carries out the fermentation of 15 20 days, and is irregularly stirred or inflating pump is inflated, and obtains tobacco leaf nutrient solution;Tobacco leaf nutrient solution of the present invention improves crop product quality and improves yield, be used in tobacco leaf can it is hyperchromic, increase leaf weight, improve yield, improve value of the product, active ferment nutrient solution conditionses are friendly, long-term use can improve the single situation of soil hardening caused by long-term use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, herbicide, acidifying, trophic structure, fundamentally improve because of cigarette strain disease caused by soil fail.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ferment technical field, more particularly to a kind of enzyme nutrient solution for being applied to tobacco leaf and its work is prepared
Skill and application.
Background technology
Tobacco mosaic disease includes tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), each cigarette district in the world generally occurs.China's north and south cigarette district has generation, especially southern cigarette
Area is aggrieved heavier, and can fall ill the strain incidence of disease general 5%~20% in field from seedling stage to harvest time, and indivedual fields may be up to 90%
~100%;The loss of early stage morbidity is up to 50~70%, until having no harvest.Additionally, sick leaf irregular colour after roasting solarization, smoke is poor,
Quality is greatly lowered.
Mosaic disease is one of tobacco persistent ailment, and temporarily without measure is successfully managed, in the case where mosaic disease breaks out, every mu of vega is net
Loss is more than thousand yuan.The chemicals such as long-term use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, herbicide are to cause the important original of soil texture environmental degradation
Cause, cigarette strain hypoimmunity is susceptible to suffer from various diseases, and mosaic virus can also hide among " dead soil " for a long time, make leaf tobacco production mistake
Journey is absorbed in vicious circle.
The element such as natural mannitol, bran propylhomoserin, natural trace element, amino acid can provide tobacco leaf normal growth, and blade increases
Add weight, the present invention will provide a kind of safety non-toxic, efficient biological tobacco fertilizer.
The content of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of active ferment nutrient solution, and its nutritional ingredient is high, compared with the past " with
Poison attacks poison " tobacco mosaic disease is treated using the composition of dense poison, active ferment nutrient solution is complete pulverised addition, nontoxic nothing
Evil, can allow plant to fully absorb, and the quick active ferment nutrient solution that absorbs brings supply nutrition, and the enzyme nutrient solution of preparation is entered
Row reuses the biological tobacco leaf fertilizer of preparation.
A kind of enzyme nutrient solution of the present invention, its raw material presses following mass percent:Expired milk powder 30-35%, egg 3-
3.5%, brown sugar 8-8.5%, probiotics 1-1.5%, water 50-60%.
A kind of preparation method of enzyme nutrient solution, it is characterised in that after the component of following mass percents is fermented
, comprise the following steps:
1) round cleaning and sterilizing, can reduce miscellaneous bacteria infection chance, standby;
2) raw material of above-mentioned mass percent is weighed, it is standby;
3) a part of water is first injected in the round, pours into raw material in addition to the probiotics, noted again after mixing fully
Enter remaining water, add water energy to be sufficiently mixed raw material at twice, round need to reserve certain space and be fermented for mixed liquor, hair
Gas generation is had during ferment, if headspace can not cause container expansion to be burst, and is irregularly put during the fermentation
Gas, bottleneck is somewhat opened, with gas of releasing;
4) by step 3) gained mixed liquor treatment was inflated in 24 hours, it is therefore an objective to carry out aerobic fermentation;
5) probiotics is put into step 4) mixed liquor, and be sufficiently stirred for;
6) it is above-mentioned round is In Shade, obtain enzyme nutrient solution after carrying out the fermentation of 30-40 days.
Application of the described enzyme nutrient solution in preventing and treating tobacco leaf mosaic disease.
A kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf nutrient solution, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution include above-mentioned enzyme nutrient solution with
Clear water, rice bran, ground phosphate rock, sea grass essence, brown sugar mixed fermentation and obtain, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, by clear water, rice bran, ground phosphate rock, sea grass essence, brown sugar with 45-55:2-4:1-2:0.5-1.5:The ratio of 4-6
It is well mixed, it is made ferment fermentation material;
Wherein, rice bran is a kind of cortex of yellow that husk rice operation is obtained in Rice producing, is the cortex of rice fruit,
Referred to as rice skin, clear chaff, paddy obtain brown rice after threshing shelling, and the part discarded during from brown rice to polished rice is exactly
Rice bran, rice bran main component is carbohydrate, fat and protein, additionally contains the compositions such as vitamin.It is natural culture with rice bran
Base, by its to beneficial microbe through being cultivated, being fermented, with it is nontoxic, have no side effect, noresidue, it is pollution-free do not produce it is anti-
The property of medicine, it is with low cost the features such as, be preferable Substitutes For Antibiotic.It can supplement in plant in quantity or species and lack or lack
Microecological balance in weary microflora, adjustment or maintenance soil, improves and strengthens plant human body immune function, improves plant
The anti-stress ability of body.Simultaneously as controllability, it is possible to increase nitrogen, phosphorus utilization in organic liquid fertilizer, so as to reduce soil
Pollution of the middle heavy full category to environment, reduces plantation unit to plant resources, the consumption of water resource, eliminates agriculture environmental pollution
" effecting a permanent cure ".The mycoprotein that rice bran is produced during the fermentation can directly be absorbed by plants.Improve the energy of the absorption nutrition of plant
Power, improves the body immunity of plant, the rice bran of the present invention preferably grinds.
Plant, the content of soil mineral can be increased from ground phosphate rock in formula, ground phosphate rock has two kinds of grey or brown,
Main component is fluorine-apatite, and containing full phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide) 10-35%, the wherein phosphorus of 3-5% is dissolved in weak acid, can be by crop
Absorb.After being manured into soil, the weak acid that the acidity in soil, edaphon, crop root are secreted etc. is relied primarily on
Effect is converted, and can just be absorbed by crops utilization, and its fertilizer efficiency is very slow and lasting.Increase this making composition of ground phosphate rock
Liquid fertilizer, using once, fertilizer efficiency can be maintained several years.
Sea grass essence is a kind of natural prodcuts, and plant is complemented each other, and sea grass is present in deep-sea, cannot in sunlight
Under irradiation, voluntarily develop, be not required to photosynthesis, nutrient and storage nutrient can be manufactured, be in current fertilizer contained trace element and
A kind of most natural fertilizers of rare element, are natural hormones, are benefited to increasing soil organic matter content for plant, are increased
The vigor of soil during continuous cropping.
Step 2, enzyme nutrient solution is added in the step 1 gained mixed fermentation material in the ratio of 1-2%, and stirring is equal
It is even, the fermentation of 15-20 days is carried out, and be irregularly stirred or inflating pump is inflated, such as inflate the cycle within 2-3 days, accelerate to ferment,
Obtain tobacco leaf nutrient solution.Wherein, the effect inflated or stir because the organic matter material being added in water is difficult to be completely dissolved,
Deposit to container bottom and easily produce anaerobic layer, so needing irregularly to inflate or stir the organic matter such as rice bran tried one's best and allow in water
And then inflate rolling, accelerate fermentation.
The nutrient solution is that foliage dressing or soil-perfusion are applied fertilizer, and wherein foliar fertilizer dilutes 100-200 times, and soil-perfusion is dilute
Release 50-100 times.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Part of the present invention containing probiotics photosynthetic bacteria, it is in plant absorption nutrition simultaneously, prebiotic
Bacterium can resist and conquer in soil completely, because of the harmful levels of pathogens that long-term use chemical fertilizer is brought, bad bacterium germ be eaten up,
And it is last make fermentation when reserved 3 months bacteria time, bacterium is more foster strongr in favourable environment, used in soil with
And when on crop, the bacterium evil bacterium in plant and soil can be effectively antagonized.Wherein, the composition of photosynthetic bacteria is being applied to as tobacco leaf
When on such crop based on the economy of blade face so that plant effectively absorbs sunlight, plant by photosynthesis it is strong its
Body, strengthens the resistance and immunity of its plant.Active ferment nutrient solution can effectively contain the skill that mosaic disease is destroyed to plant
Art, with the unrivaled advantageous effect of other technologies:It is environment-friendly, long-term use can improve because long-term use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals,
The single situation of soil hardening, acidifying caused by herbicide, trophic structure, fundamentally improves because of cigarette caused by soil fail
Strain disease, so as to reach the target that volume increase increment increases matter (tobacco leaf degree lifting), while being also effective against various phytopathies, disease pest
Spread to reach sustainable, green non-pollution purpose.
Containing natural mannitol, bran propylhomoserin, natural trace element, amino acid etc., these elements are all plants to tobacco leaf nutrient solution
Institute is required, can provide tobacco leaf normal growth, and blade increases weight, promotes the functions such as root growth, vane extension development, while plus
Fast plant restoration ecosystem gesture under the adverse circumstances such as insufficient light, waterflooding, fertilizer damage and poisoning, improves crop product quality and improves and produce
Amount, being used in tobacco leaf can hyperchromic, increase leaf weight, raising yield, raising value of the product.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is illustrated with specific embodiment and toxicity test, the test of pesticide effectiveness below.
Raw material of the invention can market purchasing.
When making ferment, sugar is indispensable composition, and the presence of sugar makes the final product of fermentation turn into ferment, and sugar is ferment
Female bacterium provides a large amount of sufficient nutriment, the probiotics amount reproduction for having promoted, more bioactive ingredients of generation and organic
The root, stem and leaf of small molecule, soil and plant is easier to be absorbed to nutrition;The final product for determining organic active ferment of selection of sugar
Matter.Brown sugar, also the red sugar of name, purple sugar, are redness of the skin or complexion crystalline solid of the stem of gramineous herbaceous plant sugarcane through pressing extracting juice to refine,
There are abundant sugared part, mineral matter and Glycolic acid, the metabolism of Skin Cell can be accelerated, for cell provides energy, supplement the nutrients, promote
Regeneration, containing unique natural acids and pigment Auto-regulator in brown sugar, can effectively adjust various metabolism of pigment processes, balance skin
Interior colouring matter secretion quantity and Magnifying chromoscopy, reduce the abnormal stacking of local pigment.
The present invention tested white sugar, brown sugar etc. it is variant sugar brew ferment, optimal brown sugar because the viable bacteria of brown sugar compared with
By force, the enzyme activity brewed out is very high, as long as brown sugar is soaked into molten with cold water, filtering.Play the glass jug equipped with liquid brown sugar
Firmly rock, brown sugar is the mineral content of the brown sugar highest in carbohydrate as exciting many vesicles as carbonated drink, there is trace element,
Such as calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium and folic acid and other mineral matters, and be conducive to soil acid-base equilibrium, this mineral matter is natural extraction
Take and secondary injury is caused to soil without any chemical noxious composition;Brown sugar can provide carbon C, breathed in night row for plant and made
With, can promoting root growth system growth;Brown sugar can also improve carbon nitrogen rate, improve profitable strain density, supply beneficial edaphon
Nutritional agents, while improving soil granular structure, brief introduction promotes the absorption of other fertilizer, and enhancing crop is low temperature resistant, the ability of arid with
Disease-resistant rate.
Narrowly, white sugar can only provide heat as condiment or purely, almost without other any nutritive values.And
The chemicals such as sulfuric acid phosphoric acid have been used in its process, residual more or less can have all been left.
Rock sugar (white sugar):Be from sugarcane extract syrup through filtering, precipitation, evaporation, crystallization, decolourize and the universe is dry etc. that technique is formed
The original sucrose of solid.
In sum, because brown sugar contains the generation that abundant active principle achieves ferment.And white sugar, rock sugar are to ferment
Help little.Because brown sugar is not by sucrose that is highly refined, decolourizing.Not only nutritious, contained mineral matter composition
It is higher.Make environmental protection ferment its function it is stronger be also simultaneously microorganism nutrition foundation, allow probiotics to play the phagocytosis of its advantage
And suppressing the bad bacterium of soil and plant roots cauline leaf, this is called and does antagonism, is the microorganism made good use of, and disinthibites bad
Microorganism.
Choosing the fertilising of milk fermentation liquid has two purposes, and one is to take milk to contain abundant amino acid, can when being applied to crop
To promote crop local flavor;Two is to utilize it as beneficial microorganism nutrient, to cultivate a large amount of beneficial microbes to supplement field
Beneficial microbe, promotes crop health or promotes nutrient uptake and utilization.
Milk can just must be applied by fermentation, if directly applying the harmful microorganism of the easy defect life in field, to making
Thing is unfavorable.The process for being made fertilizer typically need to become less molecule through the composition of beneficial microbe decomposing milk, convenient to plant
Thing absorbs.Expired milk use cost lowers, the expired quality having no effect on after milk fermentation, just ox expired at last
Rich in protein, lipid and several mineral materials are still contained in milk, the inside, therefore can be supplied as the nutrient of crop as fertilizer
To source.As beneficial microorganism nutrient, field beneficial microbe is supplemented to cultivate a large amount of beneficial microbes, promote crop and be good for
Health promotes nutrient uptake and utilization, it is possible to provide beneficial bacteria growth nutrient in soil, the effect of additional improvement soil property.
20 kilograms of the expired milk powder of embodiment one, 2 kilograms of egg, 5 kilograms of brown sugar, 1 kilogram of chlorella yakult viable bacteria fermentation breast, water 36
Kilogram.
20 kilograms of two milk powder of embodiment, 2 kilograms of egg, 5 kilograms of brown sugar, 1 kilogram of chlorella yakult viable bacteria fermentation breast, water 36 is public
Jin.
20 kilograms of the expired milk powder of embodiment three, 2 kilograms of egg, 5 kilograms of white sugar, 1 kilogram of chlorella yakult viable bacteria fermentation breast, water 36
Kilogram.
Embodiment one, embodiment two, embodiment three make enzyme nutrient solution by following technique.
Ferment manufacturing process:
The waddy of instrument-stirring, inflating pump (can allow aerobic bacteria Acceleration of growth).
Embodiment processing step:
1st, 80 liters of plastic containers for having closure mouthful are prepared, in wall thickness of plastic container requirement is more than 3 the insides less than 5
Face, bucket wall is too thin easily to be split because of the gas expansion of cask fermentation, and wall is thin to be also easy to be influenceed by ambient temperature;
2nd, bucket is first cleaned, miscellaneous bacteria infection chance can be reduced;
3rd, 1/4 barrel of clear water (underground water or spring) is first injected, the goods, materials and equipments in addition to chlorella yakult viable bacteria fermentation breast is poured into, often
Need to fill after part stirs companion after pouring into one and can just pour into the next item down, such as first pour into brown sugar, plus a small amount of water causes it to dissolve, and has added
Machine matter (expired milk powder, egg connects eggshell), stirs;
5th, water is added to eight points of container full (can not fill it up with, fermentation process can reflation), with small air pump (or air
Pump) 24 hours inflate, or with every dozen of one hour rest half an hour of timing means, purpose of inflating is to carry out aerobic fermentation, it is to avoid detested
Aerobe fermentation produces harmful substance (alcohol or methyl alcohol);
6th, mixed with chlorella yakult viable bacteria fermentation breast after stirring evenly;
7th, during fermenting, not timing stirring about can be used through 30 days or so.Can complete to come according to whether organic matter all decomposes
Judge whether fermentation succeeds;
8th, gas can be produced in manufacturing process, makes sure to keep in mind daily somewhat to open bottleneck, with gas of releasing, it is to avoid bottle is supportted
It is broken;
9th, enzyme nutrient solution is positioned over air circulation and shady place, it is to avoid sunshine shining directly.
The performance indications testing result of each embodiment sample is shown in Table 1
Example IV:
It is the preparation that seed bacterium solution carries out tobacco leaf nutrient solution with embodiment one.
Prepare 150 liters of fermenters one, weigh finely disintegrated rice bran 6kg, ground phosphate rock 3kg, sea grass essence 2kg, brown sugar
10kg, adds 100kg water after mixing, mix again, is made fermentation material.Seed liquor as obtained by 1% accesses embodiment one, mixes
Fermented again after even 15 days, to accelerate fermentation stirring in 2-3 days once, the worm's ovum spawnings such as fermentation bung, preventing and treating fly covered with net,
Fermenter need not be closed, takes out standby after 15 days.
Test effect
The products obtained therefrom of embodiment one is carried out the controlling experiment of tobacco mosaic disease, result of the test is as follows.
Test method:The present embodiment enzyme nutrient solution shakes up when using, every mu of consumption 15ml, and blade face dilutes 250 times and sprays,
Applied immediately after dilution, totally three treatment.
Test period:Test and start to the end of day of May 29 on April 27th, 2016.
Test site:Experiment is located at Hengnan County on the sunny side by bridge oil depot.
Result of the test shows:Repeatedly tested on the ground within nearly 2 years, the present embodiment can effectively suppress mosaic disease deterioration;No
But leaf of falling ill is able to keep-alive and protects product, and can at utmost ensure that flue cured tobacco quality is excellent;Prevention effect to tobacco mosaic disease is good,
General prevention effect reaches as high as 100% more than 95%;The enzyme nutrient solution preparation method is simple, easy to operate.
Example IV products obtained therefrom is carried out the fertilising on tobacco blade face or the administration of soil irrigation, foliar fertilizer dilution 100-
200 times, soil-perfusion dilutes 50-100 times.Result of the test shows that the product can not only provide tobacco leaf normal growth, and blade increases
Weight, moreover it is possible to promote the functions such as root growth, vane extension development, while accelerating plant in insufficient light, waterflooding, fertilizer damage and medicine
Restoration ecosystem gesture under the adverse circumstances such as evil, improves crop product quality and improves yield, and being used in tobacco leaf can hyperchromic, increase blade weight
Amount, raising yield, raising value of the product.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of preparation method of tobacco leaf nutrient solution, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1, by clear water, rice bran, ground phosphate rock, sea grass essence, brown sugar with 45-55:2-4:1-2:0.5-1.5:The ratio mixing of 4-6
Uniformly, it is made fermentation material;
Step 2, enzyme nutrient solution is added in the step 1 gained mixed fermentation material in the ratio of 1-2%, is stirred, and is entered
The row fermentation of 15-20 days, and be irregularly stirred or inflating pump is inflated, obtain tobacco leaf nutrient solution;
Wherein, the enzyme nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following mass percent:Expired milk powder 30-35%, egg 3-
3.5%, brown sugar 8-8.5%, probiotics 1-1.5%, water 50-60%.
2. the preparation method of tobacco leaf nutrient solution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation of the enzyme nutrient solution
Comprise the following steps:
1) round cleaning and sterilizing, it is standby;
2) raw material of above-mentioned mass percent is weighed, it is standby;
3) a part of water is first injected in the round, pours into raw material in addition to the probiotics, reinjected after mixing fully remaining
Under water, round need to reserve certain space for mixed liquor ferment;
4) by step 3) gained mixed liquor treatment was inflated in 24 hours;
5) probiotics is put into step 4) mixed liquor, and fully stir and stir;
6) it is above-mentioned round is In Shade, the fermentation of 30-40 days is carried out, and be irregularly stirred, stirring every time
Time 15-20mins, obtains enzyme nutrient solution.
3. the application of the tobacco nutrient solution obtained by preparation method described in claim 1.
4. the application of tobacco nutrient solution according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the nutrient solution is foliage dressing or soil
Perfusion fertilising, wherein foliar fertilizer dilute 100-200 times, and soil-perfusion dilutes 50-100 times.
5. application of any enzyme nutrient solutions of claim 1-2 in preventing and treating tobacco leaf mosaic disease.
6. the application of the enzyme nutrient solution of tobacco mosaic disease is prevented and treated according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the ferment battalion
Nutrient solution amount of application is 15-20ml/ mus.
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CN109180289A (en) * | 2018-07-29 | 2019-01-11 | 河南农业大学 | A kind of tobacco leaf water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer and its method of administration |
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