CN106811563B - A method of iron ore reduction ironmaking is carried out using electric field - Google Patents
A method of iron ore reduction ironmaking is carried out using electric field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method for carrying out iron ore reduction ironmaking using electric field, using Iron Ore Powder as raw material, with addition of appropriate slag former, electrolyte will be used as after both this melting, by applying a DC electric field between the cathode that is placed in the inert anode in electrolyte and is placed in iron carbon solution, it is electrochemically reacted, the iron in electrolyte in ferriferous oxide is restored to and entered iron carbon solution, and the oxygen in ferriferous oxide is then discharged into atmosphere by the way that anode reaction occurs with inert anode in the form of oxygen.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to iron and steel smelting technology fields, in particular to carry out the melting of iron ore electrochemistry also using extra electric field
Former iron making technology.
Background technique
China's crude steel yield has broken through 800,000,000 tons within 2013, and annual output is also being increased with the speed of annual 3-5%.Wherein
The overwhelming majority comes from blast furnace-bof process.Development of the blast furnace iron-making process after centuries, technique have reached its maturity.Even if such as
This, there is also some problems for blast furnace technology: process flow is complicated, energy consumption is high, environmental pollution is serious and invests huge etc..It is smelted iron
Technique can simply be expressed from the next:
2Fe2O3+ 3C=4Fe (l)+3CO2(g)
CO2Be lead to the predominant gas of greenhouse effects, and using energy intensive as the steel and iron industry of distinguishing feature be discharge
CO2Rich and influential family.1 ton of steel of every production will generate 2 tons of CO2, and steel and iron industry CO in 2006 according to statistics2Discharge amount reaches surprising 21
Hundred million tons.The CO of steel and iron industry discharge2Account for the 10%-15% of total emission volumn.Because of iron and steel enterprise CO2Discharge amount is greatly decreased, make its
Implement that the payment of carbon tax can be reduced when carbon tax collection in the future or obtains CO2Emission trading rights are (i.e. in Kyoto Protocol frame
Under, if a company CO2Discharge amount is less than expection, so that it may and remaining amount is sold, and is recompensed, and those discharge amounts exceed
The company of limit must then buy Additional discharges license and impose a fine and sanction to avoid government, make generally CO2Discharge amount is constant).It is right
Under the increasingly tighter form of environmental requirement, the world smelt iron (steel-making) road where?
In addition blast furnace technology has very strong dependence to metallurgical coke, however from the point of view of explored world's coal reserves, it is burnt
Coal only the total coal storage of Zhan 5%, and be distributed it is very uneven, therefore the development of blast furnace ironmaking be faced with coking coal lack difficulty.
In order to get rid of dependence of the steel production to coking coal；It seeks and reduces resource, energy consumption, reduce disposal of pollutants.It is compact
, the new Steel Production Flow Chart of economical production small scale, realize " densification " of steel production；In order to reduce CO2Discharge is fitted
Answer increasing environmental protection requirement；In order to cope with global coking coal, iron ore price rises steadily, and seeks mill coal
The energy and current traditional steel production cannot utilize iron ore deposit for the approach of steel production；In order to improve steel products knot
Structure improves steel products quality, reduces the consumption in kind of steel products, and non-blast furnace ironmaking, that is, non-burnt ironmaking becomes recent decades
The hot topic for carrying out development of iron & steel industry is considered as one of cutting edge technology and the important directions of development of iron & steel industry by people.
COREX, FINEX and HISMELT process can not in the non-blast furnace ironmaking technique that current metallurgy circle is more paid close attention to
Using coking coal, the environmental pollution caused so as to avoid coke making process.COREX smelts process using shaft furnace-melting gasification furnace,
FINEX smelts process using fluidized bed-melting gasification furnace, and HISMELT uses reaction in molten steel, thus just determines these streams
The characteristic and adaptation range of journey: COREX must use lump ore, and fine ore then can be used in HISMELT and FINEX；Mature shaft furnace gas base
Reducing process is the important leverage of COREX process industry, and powder fluidization bed is since the problems such as bonding not yet is fully solved, iron is bathed
Intrinsic contradictions between furnace second-time burning and lining wear have been doomed the difficulty that FINEX and HISMELT is realized and have been flowed much higher than COREX
Journey.COREX and FINEX process generates the reproducibility tail gas of a large amount of high heating values, and the approach of waste gas utilization will determine the economy of technique
Property, and HISMELT high temperature low-heating-value tail gas becomes " chicken ribs " of technique.
Various gas-based reduction techniques can produce sponge iron or hot wafering at a lower temperature, shaft furnace process (MIDREX,
HYL-III) than fluidized bed process (FINMET) maturation, therefore shaft furnace process still dominates gas-based reduction technique, gas-based reduction
Process will use natural gas resource at present, be difficult to be developed in China.Rotary hearth furnace process can be used low intensive containing carbon ball
New vitality is injected to coal-based direct reduction process by group, but its energy consumption is high, production efficiency is low, poor product quality will restrict it
Development.Currently, countries in the world are all carrying out experimental study, using non-blast furnace ironmaking technique arranging as steel and iron industry technological revolution
It applies, new breakthrough is sought in effort.In order to keep up with the paces of World Iron & Steel technology revolution, China is also necessary to reinforce this respect
Research and development.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of completely new green ironmaking technology --- and it is direct to carry out iron ore using electric field
Reducing iron smelting method and device.I.e. using Iron Ore Powder as raw material, with addition of appropriate slag former, it will be used as electrolyte after both this melting,
By applying a DC electric field between the cathode that is placed in the inert anode in electrolyte and is placed in iron carbon melt, it is anti-to carry out electrochemistry
It answers, the iron in ferriferous oxide is restored, and the oxygen in ferriferous oxide then passes through with inert anode generation anode reaction with oxygen
Form is discharged into atmosphere, is a kind of completely new green ironmaking technology.Realize green manufacturing, CO2Zero-emission reaches energy conservation and environmental protection
Purpose, social benefit is huge.
Slag ionic theory shows that molten oxide is a kind of electrolyte with ionic conductivity, it contains anion
Or anion radical (anion radical that such as oxonium ion and conclusion have oxonium ion) and metal cation etc..The reason of molten oxide
It by decomposition voltage value, can be measured by the potential of corresponding primary battery, can also be calculated and be acquired by thermodynamic data.Its principle
Be: the electric energy needed for compound decomposes is numerically equal to its free energy of formation at constant pressure, but symbol is opposite, it may be assumed that
△GT θ=-nFET θ
In formula, ET θTheoretical decomposition voltage under-standard state, V；F-Faraday constant, 96487C/mol；N-reaction
Receiving and losing electrons number in formula；△GT θReaction normal free energy change value under-constant pressure, J/mol.It is computed slag each component solution
Voltage is as shown in table 1.
The various molten oxide decomposition voltages (V) of table 1
By electrochemical principle it is found that melting compound (applying direct current electric field, electricity under conditions of certain electrochemical reaction
Pole) electroreduction reaction can occur, it accordingly, can choose the electric field force suitable for molten iron peroxide breaks down, enable it that electricity occurs
Reduction reaction is solved, sees reaction equation 1.
Fe2++ 2e=Fe(L) (1)
If anode selection is inert material, anode is not involved in cell reaction, obtains O2, and generated in cathode interface
Fe, the reaction equation of electrolytic reduction process are as follows:
2FeO(L)=2Fe(L)+O2(g) (2)
Following reaction can be specifically decomposed into:
2Fe2++ 4e=2Fe(L)(cathode reaction)
2O2-=O2(g)+ 4e (anode reaction)
The present invention is exactly to utilize this principle, applies one surely by being placed in the anode pushed up in slag and being placed between the cathode in iron liquid
To make to melt ferriferous oxide electroreduction reaction occurs for fixed DC electric field, generates iron and oxygen.
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect present in the prior art, a kind of application electric field progress iron ore reduction is provided
Iron smelting method and device.
A kind of application electric field of the present invention carries out iron ore reduction iron smelting method, which is characterized in that using Iron Ore Powder as raw material, with addition of
Appropriate slag former will be used as electrolyte after both this melting, by the inert anode being placed in electrolyte and be placed in iron carbon metal
Apply a DC electric field between cathode in melt, be electrochemically reacted, the iron reduction in electrolyte in ferriferous oxide is gone forward side by side
Enter iron carbon molten metal, and the oxygen in ferriferous oxide then with inert anode occur anode reaction be discharged in the form of oxygen into
Enter atmosphere, is a kind of completely new green ironmaking technology.The technical scheme comprises the following steps for it:
(1) raw material: Iron Ore Powder and slag former are after evenly mixing as electrolyte raw material, Iron Ore Powder and slag former dosage
Mass ratio is controlled 0.3~1；Iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material dosage mass ratio are controlled 1~40.
(2) raw material melts: iron carbon metal being added in the crucible of heating furnace, iron carbon metal is completely melt as iron carbon by heating
Then metallic solution keeps temperature；Then electrolyte raw material is added into the crucible of heating furnace again, keeps electrolyte raw material completely molten
Change, becomes fused electrolyte；The iron carbon melting point metal is 1400~1550 DEG C, described mixed with slag former by Iron Ore Powder and
At electrolyte raw material fusing point be 1280~1350 DEG C, this both fusing point difference may insure while keeping iron carbon metal molten
The electrolyte raw material being added after making can also melt.
(3) extra electric field reduction iron production: according to the thickness control anode lifting of fused electrolyte, guarantee anode and melting electricity
Solution matter contacts and iron carbon molten metal contact of getting along well；Then anode and the yin being placed in iron carbon solution are passed through by external dc power supply
Pole applies a DC electric field；Protective gas will be passed through to fused electrolyte surface also in the process for reducing by applying electric field
The partial pressure of oxygen of fused electrolyte and positive contact region optimizes reacting dynamics condition；The output of the external dc power supply
Voltage U is 0.6~50V, and output electric current I is 50~4000A, and electrolyte and anode reaction interface generate 0.1~5A/cm2's
Current density；Protective gas is inert gas.
A kind of application electric field of the present invention carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device.Include: anode lifting frame, protective gas air cleft
Or protective gas stomata, anode, heating furnace, iron carbon molten metal, cathode, DC power supply, feeder.It is characterized by:
There are iron carbon molten metal and fused electrolyte in heating furnace；Iron carbon molten metal is placed in heating furnace lower layer, and fused electrolyte
It is placed in upper layer；Middle position is provided with anode lifting frame above fused electrolyte, and several parallel verticals are equipped on crane
The end portion of the anode of arrangement, anode is inserted into the fused electrolyte of heating furnace internal upper part, draws positive wire at an upper portion thereof,
It is connected by conducting wire with the anode of DC power supply；Cathode is installed in heating furnace bottom, cathode passes through conducting wire and DC power supply
Cathode is connected；Refractory material periphery above anode is provided with a protective gas air cleft or several stomatas, protective gas
Air cleft or protective gas stomata air inlet are drawn by metal tube to be connected with air supply system；DC power supply and feeder, which are placed on, to be added
Hot stove two sides.
Iron Ore Powder of the present invention is conventional Iron Ore Powder.
Slag former of the present invention is rich in CaO, Al2O3Mixture or compound, CaO+Al2O3 > 85% (quality
Percentage), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=1~2.5, MgO mass percent < 10% in slag former, remaining is
SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；
Iron carbon metal of the present invention is the conventional pig iron or low-alloy steel, and the heating furnace is that inside has crucible appearance
There are the resistance furnace, induction furnace or other normal reheating furnaces of heating equipment in device, outside.
A kind of device carrying out iron ore reduction ironmaking using electric field of the present invention, it is characterised in that: the anode is
Refractory metal ceramics, shape are cylindrical body or plate；The cathode is high purity graphite, refractory metal ceramics, high temperature resistant
Metal, shape are cylinder or plate.
The present invention have following characteristics and the utility model has the advantages that
Iron ore electroreduction is carried out using the present invention and mentions iron, the reduction of ferriferous oxide is carried out under high temperature fused state, is led to
It crosses between being placed in the inert anode in electrolyte and the cathode that is placed in iron carbon melt and applies a DC electric field, it is anti-to carry out electrochemistry
It answers, the iron in ferriferous oxide is restored, and the oxygen in ferriferous oxide then passes through with inert anode generation anode reaction with oxygen
Form is discharged into atmosphere.Compared with other fused reduction iron-smelting technologies and equipment, apparatus of the present invention constitute simple, operation side
Just, it is a kind of completely new green ironmaking technology, CO may be implemented2Zero-emission, achievees the purpose that low-carbon environment-friendly, and social benefit is huge
Greatly.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: iron ore reduction iron-smelting device schematic diagram is carried out using electric field.
Wherein: 1: anode lifting frame；2: feeder；3: protective gas air cleft or several stomatas；4: fusion electrolysis
Matter；5: heating furnace；6 iron carbon molten metals；7: anode；8: DC power supply；9: cathode.
Specific embodiment
Now a specific embodiment of the invention is described below in detail:
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device and includes: anode lifting frame 1, feeder
2,2 protective gas stomatas 3, fused electrolyte 4, heating furnace 5, iron carbon molten metal 6, anode 7, DC power supply 8 and cathode 9.
It is characterized by: having iron carbon molten metal 6 and fused electrolyte 4 in heating furnace 5；Iron carbon molten metal 6 is placed in heating furnace 5
Lower layer, and fused electrolyte 4 is placed in upper layer；Middle position is provided with anode lifting frame 1, crane above fused electrolyte 4
On the anode 7 of several parallel verticals arrangement, the fused electrolyte 4 of end portion insertion 5 internal upper part of heating furnace of anode 7 are installed
In, positive wire is drawn at an upper portion thereof, is connected by conducting wire with the anode of DC power supply 8；Cathode is installed in 5 bottom of heating furnace
9, cathode 9 is connected by conducting wire with the cathode of DC power supply 8；7 top refractory material periphery of anode is provided with 2 protection gas
Body stomata 3,3 air inlet of protective gas stomata is drawn by metal tube and feeder 2 connects；DC power supply 8 is put with feeder 2
It sets in 5 two sides of heating furnace.
The iron carbon metal is the conventional pig iron, and the heating furnace is 500kg intermediate frequency furnace, crucible size Φ
350mm×500mm；The anode is refractory metal ceramics, and shape is cylindrical body, and diameter is Φ 150mm；The cathode
For high purity graphite, shape is cylinder, having a size of Φ 260mm × 100mm；The protective gas that protective gas stomata is blown into is argon
Gas.
The Iron Ore Powder is Carrara Iron Ore Powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is small
Grain lime and bauxite, granule lime and bauxite amount ratio are 1:1, respectively main composition and content as shown in table 2, table 3,
CaO+Al after mixing2O3Reach 88.5% (mass percent ratio), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=1.07, it makes
MgO mass percent is 4.64% in slag agent, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former dosage
Ratio is 0.5；The iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio is 1.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 0.8V, and output electric current I is 60A, and can be in electrolyte and sun
Pole reaction interface generates 0.34A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device as described in preceding embodiment 1, herein no longer
It is tired to state.
The Iron Ore Powder is Newman Iron Ore Powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is granule
Lime and bauxite, granule lime and bauxite amount ratio are 3:2, and respectively main composition and content are mixed as shown in table 2, table 3
CaO+Al after conjunction2O3Reach 89% (mass percent ratio), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=1.6, slag former
Middle MgO mass percent is 4.28%, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former usage ratio
It is 0.7；The iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio is 2.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 5V, and output electric current I is 400A, and can be in electrolyte and sun
Pole reaction interface generates 2.26A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Embodiment 3:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device as described in preceding embodiment 1, difference
It is that the anode is refractory metal ceramics, shape is cylindrical body, and diameter is Φ 240mm；
The Iron Ore Powder is magnetic separation iron ore powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is granule
Lime and bauxite, granule lime and bauxite amount ratio are 2:1, and respectively main composition and content are mixed as shown in table 2, table 3
CaO+Al after conjunction2O3Reach 90% (mass percent ratio), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=2.1, slag former
Middle MgO mass percent is 4.03%, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former usage ratio
It is 0.8；The iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio is 10.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 20V, and output electric current I is 1600A, and can in electrolyte and
Anode reaction interface generates 3.5A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Embodiment 4:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device as described in preceding embodiment 1, difference
It is that the anode is refractory metal ceramics, shape is cylindrical body, and diameter is Φ 320mm；
The Iron Ore Powder is " Yang Di " Iron Ore Powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is small
Grain lime and bauxite, granule lime and bauxite amount ratio are 2:1, respectively main composition and content as shown in table 2, table 3,
CaO+Al after mixing2O3Reach 90% (mass percent ratio), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=2.1, slag making
MgO mass percent is 4.03% in agent, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former amount ratio
Example is 1；The iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio is 20.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 50V, and output electric current I is 4000A, and can in electrolyte and
Anode reaction interface generates 4.9A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Embodiment 5:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device as described in preceding embodiment 1, herein no longer
It is tired to state.
The Iron Ore Powder is Newman Iron Ore Powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is aluminic acid
Calcium (is rich in CaO, Al2O3Compound), it is each it is main composition and content it is as shown in table 4, CaO+Al in this compound2O3Reach
88.5% (mass percent), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=1.1, MgO mass percent is in slag former
8.36%, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former usage ratio is 0.3；The iron carbon
Metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio are 30.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 5V, and output electric current I is 400A, and can be in electrolyte and sun
Pole reaction interface generates 2.26A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Embodiment 6:
Referring to Fig. 1, present invention application electric field carries out iron ore reduction iron-smelting device as described in preceding embodiment 1, herein no longer
It is tired to state.
The Iron Ore Powder is Carrara Iron Ore Powder, and mainly composition and content are as shown in table 1；The slag former is small
Grain lime and calcium aluminate, granule lime and calcium aluminate amount ratio are 1:2, respectively main composition and content as shown in table 2, table 4,
CaO+Al after mixing2O3Reach 89.5% (mass percent ratio), and its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=2.2, it makes
MgO mass percent is 6.5% in slag agent, remaining is SiO2、P2O5, the impurity such as P, S；The Iron Ore Powder and slag former dosage
Ratio is 0.6；The iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material amount ratio is 40.
The output voltage U of the external dc power supply is 1V, and output electric current I is 200A, and can be in electrolyte and sun
Pole reaction interface generates 1.1A/cm2Current density.
Induction fusing heating, extra electric field, top blast argon gas collective effect under, iron in fused electrolyte ferriferous oxide
Reduction, and the oxygen of oxide species is then passed through to react with cermet electrodes and is discharged with oxygen, until iron in fused electrolyte
Oxide content is down to extremely low level.
Iron Ore Powder main component wt, % used in 1 embodiment of table
2 granule lime main chemical compositions % of table
3 bauxite specific chemical composition % of table
4 calcium aluminate main chemical compositions % of table
| CaO | Al2O3 | MgO | SiO2 | P | S | Impurity |
| 46.28 | 42.24 | 8.36 | 2.53 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.52 |
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for carrying out iron ore reduction ironmaking using electric field, which is characterized in that using Iron Ore Powder as raw material, with addition of making in right amount
Slag agent will be used as electrolyte after both this melting, pass through the yin for being placed in the inert anode in electrolyte Yu being placed in iron carbon solution
Interpolar applies a DC electric field, is electrochemically reacted, the iron in electrolyte in ferriferous oxide is restored to and entered iron carbon solution,
And the oxygen in ferriferous oxide is then discharged into atmosphere by the way that anode reaction occurs with inert anode in the form of oxygen, including following
Step:
(1) raw material: Iron Ore Powder and slag former are after evenly mixing as electrolyte raw material, Iron Ore Powder and slag former dosage quality
Ratio is controlled 0.3~1；Iron carbon metal and electrolyte raw material dosage mass ratio are controlled 1~40；
(2) raw material melts: iron carbon metal being added in the crucible of heating furnace, iron carbon metal is completely melt as iron carbon metal by heating
Then solution keeps temperature；Then electrolyte raw material is added into the crucible of heating furnace again, is completely melt electrolyte raw material,
As fused electrolyte；The iron carbon melting point metal is 1400~1550 DEG C, described to be mixed by Iron Ore Powder and slag former
Electrolyte raw material fusing point be 1280~1350 DEG C, this both fusing point difference may insure to make while keeping iron carbon metal molten
The electrolyte raw material being added afterwards can also melt；
(3) extra electric field reduction iron production: according to the thickness control anode lifting of fused electrolyte, guarantee anode and fused electrolyte
It contacts and iron carbon molten metal contact of getting along well；Then the cathode for anode being passed through by external dc power supply and being placed in iron carbon solution,
Apply a DC electric field；Protective gas will be passed through to fused electrolyte surface also in the process for reducing melting by applying electric field
The partial pressure of oxygen of electrolyte and positive contact region optimizes reacting dynamics condition；The output voltage U of the external dc power supply
It is 50~4000A for 0.6~50V, output electric current I, and electrolyte and anode reaction interface generate 0.1~5A/cm2Electric current it is close
Degree；Protective gas is inert gas,
The anode is refractory metal ceramics,
The slag former is rich in CaO, Al2O3Mixture or compound, CaO+Al2O3> 85% mass percent ratio, and
Its mass percent ratio C aO:Al2O3=1~2.5, MgO mass percent < 10% in slag former, remaining is impurity.
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| CN101906646A (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2010-12-08 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing iron metal by molten salt electrolysis of iron ore |
| CN102703929A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-10-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing Ti-Fe alloy by direct reduction of ilmenite |
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