CN105463214A - Method for producing high-nickel iron by adopting low-grade laterite-nickel ores - Google Patents
Method for producing high-nickel iron by adopting low-grade laterite-nickel ores Download PDFInfo
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- CN105463214A CN105463214A CN201510446667.9A CN201510446667A CN105463214A CN 105463214 A CN105463214 A CN 105463214A CN 201510446667 A CN201510446667 A CN 201510446667A CN 105463214 A CN105463214 A CN 105463214A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing high-nickel ion by adopting low-grade laterite-nickel ores. The method comprises the following steps: a pretreatment step: drying and crushing the low-grade laterite-nickel ores to obtain crushed laterite-nickel ores; a primary mixing step: carrying out primary mixing treatment on the crushed laterite-nickel ores, a reducing agent and flux to obtain first mixed materials; a roasting reduction step: carrying out roasting reduction treatment on the first mixed materials in a rotary kiln to obtain roasted sands; a secondary mixing step: carrying out secondary mixing treatment on the roasted sands and fuels to obtain second mixed materials; and a smelting step: smelting the second mixed materials in a side-blowing furnace, thereby obtaining a nickel-iron product and furnace clinker. The method disclosed by the invention can obviously reduce cost of high-nickel iron; the final product obtained by the method is casting pig which meets charging requirements of a nickel-iron component of stainless steel smelting, and is suitable for a smelting raw material of stainless steel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology technical field, relate to a kind of method of smelting high-nickel iron, especially, relate to and a kind ofly adopt low poor grade red soil nickel ore to produce the method for high ferronickel, be specially adapted to the area that electric power is poor.
Background technology
The fast development of the day by day exhausted and domestic stainless steel industry of the nickel sulfide ore along with higher-grade, easily exploitation, the utilization of low poor grade red soil nickel ore receives increasing concern.Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore is mainly divided into wet method smelting process and pyrometallurgical smelting process, but in world wide comparative maturity utilize the processing method of smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore still based on pyrometallurgical smelting.Wherein utilize in pyrometallurgical smelting is RKEF (main technique is rotary kiln baking-electrosmelting) method and blast furnace process more widely.But utilize RKEF method to smelt low-grade laterite nickel ore, current consumption is large, and furnace operation requires high, and production cost is high; Blast furnace process long flow path, yields poorly, and needs to consume secondary energy coke, uneconomical.
Summary of the invention
For the defect of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly adopt low poor grade red soil nickel ore to produce the method for high ferronickel, the method can effectively solve ring formation of rotary kiln problem, electricity can be replaced with coal, the high-temperature flue gas of side-blown converter directly can enter rotary kiln or residual heat steam power generation system, thus save energy, effectively reduce energy consumption, improve the production capacity of ferronickel, reduce costs.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Adopt low poor grade red soil nickel ore to produce a method for high ferronickel, comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment step: by described low poor grade red soil nickel ore through drying treatment, break process, obtain the red soil nickel ore after fragmentation;
Batch mixing step for the first time: the red soil nickel ore after described fragmentation and reductive agent, flux are carried out first time mixing treatment, obtains the first mixture;
Roasting reduction step: described first mixture is carried out roasting reduction process in rotary kiln, obtains roasting sand;
Second time batch mixing step: described roasting sand and fuel are carried out second time mixing treatment, obtains the second mixture;
Melting step: described second mixture is carried out melting process in side-blown converter, obtains ferro-nickel product and slag.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, the nickel content of described low poor grade red soil nickel ore is 1.5 ~ 2.3wt%, TFe content is 14 ~ 25wt%; Preferably, mass ratio≤10 of TFe and Ni.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described first time batch mixing step, in described first mixture, the mass percent of described reductive agent and described red soil nickel ore is 5% ~ 9%, and the mass percent of described flux and described red soil nickel ore is 2% ~ 5%; Described reductive agent is hard coal; Described flux is lime or rhombspar.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described roasting reduction step, in described roasting reduction process, temperature is 1150 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C, and the time is 40-60min; Preferably, the kiln hood drop temperature of described rotary kiln baking is 950-1050 DEG C.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described roasting reduction step, in described roasting reduction process, slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO of described roasting sand
2be 0.40 ~ 0.70.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described second time batch mixing step, in described second mixture, the mass percent of described fuel and described roasting sand is 2% ~ 3%.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, described fuel is nut coke or lump coal or nut coke and lump coal mixture.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described melting step, in described melting process, smelting temperature >=1600 DEG C of described side-blown converter, tapping temperature is 1530-1580 DEG C, and corresponding tapping temperature controls at 1480-1530 DEG C, and described tapping temperature is higher than described tapping temperature more than 40 DEG C; Preferably, described tapping temperature is higher than described tapping temperature 40 DEG C-50 DEG C.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described melting step, in described melting process, supplement described fuel and utilize warm air to blow side and stir; Preferably, in described melting step, in described melting process, the composition of described slag comprises: CaO:3.5-6.5wt%, MgO:18-30wt%, SiO2:45-65wt%, AL2O3:2.5-5.5wt%, TFe:2.5-4.0wt%, Ni≤0.20wt%.
Preferably, produce in the method for high ferronickel at the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of above-mentioned employing, in described first time batch mixing step, by described first mixture pressure ball, obtain the first mixture after pressure ball; In described roasting reduction step, the first mixture after described pressure ball is carried out roasting reduction process in rotary kiln, obtains roasting sand.
The present invention is that the roasting sand after red soil nickel ore is carried out roasting reduction in rotary kiln directly loads in side-blown converter and carries out heating and melting and reduce further, reaches slag sluicing system, produces high ferronickel.The high ferronickel that the present invention produces can load in iron ladle, with traveling crane toward being cast into block, grain or being sent to refining procedure; Smelting process of the present invention obviously can reduce the cost of the high ferronickel of ton; The finished product that the present invention obtains are ingot pig, and what meet stainless steel smelting enters stove ferronickel component requirements, is applicable to stainless raw materials for metallurgy; Nickel content >=10% in the finished product ferronickel that the present invention obtains, rate of recovery TFe >=85% in this smelting technology, Ni >=95%, metal comprehensive recovery >=85%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the technical process simplified schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further details.
The process flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
The main experimental equipment used in following examples of the present invention has: the conventional inclined type rotary rotary kiln of rotary kiln to be specification be Ф 3.6 × 72m, molten bath useful area are the side-blown converter of S=10.5 ㎡.
Adopt low poor grade red soil nickel ore to produce a method for high ferronickel, comprise the steps:
Step one, pre-treatment:
First by low poor grade red soil nickel ore after dry in wet ore deposit sieving approach, drying kiln, dry ore deposit fragmentation, obtain the red soil nickel ore after fragmentation; In red soil nickel ore after this fragmentation, what granularity was less than or equal to 3mm accounts for more than 80% of total amount, and water content is 15-30%, is preferably 20%.
Mass ratio≤10 of the nickel content of this low poor grade red soil nickel ore to be 1.5 ~ 2.3wt%, TFe content be 14 ~ 22wt%, TFe and Ni.
Step 2, for the first time batch mixing:
By the red soil nickel ore after this fragmentation and reductive agent and solvent, the water content of this reductive agent and solvent is 15-30%, is preferably 20%, and in this reductive agent and solvent, and what granularity was less than or equal to 3mm accounts for more than 80% of total amount, obtains the first mixture.
In this step, also again by the first mixture pressure ball, the first mixture after pressure ball can be obtained, for following roasting reduction step, after roasting reduction process, obtains roasting sand.
Pressure ball step is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when pressure ball effectively can alleviate roasting in kiln material ring formation problem and reduce dedusting ash quantity, to increase kiln running body cycle Be very effective, improve output, reduce costs;
Step 3, roasting reduction:
This first mixture is carried out roasting reduction at rotary kiln, obtains roasting sand.
In above-mentioned smelting ferronickel method, the conveniently operation of rotary kiln, needs to control the reduction dosage, maturing temperature, roasting time etc. in calcination rotary kiln.In calcination rotary kiln step, maturing temperature is 1100 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C (such as 1100 DEG C, 1150 DEG C, 1200 DEG C, 1250 DEG C); Roasting time is 40 ~ 60min (such as 42min, 46min, 55min, 58min); The consumption of reductive agent is 5% ~ 9% (such as 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7%, 8%) of red soil nickel ore weight; The consumption of flux is 2% ~ 5% (such as 2.2%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 3.5%, 4.6%, 4.9%) of red soil nickel ore weight; More preferably, the kiln hood drop temperature of calcination rotary kiln is 950-1050 DEG C (such as 950 DEG C, 980 DEG C, 1000 DEG C, 1020 DEG C, 1050 DEG C, 1040 DEG C), and object is in order to stable operation, reduces coal consumption, cost-saving.In order to promote solid state reaction, generate roasting sand (low melting component), the reduction being beneficial to metal is assembled, slag type can be controlled, in calcination rotary kiln magnetizing roasting reduction step, after rotary kiln baking, slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO2 of roasting sand preferably controls between 0.40 ~ 0.70.
In calcination rotary kiln reduction step, reductive agent (carbon) is needed all to participate in reaction, therefore select volatile matter moderate, the reductive agent carbon that fixed carbon is higher, as a kind of preferred implementation, the reductive agent carbon used in calcination rotary kiln roasting process is hard coal, and flux is lime or rhombspar, for controlling slag type.
Step 4, second time batch mixing:
After this roasting sand and fuel mix, obtain the second mixture.
Step 5, melting:
This second mixture is sent into side-blown converter melting, obtains ferro-nickel product and slag.
In second mixture, the mass percent of fuel and roasting sand is 2% ~ 3%; Fuel is nut coke or lump coal or nut coke and lump coal mixture.
Utilize the fuel in the second mixture in fusion process and utilize warm air to blow side and stir.
Smelting temperature >=1600 DEG C (such as 1610 DEG C, 1650 DEG C, 1670 DEG C) of this step, tapping temperature controls at 1490-1560 DEG C, corresponding tapping temperature controls at 1450-1520 DEG C, and tapping temperature is higher than tapping temperature more than 40 DEG C, more preferably, tapping temperature is higher than tapping temperature 40 DEG C-50 DEG C.
The slag composition obtained after side-blown converter melting comprises: CaO:3.5-6.5wt%, MgO:18-30wt%, SiO
2: 45-65wt%, AL
2o
3: 2.5-5.5wt%, TFe (full iron): 3.5-6.0wt%, Ni≤0.20wt%.In slag except comprising mentioned component, also comprise some other inevitable impurity components.
In this step, mainly complete further reduction and the slag sluicing system of roasting sand.
In the invention process process, under blower fan draft effect, mixture particle " flue dust " more tiny in kiln is extracted out, fume amount is about 15% of red soil nickel ore amount, this flue dust is because recycle, calculate so be not counted in proportioning, " flue dust " obtains " flue gas " and is sent to desulfurizer and carries out emission abatement after electric precipitation; " flue gas " that produce in " calcined by rotary kiln " process enters again " drying kiln dry " for the drying of material; Generation " flue gas " in " side-blown converter " enters again in " rotary kiln " for calcining.
Adopt side-blown converter melting step that this metal recovery rate can be made to reach more than 85%, metal recovery rate reaches the comprehensive metal recovery rate referred to, comprise iron and nickel two kinds of metals, only enumerate the rate of recovery account form of ferrous metal herein: the total metal content in the laterite that the ferrous metal rate of recovery=(total metal content in the laterite consumed-(iron metal contents × slag amount in slag)) ÷ consumes.
In calcination rotary kiln roasting reduction step, by controlling the roasting situation in the guarantee rotary kiln such as maturing temperature and reduction dosage, remove all moisture, form roasting sand (low melting component), be conducive to like this shortening the follow-up side-blown converter material time, reduce fuel consumption, increase yield.In calcination rotary kiln, according to the reductibility of oxide compound under equality of temperature, linear position is in lower element, easily by the Reduction of Oxide on its top out, namely its oxide compound is more stable, and that is in melting temperature range, the reduction sequence of oxide compound is nickel, iron, silicon.The oxygen level of ferriferous oxide is changed to lower oxyde step by step by higher oxide, and when temperature is greater than 570 DEG C, its change order is: Fe
2o
3→ Fe
3o
4→ Fe
xo → Fe.Fe in red soil nickel ore
2o
3be reduced to the Fe with certain magnetic
3o
4or FeO, and having small part fe to generate, NiO major part is reduced to the magnetic Ni of tool.
The reaction formula of calcination rotary kiln roasting reduction is as follows:
2C+O
2＝2CO
NiO+C＝Ni+CO↑
NiO+CO＝Ni+CO
2
3Fe
2O
3+CO＝2Fe
3O
4+CO
2
Fe
3O
4+CO＝3FeO+CO
2
FeO+CO=Fe+CO
2(have quite a few ferrous this reaction of generation, remaining ferrous iron instead can give birth to this reaction in side-blown converter)
The principal reaction mechanism occurred in side-blown converter melting is as follows:
C+O
2＝CO
2CO+2O
2＝2CO2
NiO+C＝Ni+CO↑
FeO+CO＝Fe+CO
2
SiO
2+C＝Si+CO
2↑
Embodiment 1
(1) pre-treatment: adopt the low-grade laterite nickel ore of TFe=17.56wt%, Ni=1.84wt% as raw material, sieve, drying, makes that its granularity≤3mm's account for more than 80%, and water ratio is 20%;
(2) first time batch mixing: then red soil nickel ore is mixed with lime and hard coal and obtains the first mixture, wherein by weight, red soil nickel ore: hard coal: lime=100:6.5:2.
(3) roasting reduction: then the first mixture is delivered to calcination rotary kiln and carry out magnetizing roasting reduction, it is 950 DEG C that kiln hood temperature of charge (i.e. drop temperature) controls, the maturing temperature of firing stage is about 1150 DEG C, roasting time is 55min, mixed material enters calcination rotary kiln and controls at about 5h to the total time going out calcination rotary kiln, obtain roasting sand, wherein roasting terminates slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO of rear roasting sand
2mass ratio is 0.61.
(4) second time batch mixing: above-mentioned roasting sand is got 100 parts, with addition of 2.5 parts of nut cokes, obtains the second mixture.
(5) melting: the second mixture hot charging is delivered to side-blown converter melting, blast pneumatic blending molten bath and coal powder injection, in side-blown converter, it is about 1650 DEG C that smelting temperature controls, tapping temperature is 1550 DEG C, and corresponding tapping temperature is 1450 DEG C, and the nickelic ferrous components obtained is as table 1, the slag composition obtained after side-blown converter melting is see table 2, and producing final ferro-nickel product nickel grade is 10.21wt%.
Embodiment 2
(1) pre-treatment: adopt the low-grade laterite nickel ore of TFe=17.56wt%, Ni=1.84wt% as raw material, sieve, drying, makes that its granularity≤3mm's account for more than 80%, and water ratio is 20%.
(2) first time batch mixing: then red soil nickel ore is mixed with lime and hard coal and obtains the first mixture, wherein by weight, red soil nickel ore: hard coal: lime=100:7:3.
(3) roasting reduction: then the first mixture is delivered to calcination rotary kiln and carry out magnetizing roasting reduction, it is 1000 DEG C that kiln hood temperature of charge (i.e. drop temperature) controls, the maturing temperature of firing stage is about 1200 DEG C, roasting time is 45min, mixed material enters calcination rotary kiln and controls at about 5h to the total time going out calcination rotary kiln, obtain roasting sand, wherein roasting terminates slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO2 mass ratio of rear slag is 0.65.
(4) second time batch mixing: above-mentioned roasting sand is got 100 parts, with addition of 3 parts of nut cokes, obtains the second mixture.
(5) melting: the second mixture hot charging is delivered to side-blown converter melting, blast pneumatic blending molten bath and coal powder injection, in side-blown converter, it is about 1650 DEG C that smelting temperature controls, tapping temperature is 1530 DEG C, corresponding tapping temperature 1480 DEG C, and the nickelic ferrous components obtained is as table 1, the slag composition obtained after side-blown converter melting is see table 2, and producing final ferro-nickel product nickel grade is 10.3%.
Embodiment 3
(1) pre-treatment: adopt the low-grade laterite nickel ore of TFe=17.56wt%, Ni=1.84wt% as raw material, sieve, drying, makes that its granularity≤3mm's account for more than 80%, and water ratio is 20%.
(2) first time batch mixing: then red soil nickel ore is mixed with lime and hard coal and obtains the first mixture, wherein by weight, red soil nickel ore: hard coal: lime=100:8:4.
(3) roasting reduction: then the first mixture is delivered to calcination rotary kiln and carry out magnetizing roasting reduction, it is 1050 DEG C that kiln hood temperature of charge (i.e. drop temperature) controls, the maturing temperature of firing stage is about 1250 DEG C, roasting time is 40min, mixed material enters calcination rotary kiln and controls at about 5h to the total time going out calcination rotary kiln, obtain roasting sand, wherein roasting terminates slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO2 mass ratio of rear slag is 0.70.
(4) second time batch mixing: above-mentioned roasting sand is got 100 parts, with addition of 3 parts of nut cokes (or coke, lump coal), obtains the second mixture.
(5) melting: the second mixture hot charging is delivered to side-blown converter melting, blast pneumatic blending molten bath and coal powder injection, in side-blown converter, it is about 1650 DEG C that smelting temperature controls, tapping temperature is 1550 DEG C, corresponding tapping temperature 1500 DEG C, and the nickelic ferrous components obtained is as table 1, the slag composition obtained after side-blown converter melting is see table 2, and producing final ferro-nickel product nickel grade is 10.0%.
The ferro-nickel product composition (wt%) that table 1: embodiment 1-3 obtains
The main component (wt%) of the slag that table 2: embodiment 1-3 obtains
| Embodiment | CaO | MgO | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | TFe | Ni |
| 1 | 6.5 | 27.8 | 59.3 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 0.12 |
| 2 | 5.4 | 26.57 | 52.1 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 0.10 |
| 3 | 2.52 | 32.18 | 55 | 4.96 | 3.5 | 0.13 |
Remarks: the TFe in table 2, divided by outside the form existence of fe, also may exist with form that is ferrous, Z 250.
Comparative example:
Following table 3 give in actual production, adopt the high ferronickel of the production of embodiment 1 coal consumption, power consumption and ton ferronickel cost etc., and contrast with RKEF, direct-reduction, blast furnace smelting method, to illustrate that the method for embodiment 1 can reduce the production cost of ton ferronickel greatly.Wherein, the cost of following material is respectively: red soil nickel ore unit price per ton adds up to 455 yuan, and blue charcoal reductive agent unit price per ton adds up to 970 yuan, and smokeless coal consumption unit price per ton adds up to 683 yuan, and bituminous coal unit price per ton is 776 yuan, and nut coke is 1200 yuan/ton.Power consumption often spends 0.6 yuan.In table 3, unit consumption is a ton ferronickel unit consumption.
Table 3: the different Cost comparisons producing ferronickel method
Remarks: the fuel used in RKEF technique is blue charcoal, and other is hard coal;
Can be obtained by table 3, the cost of ton ferronickel of the present invention is lower, have the advantage reduced costs, and output is high.RKEF process yields is higher, but power consumption cost is high, and ton ferronickel is high; The cost of direct reduction process for rotary kiln is relatively also low, but there is the defect yielded poorly, and rotary kiln for directly reducing product dregginess is many, can not heat send.Blast furnace process yields poorly, and the fuel used mostly is secondary energy, pollutes large, uneconomical.
To sum up, the present invention be have employed rotary kiln baking reduction after the melting of roasting sand direct approaching side blown converter with the Novel smelting technique making slag sluicing system go out high ferronickel.Red soil nickel ore and low poor grade red soil nickel ore carry out roasting reduction in calcination rotary kiln, form roasting sand, directly send into side-blown converter, and add certain fuel (nut coke, coke, lump coal), carry out heating and melting and reduce further, reaching slag sluicing system, producing high ferronickel.The high ferronickel that the present invention produces can load in iron ladle, is cast into block or is sent to refining procedure with traveling crane toward pig-casting machine.Smelting process of the present invention obviously can reduce the cost of the high ferronickel of ton.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can be realized by other the embodiment not departing from its spirit or essential feature.Therefore, above-mentioned disclosed embodiment, with regard to each side, all just illustrates, is not only.Within the scope of the present invention all or be all included in the invention being equal to the change in scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. adopt low poor grade red soil nickel ore to produce a method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Pre-treatment step: by described low poor grade red soil nickel ore through drying treatment, break process, obtain the red soil nickel ore after fragmentation;
Batch mixing step for the first time: the red soil nickel ore after described fragmentation and reductive agent, flux are carried out first time mixing treatment, obtains the first mixture;
Roasting reduction step: described first mixture is carried out roasting reduction process in rotary kiln, obtains roasting sand;
Second time batch mixing step: described roasting sand and fuel are carried out second time mixing treatment, obtains the second mixture;
Melting step: described second mixture is carried out melting process in side-blown converter, obtains ferro-nickel product and slag.
2. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: the nickel content of described low poor grade red soil nickel ore is 1.5 ~ 2.3wt%, TFe content is 14 ~ 25wt%; Preferably, mass ratio≤10 of TFe and Ni.
3. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described first time batch mixing step, in described first mixture, the mass percent of described reductive agent and described red soil nickel ore is 5% ~ 9%, and the mass percent of described flux and described red soil nickel ore is 2% ~ 5%; Described reductive agent is hard coal; Described flux is lime or rhombspar.
4. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described roasting reduction step, and in described roasting reduction process, temperature is 1150 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C, and the time is 40-60min; Preferably, the kiln hood drop temperature of described rotary kiln baking is 950-1050 DEG C.
5. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described roasting reduction step, in described roasting reduction process, and slag type (the MgO+CaO)/SiO of described roasting sand
2be 0.40 ~ 0.70.
6. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described second time batch mixing step, in described second mixture, and the mass percent of described fuel and described roasting sand is 2% ~ 3%.
7. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 6 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: described fuel is nut coke or lump coal or nut coke and lump coal mixture.
8. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described melting step, in described melting process, smelting temperature >=1600 DEG C of described side-blown converter, tapping temperature is 1530-1580 DEG C, corresponding tapping temperature controls at 1480-1530 DEG C, and described tapping temperature is higher than described tapping temperature more than 40 DEG C; Preferably, described tapping temperature is higher than described tapping temperature 40 DEG C-50 DEG C.
9. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 and 2 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described melting step, in described melting process, supplements described fuel and utilizes warm air to blow side and stir; Preferably, in described melting step, in described melting process, the composition of described slag comprises: CaO:3.5-6.5wt%, MgO:18-30wt%, SiO2:45-65wt%, AL2O3:2.5-5.5wt%, TFe:2.5-4.0wt%, Ni≤0.20wt%.
10. the low poor grade red soil nickel ore of employing according to claim 1 produces the method for high ferronickel, it is characterized in that: in described first time batch mixing step, by described first mixture pressure ball, obtain the first mixture after pressure ball; In described roasting reduction step, the first mixture after described pressure ball is carried out roasting reduction process in rotary kiln, obtains roasting sand.
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