CN106823564A - 一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：将镍与易挥发合金元素制成合金粉，再使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，再与堇青石陶瓷粉、造孔剂一起混合，压制成型，在真空环境中，将镍基合金中的易挥发合金元素逐渐挥发，要求易挥发合金元素的蒸汽压比镍基合金中基体元素的蒸汽压高，且能够与基体合金元素形成均匀的合金或固溶体。本发明使用镍合金挥发形成多孔的结构，提高了陶瓷韧性，防止开裂，同时镍金属与贵金属的亲和力强，提高负载贵金属能力，防止贵金属脱落；同时使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，既提高了陶瓷的强度，又提高了贵金属的附着强度，防止脱落，提高了催化效率，可用于制备壁流式蜂窝陶瓷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及堇青石蜂窝陶瓷过滤体技术领域，尤其是一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技的进步，机械化水平的提高，机动车成为人们不可忽缺的工具，给人们带来了便利的同时，环境污染变的日益严重。机动车排放的尾气中包含有多种污染物质，主要污染物有：一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化物（NOx）、碳氢化合物（HC）和细微颗粒物等，这些污染物对人体健康具有潜在的长久危害，对生态环境造成直接的污染和破坏。柴油车排放中含有CO、Nox、HC外，其中含有的颗粒物以碳黑为主，含有苯并芘等致癌物质，人体吸入后会损伤肺泡和粘膜，引起肺组织纤维化，导致肺心病，并可引起慢性鼻咽炎、慢性支气管炎等一系列疾病。
近几年来，各地区灰霾天气越来越多，低层环境空气呈灰蓝色，这是较典型的机动车尾气污染。根据环境监测机构的监测数据和有关专家的分析，机动车排放的细微颗粒物是造成灰霾天气的主要原因。这种颗粒物在阳光、温度等作用下会形成气溶胶，笼罩在城市上空，不仅导致雾霾灰霾天气，还会携裹着大量化学污染物在空中飘荡，很容易随人的呼吸系统进入人体。
单独使用堇青石制作多孔陶瓷强度低、易碎，负载贵金属能力有限，贵金属容易脱落，需要改进。
发明内容
本发明为了克服现有技术的不足，提供了以下技术方案：
一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，将镍与易挥发合金元素制成合金粉，再使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，再与堇青石陶瓷粉、造孔剂一起混合，压制成型，在真空环境中，将镍基合金中的易挥发合金元素逐渐挥发，要求易挥发合金元素的蒸汽压比镍基合金中基体元素的蒸汽压高，且能够与基体合金元素形成均匀的合金或固溶体。
所述镍基合金中易挥发合金元素的原子百分比控制在35-45％之间。
所述易挥发合金元素为锰、锌、镉、铋、钡、钙、铕、锂、硒、镁、锶、锑、碲、铊、镱之一种或多种。
碳纳米管负载贵金属的制备方法为，将贵金属盐在溶液中分散均匀，加入碳纳米管混合均匀，干燥，煅烧，粉碎，即得，其中碳纳米管与贵金属物质的质量比为4-5:1-1.5。
镍基合金中易挥发合金元素在200℃-1200℃温度区间以及持续高真空度的条件下挥发。
碳纳米管：镍合金：堇青石陶瓷粉：造孔剂的质量比为8-9:55-58:35-39:1.3-1.6。
本发明的优点是：本发明使用镍合金挥发形成多孔的结构，提高了陶瓷韧性，防止开裂，同时镍金属与贵金属的亲和力强，提高负载贵金属能力，防止贵金属脱落；同时使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，既提高了陶瓷的强度，又提高了贵金属的附着强度，防止脱落，提高了催化效率，可用于制备壁流式蜂窝陶瓷,提高对尾气和废气净化能力，清洗时不易损坏，延长使用寿命。
具体实施方式
一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，将镍与易挥发合金元素制成合金粉，再使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，再与堇青石陶瓷粉、造孔剂一起混合，压制成型，在真空环境中，将镍基合金中的易挥发合金元素逐渐挥发，要求易挥发合金元素的蒸汽压比镍基合金中基体元素的蒸汽压高，且能够与基体合金元素形成均匀的合金或固溶体。
所述镍基合金中易挥发合金元素的原子百分比控制在40％。
所述易挥发合金元素为锰、锌、镉、铋、钡、钙、铕、锂、硒、镁、锶、锑、碲、铊、镱之一种或多种。
碳纳米管负载贵金属的制备方法为，将贵金属盐在溶液中分散均匀，加入碳纳米管混合均匀，干燥，煅烧，粉碎，即得，其中碳纳米管与贵金属物质的质量比为4:1。
镍基合金中易挥发合金元素在1000℃温度区间以及持续高真空度的条件下挥发。
碳纳米管：镍合金：堇青石陶瓷粉：造孔剂的质量比为8:55:37:1.4。
Claims (6)
1.一种柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：将镍与易挥发合金元素制成合金粉，再使用碳纳米管负载贵金属，再与堇青石陶瓷粉、造孔剂一起混合，压制成型，在真空环境中，将镍基合金中的易挥发合金元素逐渐挥发，要求易挥发合金元素的蒸汽压比镍基合金中基体元素的蒸汽压高，且能够与基体合金元素形成均匀的合金或固溶体。
2.根据权利要求1所述柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：原材料镍基合金中易挥发合金元素的原子百分比控制在35-45％之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述易挥发合金元素为锰、锌、镉、铋、钡、钙、铕、锂、硒、镁、锶、锑、碲、铊、镱之一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：碳纳米管负载贵金属的制备方法为，将贵金属盐在溶液中分散均匀，加入碳纳米管混合均匀，干燥，煅烧，粉碎，即得，其中碳纳米管与贵金属物质的质量比为4-5:1-1.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：镍基合金中易挥发合金元素在200℃-1200℃温度区间以及持续高真空度的条件下挥发。
6.根据权利要求1所述柴油车尾气处理用堇青石多孔陶瓷过滤体的制备方法，其特征在于：碳纳米管：镍合金：堇青石陶瓷粉：造孔剂的质量比为8-9:55-58:35-39:1.3-1.6。
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