CN104451148A - Production technology for smelting ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
Production technology for smelting ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production technology for smelting ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore, belongs to the technical field of ferronickel smelting, and solves problems that existing technologies for smelting the ferronickel from the laterite-nickel ore are low in nickel recovery rate and higher in energy consumption. The production technology comprises steps as follows: (1) drying, crushing, screening and then mixing the laterite-nickel ore, additives and a reducing agent in the mass ratio of 100:(13-25):(10-20) respectively to obtain spheres with the particle size ranging from 30-50 mm; (2) preheating and then sending the spheres into a rotary kiln at the temperature of 1150-1250 DEG C for high-temperature reducing roasting for 4-8 h to obtain reduced roasted ore; (3) sending the reduced roasted ore and a smelting aid into an electric furnace for smelting at the temperature of 1500-1650 DEG C for 2-3 h to obtain a finished product, that is, the ferronickel. According to the production technology, RKEF (rotary kiln-electric furnace) and direct reduction are combined, multiple additives are used, the recovery rate is high, and the energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nickel-iron smelting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore.
Background technology
Divide by geologic origin, nickel ore resource is mainly divided into two large classes: nickel sulfide ore and red soil nickel ore.Domestic nickel ore resource mainly nickel sulfide ore, red soil nickel ore is few.Along with the soaring of nickel valency and Economic development strengthen the demand of metallic nickel, original nickel sulfide ore resource far can not be met the need of market, China starts from a large amount of import red soil nickel ore of the country in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Philippines, by 2010 the end of the year China add up import nickel minerals (red soil nickel ore) 2,500 ten thousand tons, in recent years still with annual more than 20% speed increment.
At present, the treatment process of domestic and international red soil nickel ore mainly contains pyrogenic process and wet method two kinds of smelting technologyes; Wherein pyrometallurgical smelting is short because having flow process, the features such as three wastes discharge amount is few, technical maturity, has become the main technique of smelting laterite-nickel ores.The main technique of China's ferronickel pyrometallurgical smelting has blast furnace technology, eaf process, rotary kiln drying prereduction-electrosmelting (RKEF) technique and rotary kiln for directly reducing ferronickel technique.
Rotary kiln for directly reducing ferronickel technique, also claims large rivers and mountains method, is to be proposed at first by large rivers and mountains smeltery of Japan, is also the method uniquely adopting direct reduction of laterite nickel mine with rotary kiln at present in the world.Large rivers and mountains smeltery of Japan adopts rotary kiln high temperature reduction roasting output granulated iron, through the nickeliferous Rhometal being greater than 20% of magnetic separation, jigging enrichment output for producing stainless steel, is acknowledged as the method for process nickel laterite the most economic at present.The method technical process of large rivers and mountains is raw ore drying, fragmentation, be mixed in proportion briquetting with flux, reductive agent after screening process, nodulizing drying and high temperature reduction roasting, generating nickel iron alloy, alloy and slag mixture, again through process such as shrend, crushing and screening, ore dressings, obtain the granular ferro-nickel product of sponge.The great advantage of this technique is that flow process is short, and energy consumption is low, and production cost is low, and reason is that this process energy consumption only has reducing roasting operation, and rotary kiln baking process can use cheap coal to do fuel, greatly reduces energy consumption.Compared with rotary kiln prereduction-electrosmelting technique, the ton ore deposit energy consumption of large rivers and mountains method reduces by more than 50%.But this technique also Shortcomings, melting is carried out under semi-molten condition, and make working condition very harsh, kiln temperature is restive, very easily forms ring formation in kiln in production process, limits applying of this technique.
Exist many based on rotary kiln for directly reducing production ferronickel method at present, in the process modification that the links of production process carries out, but still there is many deficiencies in practical application, limit the popularization in production practice.This is because the high nickel laterite grade of main flow use is at present between 1.8-2.0%, product grade is between 10-15%, and in producing, the rate of recovery of metallic nickel is most important index.Because in reduction process, material does not melt completely, and reductive agent and the distribution proportion of material in rotary kiln in traveling process are difficult to maintain reasons such as stablizing, the rate of recovery of direct reduction process for rotary kiln nickel element is general all below 92%, nickel content about 0.2% in tailings; Comparatively speaking RKEF technique can reach more than 95%, and when production process controls desirable, tailings can reach less than 0.1%.
In order to solve the above-mentioned defect that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of nickel iron smelting process RKEF and direct-reduction combined.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the nickel recovery in order to solve the existence of existing smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore is low, and the problem that energy consumption is relatively high, and provide a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Use a production technique for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, step is:
(1) be the red soil nickel ore of 100:13-25:10-20 by mass ratio: additive: reductive agent respectively after drying, fragmentation, screening the obtained granularity of mixing be the ball material of 30-50mm;
(2) rotary kiln sending into 1150-1250 DEG C after the preheating of ball material is carried out high temperature reduction roasting 4-8h, obtain reduced calcine;
(3) reduced calcine and melting auxiliary agent are sent into mineral hot furnace, melting 2-3h under 1500-1650 DEG C of condition, get product Rhometal.
Further, described red soil nickel ore be nickel content at 1.5-2.5%, the red soil nickel ore of iron level between 15-30%.
Amount >=80% that red soil nickel ore described in step (1) carries out drying, broken rear moisture content is 10-15%, granularity≤5mm.
Additive described in step (1) is made up of binding agent, slag former, solubility promoter, moisture≤10% after drying, fragmentation, screening, amount >=95 of granularity≤5mm; Wherein said binding agent is wilkinite, addition is the 3-5% of red soil nickel ore quality, and described solubility promoter is lime or Wingdale, and addition is the 5-10% of red soil nickel ore, described solubility promoter is Sodium Fluoride, magnesium fluoride or fluorite, and addition is the 5-10% of red soil nickel ore; Wherein solubility promoter magnesium fluoride, Sodium Fluoride or fluorite, the reduction temperature of iron and nickel in red soil nickel ore reduction process can be reduced, in rotary kiln, roasting generates the materials such as hydrogen fluoride, reduction and the gathering of nickel in reduction mineral can be promoted, the magnesium oxide produced in roasting process is combined with the composition such as ferric oxide, silicon-dioxide, improve the fusing point of Non-metallic components in calcining, reduce the risk of ring formation of rotary kiln.
Reductive agent described in step (1) is ature of coal reductive agent, comprises coal dust, coke, dedusting ash, and the usage quantity that wherein dedusting ash accounts for is no more than 60% of reductive agent total mass; Produce laterite composition in the dedusting ash composition reclaimed and account for 65%, residual coal accounts for 30%, also has a small amount of solid-state fluoride in addition.
First step (2) ball material sends into rotary kiln again after preheater preheats, and preheater inside smoke temperature is about 300-500 DEG C, and ball material warm up time is 1-3h.
Melting auxiliary agent described in step (3) is made up of the coke of arbitrary proportion, lime, fluorite, and addition is the 3-8% of reduced calcine quality.
RKEF and direct-reduction combine by production technique of the present invention, use multiple additives, the not high shortcoming of the direct reduction process for rotary kiln rate of recovery is made up by electric furnace melting, and reached a high level due to the enrichment of rotary kiln for directly reducing link nickel element, compared with RKEF method, follow-up electric furnace melting energy consumption is relatively low.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) by electrosmelting, in ferronickel, the grade of metallic nickel is more than 10%, and when using nickelic high iron ore, Non-metallic components ratio can control below 3%, and in finished product, the harmful substance contents such as sulphur, phosphorus is extremely low, directly can use as the raw material of stainless steel smelting;
(2) due to the use of additive, in rotary kiln, the temperature requirement of roasting obviously reduces, classical rotary kiln for directly reducing roasting granulation iron process (as large rivers and mountains method) needs by material roasting to about 1350 DEG C, and the reduction of temperature makes the risk of ring formation in rotary kiln reduce, and is conducive to long-term production;
(3) compared with existing rotary kiln for directly reducing roasting granulation iron process, while aftertreatment link eliminates the processing steps such as calcining shrend, cooling, fragmentation, ball milling, magnetic separation, improve the rate of recovery of nickel, under the condition using isodose red soil nickel ore raw material, create more value of the product;
(4) compared with classical RKEF method, product current consumption obviously reduces; Invention increases the maturing temperature in rotary kiln, coal amount in the process as heating by ignition increases, but the reduction effect of nickel obviously promotes, the calcining obtained after rotary kiln for directly reducing link is sent into the levigate magnetic separation inspection in laboratory, in nonmagnetic tailings, nickel content can be controlled in less than 0.15%, illustrate that the metallic element such as nickel, iron has reached good extent of polymerization in this link, metallics has with nonmetallic substance and is significantly separated, and therefore electrosmelting link only need consume a small amount of electric energy.
In sum, RKEF and direct-reduction combine by the inventive method, use multiple additives, make up the not high shortcoming of the direct reduction process for rotary kiln rate of recovery, and follow-up electric furnace melting energy consumption are relatively low by electric furnace melting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of production technique of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Use a production technique for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, step is:
(1) as the red soil nickel ore of raw material nickeliferous 1.76%, iron 21.7%, levigate to 99%≤5mm, dry to moisture 12%;
With red soil nickel ore weight for benchmark, additive adds wilkinite 3%, Wingdale 6%, fluorite 6%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 8%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 96%;
Reductive agent is the coke of red soil nickel ore weight 10%, and coke composition is fixed carbon 80.6%, volatile matter 13.5%, ash content 5.9%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 10%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 96%;
Use is colded pressing ball press, makes the ball material that diameter is 30-50mm;
(2) preheating 2 hours in the preheater that temperature is 300-400 DEG C, enters the rotary kiln baking 6 hours of 1150-1200 DEG C, obtains reduced calcine;
(3) coke of reduced calcine and reduced calcine quality 1%, the lime of 1%, the fluorite of 1% are sent into mineral hot furnace, melting 2.5h under 1500-1580 DEG C of condition, get product Rhometal.
Preparation flow as shown in Figure 1.
To record in Rhometal nickeliferous 11.59%, iron content 84.37%, nickel metal recovery rate is 95.71%, slag nickeliferous 0.13%.
Embodiment 2
Use a production technique for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, step is:
(1) as the red soil nickel ore of raw material nickeliferous 2.5%, iron 27%, levigate to 95%≤5mm, dry to moisture 10%;
With red soil nickel ore weight for benchmark, additive adds wilkinite 4%, lime 5%, Sodium Fluoride 10%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 10%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 95%;
Reductive agent is red soil nickel ore weight 15%, wherein the coke of 60%, the dedusting ash of 40%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 8%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 97%;
Use is colded pressing ball press, makes the ball material that diameter is 30-50mm;
(2) preheating 1 hour in the preheater that temperature is 420-500 DEG C, enters the rotary kiln baking 4 hours of 1190-1250 DEG C, obtains reduced calcine;
(3) coke of reduced calcine and reduced calcine quality 1%, the lime of 2%, the fluorite of 3% are sent into mineral hot furnace, melting 2h under 1600-1650 DEG C of condition, get product Rhometal.
To record in Rhometal nickeliferous 11.62%, iron content 84.36%, nickel metal recovery rate is 96.71%, slag nickeliferous 0.09%.
Embodiment 3
Use a production technique for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, step is:
(1) as the red soil nickel ore of raw material nickeliferous 1.97%, iron 16.8%, levigate to 96%≤5mm, dry to moisture 15%;
With red soil nickel ore weight for benchmark, additive adds wilkinite 5%, Wingdale 10%, magnesium fluoride 5%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 9%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 98%;
Reductive agent is 20% of red soil nickel ore weight, and wherein coal dust accounts for 40%, dedusting ash accounts for 60%, and after drying fragmentation, moisture is 8%, and granularity≤5mm accounts for 95%;
Use is colded pressing ball press, makes the ball material that diameter is 30-50mm;
(2) preheating 3 hours in the preheater that temperature is 380-450 DEG C, enters the rotary kiln baking 8 hours of 1150-1200 DEG C, obtains reduced calcine;
(3) coke of reduced calcine and reduced calcine quality 3%, the lime of 2%, the fluorite of 3% are sent into mineral hot furnace, melting 3h under 1560-1610 DEG C of condition, get product Rhometal.
Gained Rhometal nickeliferous 12.37%, iron content 86.25%, nickel metal recovery rate is 96.44%, slag nickeliferous 0.08%.
Claims (7)
1. use a production technique for smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, it is characterized in that, step is:
(1) be the red soil nickel ore of 100:13-25:10-20 by mass ratio: additive: reductive agent respectively after drying, fragmentation, screening the obtained granularity of mixing be the ball material of 30-50mm;
(2) rotary kiln sending into 1150-1250 DEG C after the preheating of ball material is carried out high temperature reduction roasting 4-8h, obtain reduced calcine;
(3) reduced calcine and melting auxiliary agent are sent into mineral hot furnace, melting 2-3h under 1500-1650 DEG C of condition, get product Rhometal.
2. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described red soil nickel ore be nickel content at 1.5-2.5%, the red soil nickel ore of iron level between 15-30%.
3. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, amount >=80% that the red soil nickel ore described in step (1) carries out drying, broken rear moisture content is 10-15%, granularity≤5mm.
4. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, additive described in step (1) is made up of binding agent, slag former, solubility promoter, moisture≤10% after drying, fragmentation, screening, amount >=95 of granularity≤5mm; Wherein said binding agent is wilkinite, addition is the 3-5% of red soil nickel ore quality, and described solubility promoter is lime or Wingdale, and addition is the 5-10% of red soil nickel ore, described solubility promoter is Sodium Fluoride, magnesium fluoride or fluorite, and addition is the 5-10% of red soil nickel ore.
5. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, reductive agent described in step (1) is ature of coal reductive agent, comprises coal dust, coke, dedusting ash, and the usage quantity that wherein dedusting ash accounts for is no more than 60% of reductive agent total mass.
6. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, first step (2) ball material sends into rotary kiln again after preheater preheats, and preheater inside smoke temperature is about 300-500 DEG C, and ball material warm up time is 1-3h.
7. a kind of production technique using smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the melting auxiliary agent described in step (3) is made up of the coke of arbitrary proportion, lime, fluorite, and addition is the 3-8% of reduced calcine quality.
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| CN105154687A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-16 | 攀枝花学院 | Method for comprehensively recycling cobalt, nickel, copper and iron resources from sulfur and cobalt concentrate |
| CN105463214A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2016-04-06 | 潘料庭 | Method for producing high-nickel iron by adopting low-grade laterite-nickel ores |
| CN105586498A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-05-18 | 李宾 | Method for producing ferronickel through efficient step forking type rotary reduction furnace in direct reduction manner |
| CN105695850A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Utilization method of nickel-contained iron ore |
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| CN105154687B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-14 | 攀枝花学院 | A kind of method of synthetical recovery wherein cobalt ambrose alloy iron resource in cobalt concentrate from sulphur |
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| CN105586498B (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-26 | 李宾 | The method of efficient step fork fraction rotary reduction furnace direct-reduction production ferronickel |
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| CN107937731A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-20 | 偏关县晋电化工有限责任公司 | A kind of lateritic nickel ore preprocess method and device |
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| CN109046375A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-21 | 芜湖格丰环保科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of catalyst based on lateritic nickel ore waste residue, preparation method and its application in COD degradation |
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