CN106800458A - A kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106800458A CN106800458A CN201710017696.2A CN201710017696A CN106800458A CN 106800458 A CN106800458 A CN 106800458A CN 201710017696 A CN201710017696 A CN 201710017696A CN 106800458 A CN106800458 A CN 106800458A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to successive planting resistant agent, more particularly to a kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent and preparation method thereof.The watermelon successive planting resistant agent, is prepared from by the raw material comprising following percentage by weight：The 12wt% of Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 8, the wt% of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 8 12, the 3wt% of soyabean oligosaccharides 2, the fulvic acid chelated wt% of calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent 50 60, the 12wt% of wheat bran 6, the 15wt% of maize flour 10.The rational proportion of raw material can effectively improve the sprouting and field planting of beneficial bacterium spore, the addition of beneficial microbe bacterium can effectively prevent and treat the generation of watermelon blight, significantly reduce the incidence of disease, by soyabean oligosaccharides and the physiological regulatory action of fulvic acid, the immune response of watermelon can be stimulated, defense mechanism, trace element in supplement calcium iron zinc-copper is activated, promote vine growth and development, improve resistance.The watermelon successive planting resistant agent can significantly improve the yield of watermelon, improve quality of watermelon, and easy to use, safety and environmental protection has no toxic side effect.
Description
（One）Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of successive planting resistant agent, more particularly to a kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent and preparation method thereof.
（Two）Background technology
Watermelon belongs to Curcurbitaceae Citrullus watermelon seed, is annual herb plant.Watermelon succulence taste is sweet, containing multiple nutritional components,
Can quench one's thirst and relieve summer heat, be one of fruit that people like.Due to planting habit and Regional Distribution, growth of watermelon is often present
The phenomenon of continuous cropping plantation.Continuous cropping is also named continuous cropping, refers to continuously to plant same crop on one piece of field.Continuous cropping crop it is universal into
Motility rate is low, undergrowth, root activity are low, resistance is poor, fibrous root is few, disease is heavy, result is small, yield poorly, poor quality, breeding time
It is short.Watermelon is the crop for relatively avoiding continuous cropping, and continuous cropping production underproduction amplitude is general all more than 20%, and person high reaches 50% or even total crop failure.
The main cause one of the continuous cropping watermelon underproduction is that disease is aggravated, and droop is the important disease of watermelon continuous cropping, is also west
The main cause of the melon continuous cropping underproduction.Withered germ of water-melon is mainly invaded by root wound or root hair apical cell gap, is first existed
Host's tube wall iuntercellular and Intracellular growth, subsequently into vascular bundle, develop in conduit, germ secretion pectase and cellulose
Enzyme, decomposes destruction cell, accumulation pectic substance in conduit, obstruction conduit is influenceed Water Transportation, is caused plant to be wilted.
Reason two be watermelon in growth and development process, root system constantly secretes various phenol acid substances and causes autointoxication, phenol
Acid influences the respiration of watermelon, weakens absorbability of the watermelon to oxygen, and influence watermelon photosynthesis, reduces leaf
Chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate, so as to cause weak watermelon growing way, retarded growth, yield poorly, poor quality.
Reason three is that continuous cropping plantation will certainly cause the nutrients such as Nitrogen In Soils, phosphorus, potassium, calcium excessive or lack, soil
Middle nutrients ratio imbalance, makes growing for watermelon be affected, and yield declines, quality variation.
Reason four is that, with the increase of continuous cropping Planting Years, the fungi substantial increase of soil and rhizosphere makes bacteria type
Soil is converted to fungi type soil, soil productivity exhaustion, is caused using plant for the saprophytic bacteria and pathogen of nutrition increase, because
This often makes the increase of watermelon disease.
Reason five is that continuous cropping reduces the various hydrolytic enzyme activities in soil, the decomposition of various nutrition and micro- in influence soil
Biological activity, causes plant nutrition not enough, depauperation.
The current anti-continuous crop technology of watermelon mainly has grafting cultivation, soil treatment, medicament disinfecting and applies microbial bacteria
The technologies such as agent, but these methods still suffer from some defects and deficiency at present.
Grafting cultivation technology is mainly and uses with pumpkin, cucurbit etc. for stock carries out grafting, can significantly be dropped by grafting
The incidence of disease of low watermelon blight, mitigates the Auto toxicity of root exudates so that watermelon is big, yield is high, but lacking of existing
Point is to produce certain influence after Grafting watermelon to quality, and such as outward appearance is unsmooth, flesh is hard, poor taste, pol are low, not only takes
When take a lot of work, while the generation of watermelon root-knot disease can be brought, and if be also not fee from same stock grafting throughout the year
The generation of Auto toxicity.
Soil treatment and medicament disinfecting mainly process the technologies such as soil, pouring root, seed disinfection by the vexed canopy of high temperature, bactericide
Pathogen is killed in measure, has certain effect to preventing and treating droop and other soil-borne diseases, can reduce the hair of watermelon blight
Sick rate, improves yield, but the method easily causes residues of pesticides, so as to pollute environment, edaphon environment is destroyed, to product
Quality safety threaten.
Biological pesticide or bio-feritlizer are made using the big multiplex bacillus of microbial bacterial agent method, Trichoderma, using spraying,
The technical measures such as seed dressing, pouring root, fertilising are processed soil, seed, plant, can effectively prevent and treat watermelon blight, are eliminated
Itself secretion poison, promote plant root growth, improve yield, but microbial bacterial agent when field uses due to by soil
The influence of the factors such as nutritional condition, temperature, humidity and edaphon and generally existing soil application antibiosis strain colonization ability is poor, raw
Speed long is slow, can not quickly form dominant population, the problems such as prevention effect is unstable.
In sum, it is either grafting cultivation, or chemical control, micro- in the anti-continuous crop technology of existing watermelon
Bacteria agent is administered and all there is certain shortcoming and defect, therefore a kind of easy to use, ecological, environmental protective of research, nontoxic secondary work
With, watermelon nutrition can be effectively provided, improve watermelon physiological situation, watermelon damage of successive crop can be effectively prevented and treated again, yield is improved, change
The successive planting resistant agent of kind quality is the New Measure of watermelon continuous crop.
（Three）The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of ecological, environmental protective, can effectively provide watermelon nutrition, improves
Watermelon physiological situation, can effectively prevent and treat watermelon damage of successive crop again, improve watermelon successive planting resistant agent of yield and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent, it is characterised in that be prepared from by the raw material comprising following percentage by weight：Trichoderma viride
Agent 8-12 wt%, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 8-12 wt %, soyabean oligosaccharides 2-3 wt %, fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper are combined
Agent 50-60 wt %, wheat bran 6-12 wt %, maize flour 10-15 wt %.
The fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent is by potassium fulvate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, zinc sulfate
Chelating dewatered drying is formed.
The preparation method of the fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent is that 10-15 grams of calcium chloride is added into 200 grams of water
In, 100-120 grams of potassium fulvate is added after dissolving, it is stirred continuously, the chelatropic reaction 4-6h under the conditions of 40-60 DEG C, then successively
Addition 8-12 grams of ferrous sulfate, 4-6 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.4 grams of copper sulphate, the chelatropic reaction 4-6h under the conditions of 40-60 DEG C, most
Concentration drying afterwards obtains finished product.
The main component of the soyabean oligosaccharides is stachyose, raffinose and sucrose.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon successive planting resistant agent, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Raw material mixed powder is broken：First raw material is mixed and is sufficiently mixed uniformly by mixer, then crushed；
（2）Granulation, drying：The raw material that will be crushed sends into pelletizing disks with conveyer belt, is made granular material, then dries；
（3）Screening, packaging：Obtained material is sieved, then packaging and storage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：（1）Bacterium work is controlled by raw material Green Trichoderma and the antibacterial of bacillus subtilis
With, the generation of watermelon blight can be effectively prevented and treated, the incidence of disease is significantly reduced, field efficacy reaches 86.4%-91.2%, and can be rapid
The phenolic acid class noxious material of degraded root system secretion, degradation rate is up to 96.5%；（2）By the life of soyabean oligosaccharides and fulvic acid
Reason adjustment effect, can stimulate the immune response of watermelon, activate defense mechanism, plant strain growth be adjusted, while beneficial bacterium can be promoted
Growth, suppress pathogen growth, improve disease resistance；（3）Granulated by adding wheat bran and maize flour nutriment, can be green
Color Trichoderma, bacillus subtilis provide a good nutrient environment, are similar to culture medium small one by one, are conducive to sprouting for strain
Hair and it is colonized, field planting rate in field is up to 95%；（4）By fulvic acid chelated effect, soil fixing can be prevented, promote calcium iron zinc-copper
Absorption, improve plant recovery of nutrient, regulate and control watermelon growing, make watermelon robust plant, well developed root system, lateral root number increases by 26.3%；
（5）Improve the yield of watermelon, obvious effect of increasing production, rate of growth reach 24.7%-32.6%, pol improve 2-4 degree, improve watermelon mouthfeel and
Local flavor；（6）The watermelon successive planting resistant agent is easy to use, and time and labour saving, safety and environmental protection has no toxic side effect.
（Four）Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment one
The raw materials used characteristic of 1 watermelon successive planting resistant agent
Beneficial microbe bacterium selected by 1.1 is Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum and bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum.
1.1.2 the characteristic of Trichoderma：Trichoderma Eumycota, is widely present in the soil under the conditions of varying environment.Greatly
Most Trichodermas can produce various bioactivators to plant pathogenic fungi, bacterium and insect with antagonism, and energy
The resistance of crops is improved, is promoted plant growth and is improved agricultural output, therefore be widely used in biological control, bio-fertilizer
Material and soil conditioner.Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum is bought in Jining of Shandong Province Yu Yuan bio tech ltd, and lot number 20150416 has
Effect viable count >=2 × 109 cfu/g。
1.1.3 the characteristic of bacillus subtilis：Bacillus subtilis, is one kind of bacillus, bacterium colony rough surface
It is opaque, it is dirty white or slightly yellow, when being grown in liquid medium within, wrinkle mould is commonly formed.It is widely distributed in soil and corruption
In organic matter, easily bred in withered grass leaching juice, the gemma resistance to oxidation produced by bacillus subtilis, anti-extrusion, high temperature resistant is acidproof
Alkali, can long-term resistance to 60 DEG C of high temperature.Bacillus subtilis is by secreting subtilin, polymyxins, nystatin, gramicidins etc.
Anti-microbial type material, suppresses and kills pathogen；Root system and plant strain growth are promoted by secreting hormone class material, strengthens crop disease-resistant
Property.Bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum is bought in Jining of Shandong Province Yu Yuan bio tech ltd, lot number 20150418, and living bacteria count >=
1×1010cfu/g。
1.2 organic amendments are fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent, by potassium fulvate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, sulphur
Sour copper, zinc sulfate chelating dewatered drying are formed.Fulvic acid molecular weight is small, and sequestering power is strong, and flocculation resistance is good, in soda acid and neutrality
Under the conditions of can dissolve, with plant growth is promoted, reduce rising effect, watermelon anti-adversity ability can be improved.Calcium iron zinc-copper is
Middle trace element needed for watermelon growing, can adjust nutrient balance, promote watermelon growing.
1.2.1 the preparation of fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent：During 12 grams of calcium chloride are added into 200 grams of water, after dissolving
Add 100 grams of potassium fulvates, be stirred continuously, the chelatropic reaction 5h under the conditions of 48 DEG C, then sequentially add 8 grams of ferrous sulfate, 4 grams
Zinc sulfate, 0.4 gram of copper sulphate, the chelatropic reaction 5h under the conditions of 48 DEG C finally concentrate drying and obtain finished product.
1.3 soyabean oligosaccharides are the general names of soluble saccharic in soybean, and main component is stachyose, raffinose and sucrose,
With the clean intestines of defaecation, promote the healthcare functions such as Bifidobacterium propagation in enteron aisle, reduce serum cholesterol and protection liver, for agriculture
Industry can effectively induce crop to produce defense reaction, activation crop adaptive immune reaction, so as to help crop to resist the prestige of disease
The side of body, and beneficial bacterium growing multiplication can be remarkably promoted, suppress the growth of pathogen.
The production technology of 2 watermelon successive planting resistant agents
2.1 raw material proportionings：Various raw materials are by weight ratio Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 12%, the % of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 9, soybean are low
The % of glycan 3, the fulvic acid chelated % of calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent 55, the wt % of wheat bran 6, the % of maize flour 15.
2.2 raw material mixed powders are broken：First raw material is mixed and is sufficiently mixed uniformly by mixer, then crushed, after making crushing
Material fineness reach it is claimed below：The raw material of 100-60 mesh accounts for 40%, and the raw material of 60 mesh -1.00mm accounts for 35%, diameter 1.00-
The little particle of 2.00mm accounts for 25%.Material fineness is higher, and viscosity is better, and the particle surface finish after granulation is higher.
2.3 granulations, drying：The raw material that will be crushed sends into pelletizing disks with conveyer belt, is made granular material, then dries
It is dry.
2.4 screenings, packaging：Obtained material is sieved, then packaging and storage.
Embodiment two
2.1 raw material proportionings：Various raw materials are by weight ratio Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 11%, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 12%, soybean is low
The % of glycan 2, fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent 50%, the wt % of wheat bran 12, the % of maize flour 13.
2.2 raw material mixed powders are broken：First raw material is mixed and is sufficiently mixed uniformly by mixer, then crushed, after making crushing
Material fineness reach it is claimed below：The raw material of 100-60 mesh accounts for 35%, and the raw material of 60 mesh -1.00mm accounts for 35%, diameter 1.00-
The little particle of 2.00mm accounts for 30%.Material fineness is higher, and viscosity is better, and the particle surface finish after granulation is higher.
2.3 granulations, drying：The raw material that will be crushed sends into pelletizing disks with conveyer belt, is made granular material, then dries
It is dry.
2.4 screenings, packaging：Obtained material is sieved, then packaging and storage.
Remaining is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three
2.1 raw material proportionings：Various raw materials are Trichoderma viride microbial inoculum 8%, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 10%, soy oligosaccharides by weight ratio
3 % of sugar, fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent 60%, the wt % of wheat bran 9, the % of maize flour 10.
2.2 raw material mixed powders are broken：First raw material is mixed and is sufficiently mixed uniformly by mixer, then crushed, after making crushing
Material fineness reach it is claimed below：The raw material of 100-60 mesh accounts for 35-40%, and the raw material of 60 mesh -1.00mm accounts for 35%, diameter
The little particle of 1.00-2.00mm accounts for 25-30%.Material fineness is higher, and viscosity is better, and the particle surface finish after granulation is just
It is higher.
2.3 granulations, drying：The raw material that will be crushed sends into pelletizing disks with conveyer belt, is made granular material, then dries
It is dry.
2.4 screenings, packaging：Obtained material is sieved, then packaging and storage.
Remaining is identical with embodiment one.
Example IV
1.2.1 the preparation of fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent：By in 15 grams of calcium chloride 200 grams of water of addition, added after dissolving
120 grams of potassium fulvates, are stirred continuously, the chelatropic reaction 4h under the conditions of 60 DEG C, then sequentially add 12 grams of ferrous sulfate, 6 grams of sulphur
Sour zinc, 0.2 gram of copper sulphate, the chelatropic reaction 4h under the conditions of 60 DEG C finally concentrate drying and obtain finished product.
Embodiment five
1.2.1 the preparation of fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent：By in 10 grams of calcium chloride 200 grams of water of addition, added after dissolving
113 grams of potassium fulvates, are stirred continuously, the chelatropic reaction 6h under the conditions of 40 DEG C, then sequentially add 10 grams of ferrous sulfate, 5 grams of sulphur
Sour zinc, 0.3 gram of copper sulphate, the chelatropic reaction 6h under the conditions of 40 DEG C finally concentrate drying and obtain finished product.
The mechanism of action of watermelon successive planting resistant agent of the present invention
1 beneficial microbe bacterium is prevented and treated pathogen and to the facilitation of plant growth：（1）Trichoderma viride and bacillus subtilis
Bacterium passes through nutrition and space site Competitive assays growth of pathogenic bacteria；（2）By secreting the anti-microbial types such as antibiotic, enzyme, protide
Material, suppresses and kills pathogen；（3）Pathogen is directly killed by hyperparasite and bacteriolysis；（4）By inducing lignin
Formation, the precipitation of protective plant protecting agent, the vigor of defensive ferment etc. crop is improved resistance；（5）Promoted by secreting some hormonal substances
Enter root system and plant strain growth, strengthen crop resistance.
2 induction crops produce defense reaction, activate immune response：Soyabean oligosaccharides main component is stachyose, raffinose
And sucrose, wherein stachyose and raffinose with function affect can effectively induce crop to produce defense reaction, activation
Crop adaptive immune reacts, so as to help crop to resist the threat of disease, can also promote plant growth, regulation callus
Formed, and beneficial bacterium growing multiplication can be remarkably promoted, suppress the growth of pathogen.
3 improve watermelon anti-adversity ability：Fulvic acid is a kind of micromolecular compound, and activity is high, and sequestering power is strong, flocculation resistance
It is good, can be dissolved under soda acid and neutrallty condition, with promote plant growth especially can suitable control crop blade face stomata open
Degree of putting, reduces transpiration, and drought resisting cold-resistant is played an important role, and can improve watermelon anti-adversity ability.
Trace element in 4 supplements, promotes watermelon growing：Fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper good water solubility, is difficult to be consolidated by soil
It is fixed, easily absorb, plant recovery of nutrient is high.Calcium is the important element for constituting cell membrane, can stable biomembrane structure, adjusting film oozes
Permeability, improves watermelon resistance.Iron is many enzymes and protein component, influences the formation of chlorophyll.Zinc is the composition of many enzymes, ginseng
Synthesize with auxin.Copper is the composition of various oxidizing ferment, participates in protein and glycometabolism.
Embodiment described above, simply several, the those skilled in the art of the present invention more preferably specific embodiment
The usual variations and alternatives that member is carried out in the range of technical solution of the present invention all should be comprising within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of watermelon successive planting resistant agent, it is characterised in that be prepared from by the raw material comprising following percentage by weight：Trichoderma viride
Microbial inoculum 8-12 wt%, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 8-12 wt %, soyabean oligosaccharides 2-3 wt %, fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper are answered
Mixture 50-60 wt %, wheat bran 6-12 wt %, maize flour 10-15 wt %.
2. watermelon successive planting resistant agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper complexing agent
Formed by potassium fulvate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, zinc sulfate chelating dewatered drying.
3. watermelon successive planting resistant agent according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：The fulvic acid chelated calcium iron zinc-copper is answered
The preparation method of mixture is, by 10-15 grams of calcium chloride 200 grams of water of addition, 100-120 grams of potassium fulvate to be added after dissolving, no
Disconnected stirring, the chelatropic reaction 4-6h under the conditions of 40-60 DEG C, then sequentially add 8-12 grams of ferrous sulfate, 4-6 grams of zinc sulfate,
0.2-0.4 grams of copper sulphate, the chelatropic reaction 4-6h under the conditions of 40-60 DEG C finally concentrates drying and obtains finished product.
4. watermelon successive planting resistant agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The main component of the soyabean oligosaccharides is water
Threose, raffinose and sucrose.
5. the preparation method of the watermelon successive planting resistant agent described in claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Raw material mixed powder is broken：First raw material is mixed and is sufficiently mixed uniformly by mixer, then crushed；
（2）Granulation, drying：The raw material that will be crushed sends into pelletizing disks with conveyer belt, is made granular material, then dries；
（3）Screening, packaging：Obtained material is sieved, then packaging and storage.
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