CN106750142A - 一种体型交联含d‑a键的聚氨酯3d打印材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种体型交联含d‑a键的聚氨酯3d打印材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106750142A
CN106750142A CN201710032790.5A CN201710032790A CN106750142A CN 106750142 A CN106750142 A CN 106750142A CN 201710032790 A CN201710032790 A CN 201710032790A CN 106750142 A CN106750142 A CN 106750142A
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陈作珍
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种体型交联含D‑A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料及其制备方法,其特点是组分原料及配比(摩尔份数)为:含马来酰亚胺的多元醇80‑160份、二异氰酸酯80‑120份、端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物1‑20份、树枝状聚合物0.1‑5份。聚氨酯材料的分子结构中含有动态化学键Diels‑Alder键,本发明制造的聚氨酯3D打印材料打印过程流畅、无异味,制品表面光洁,尺寸稳定,不易收缩。

Description

一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯3D打印材料领域,具体涉及一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
可用于3D打印的聚合物材料主要有丙烯睛-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)和聚乳酸(PLA)。聚氨酯弹性体是一种新型的有机高分子合成材料,其耐磨性优异、耐臭氧性极好、硬度大、强度高、弹性好、耐低温,有良好的耐油、耐化学药品和耐环境性能,而且无毒无味,因此其市场和应用领域不断扩大,发展迅速。蓝碧健在专利201410425030.7中公开了一种可用于3D打印的聚氨酯材料。四川大学在专利201510298936.1公开了一种用于3D打印的聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法和用途。上海材料研究所在专利201510278792.3公开了一种用于FDM3D打印的热塑性聚氨酯改性复合材料及其制备方法。淄博正大节能新材料有限公司在专利201410803193.4公开了一种3D打印用聚氨酯材料。上海恒安聚氨酯股份有限公司在专利201510979494.7公开了一种3D打印热塑性聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
但将聚氨酯用于3D打印的专利报道并不多,究其原因是因为聚氨酯在熔融时粘度较大导致了流动性差、打印出水不易不稳定,还有一个原因是聚氨酯的弹性好导致3D打印材料的成型时难以断线结束。由于D-A键具有热可逆的功能,因此利用D-A反应的特点在聚氨酯分子结构中构建D-A键可以有效地克服聚氨酯在熔融时粘度较大导致了流动性差、打印出水不易不稳定等缺点。四川大学曾在专利201510299301.3公开了用于3D打印、含动态键的聚氨酯材料及其制备方法和用途,其组成按摩尔份数为:二异氰酸酯100份、聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇50~75份、含Diels-Alder键的二元醇扩链剂50~125份、二异氰酸酯三聚体交联剂0~50份、含配体的二元醇扩链剂50~100份、金属盐交联剂0~50份,制备的聚氨酯材料具有自修复和自粘合的功能。该专利的主要特征是使用含Diels-Alder键的二元醇作为扩链剂或使用含配体的二元醇作为扩链剂,形成了一种主链含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料,但该专利的含Diels-Alder键的聚氨酯材料是线性结构,相比较于体型结构的聚氨酯,其材料的力学性能是逊色不少的。高分子材料的性能是其内部结构和分子运动的具体反映,高分子材料的结构特征对高分子材料的性能有很大的影响。同样,聚氨酯分子结构中D-A键的种类、数量、位置、结构特点对3D打印用的聚氨酯材料性能也具有很大的影响,检索大量的专利文献及公开发表的研究论文,尚未发现利用含马来酰亚胺的多元醇、以呋喃基封端的三异氰酸酯组合物为交联剂来构建含D-A键的体型交联的3D打印用的聚氨酯材料的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对目前热塑性聚氨酯3D打印材料存在的缺陷而提供一种侧链含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料及其制备方法,其特点是该聚氨酯材料具有环境相应的Diels-Alder动态键,在3D打印过程中,当温度上升到临界温度时,Diels-Alder动态键断裂解交联,体系粘度迅速降低,有利于挤出打印;当温度降低时,Diels-Alder动态键重新形成,使体系交联,增强了制品的力学性能。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料,采用以下组分及原料比例,其中所述原料份数除特殊说明外,均为摩尔份数。
组分原料及配比:
其中含马来酰亚胺的多元醇的摩尔份数/二异氰酸酯的摩尔份数≥1.05。
一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称取含马来酰亚胺的多元醇80-160份、二异氰酸酯80-120份、端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物1-20份、树枝状聚合物0.1-5份,分别放置于30-150℃条件下熔融脱水2-4h后;同时加入双螺杆反应挤出机中进行反应,经水下切粒得到聚氨酯颗粒,将所得聚氨酯颗粒置于60-200℃烘箱中烘干、熟化4-72h,得到所需的聚氨酯3D打印材料;控制螺杆挤出机各段温度分别为:90-120℃,120-140℃,140-150℃,150-160℃,160-180℃,90-120℃。
所述异氰酸酯是二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的一种或多种的组合;
所述含马来酰亚胺多元醇的组成(摩尔份数)及制备方法为:把有机二元羧酸100份、二元醇50-100份、N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)马来酰亚胺10-50份、阻聚剂甲基氢醌0-1份加入反应器中熔融,通入氮气,在170-230℃下反应0.5-2h,得到含马来酰亚胺多元醇。其中羟基的摩尔份数/羧基的摩尔份数≥1.05
所述端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物的组成(摩尔份数)及制备方法为:在N2保护和机械搅拌条件下,将硫代磷酸三苯基异氰酸酯100份和有机溶剂100-200份充分混合,0-50℃下加入300-310份的糠醇,30分钟内加完,反应2小时后在室温下继续反应0.5-1h,而后蒸去有机溶剂即得端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物。所述的有机溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、无水乙醚、石油醚、甲苯、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲基亚砜、二氧六环或正己烷中的一种或几种组合。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、在3D打印过程中,温度上升到临界温度以上时Diels-Alder动态键发生断裂,体系粘度降低,有利于3D打印过程;
2、Diels-Alder动态键在温度低于临界温度时发生重组,使材料体系发生交联,提高了制品的力学性能;
3、加入树枝状聚合物改善加工流动性,使打印过程流畅、无异味,制品表面光洁,尺寸稳定,不易收缩。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要再此指出的是本实施例只用于对本发明进行的进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术人员可以根据上述发明的内容作出一些非本质的改进和调整。未经特殊说明以下份数均为摩尔份数。
实施例1:
(一)含马来酰亚胺多元醇的制备:
把己二酸100份、1,2-丙二醇68份、N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)马来酰亚胺35份、阻聚剂甲基氢醌0.3份加入反应器中熔融,通入氮气,在170-1800℃下反应1.5h,得到含马来酰亚胺多元醇。
(二)端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物的制备:
在N2保护和机械搅拌条件下,将硫代磷酸三苯基异氰酸酯100份和乙酸乙酯100份充分混合,0-50℃下加入305份的糠醇,30分钟内加完,反应2小时后在室温下继续反应0.5-1h,而后蒸去乙酸乙酯即得端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物。
(三)体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备
称取含马来酰亚胺的多元醇130份、甲苯二异氰酸酯125份、端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯20份、树枝状聚合物5份,分别放置于120℃条件下熔融脱水2-4h后;同时加入双螺杆反应挤出机中进行反应,经水下切粒得到聚氨酯颗粒,将所得聚氨酯颗粒置于80℃烘箱中烘干、熟化40h,得到所需的体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料;控制螺杆挤出机各段温度分别为:90-120℃,120-140℃,140-150℃,150-160℃,160-180℃,90-120℃。经测试,打印材料的力学性能为:拉伸强度77Mpa、弯曲强度75Mpa、弯曲模量3100Mpa、断裂伸长率26%。
实施例2:
(一)含马来酰亚胺多元醇的制备:
把己二酸100份、1,2-丙二醇80份、N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)马来酰亚胺25份、阻聚剂甲基氢醌0.5份加入反应器中熔融,通入氮气,在220-230℃下反应0.5h,得到含马来酰亚胺多元醇。
(二)端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物的制备:
在N2保护和机械搅拌条件下,将硫代磷酸三苯基异氰酸酯100份和氯仿100份充分混合,0-50℃下加入302份的糠醇,30分钟内加完,反应2小时后在室温下继续反应0.5-1h,而后蒸去氯仿即得端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物。
(三)体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备
称取含马来酰亚胺的多元醇130份、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯120份、端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物10份、树枝状聚合物3份,分别放置于120-150℃条件下熔融脱水3h后;同时加入双螺杆反应挤出机中进行反应,经水下切粒得到聚氨酯颗粒,将所得聚氨酯颗粒置于60-200℃烘箱中烘干、熟化24h,得到所需的体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料;控制螺杆挤出机各段温度分别为:90-120℃,120-140℃,140-150℃,150-160℃,160-180℃,90-120℃。经测试,打印材料的力学性能为:拉伸强度86Mpa、弯曲强度92Mpa、弯曲模量3400Mpa、断裂伸长率23%。

Claims (5)

1.一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料,其特征在于,采用以下组分及原料比例,其中所述原料份数除特殊说明外,均为摩尔份数;
组分原料及配比:
其中含马来酰亚胺的多元醇的摩尔份数/二异氰酸酯的摩尔份数≥1.05。
2.一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
称取含马来酰亚胺的多元醇80-160份、二异氰酸酯80-120份、端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物1-20份、树枝状聚合物0.1-5份,分别放置于30-150℃条件下熔融脱水2-4h后;同时加入双螺杆反应挤出机中进行反应,经水下切粒得到聚氨酯颗粒,将所得聚氨酯颗粒置于60-200℃烘箱中烘干、熟化4-72h,得到所需的体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料;控制螺杆挤出机各段温度分别为:90-120℃,120-140℃,140-150℃,150-160℃,160-180℃,90-120℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备方法,其特征是所述异氰酸酯是二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异弗尔酮二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、对苯二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的一种或多种的组合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备方法,其特征是所述含马来酰亚胺多元醇的组成(摩尔份数)及制备方法为:把有机二元羧酸100份、二元醇50-100份、N-(2,3-二羟基丙基)马来酰亚胺10-50份、阻聚剂甲基氢醌0-1份加入反应器中熔融,通入氮气,在170~230℃下反应0.5-2h,得到含马来酰亚胺多元醇;其中羟基的摩尔份数/羧基的摩尔份数≥1.05。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种体型交联含D-A键的聚氨酯3D打印材料的制备方法,其特征是所述端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物的组成(摩尔份数)及制备方法为:在N2保护和机械搅拌条件下,将硫代磷酸三苯基异氰酸酯100份和有机溶剂100-200份充分混合,0-50℃下加入300-310份的糠醇,30分钟内加完,反应2小时后在室温下继续反应0.5-1h,而后蒸去有机溶剂即得两端基含有呋喃基团的三异氰酸酯组合物。所述的有机溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、无水乙醚、石油醚、甲苯、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲基亚砜、二氧六环或正己烷中的一种或几种组合。
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