CN106747069A - 一种防爆板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防爆板,其特征在于,包括气凝胶纤维水泥板和钢板,所述钢板上有若干个通孔,所述通孔一侧设有翻边,所述翻边嵌在气凝胶纤维水泥板中;所述气凝胶纤维水泥板由以下重量份的原料制备而成:水泥80‑100、硅粉15‑20、碳酸钙10‑15、木纤维5‑10、聚丙烯纤维2‑3、气凝胶粉末2‑8、甲基纤维素水溶液0.5‑1、硫酸钠1‑3以及水200‑300。将所述原料混匀后压制成型制得防爆板。本发明所述防爆板不仅能防火防爆,极大地吸收及缓冲爆炸带来的冲击力,而且体积小不易碎裂,制作过程简单,防爆板各层之间粘结性好,不会脱落。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,具体涉及一种防爆板及其制备方法。
背景技术
建筑物的防爆一直是人们关注的一个重要功能,尤其是现在,建筑越来越高,越来越密集,爆炸带来的影响也越来越大,如何能够有效的将爆炸的破坏程度控制在一个范围中,将其破坏后果最小化,是问题的关键。现有的解决措施通常是修筑厚重的防火墙,该防火墙通常是由砖墙或钢筋混凝土墙组成,该防火墙能在一定范围内阻止火焰的迅速蔓延,但如果有爆炸发生时,该防火墙防爆能力差,而且会因不能承受爆炸时产生的冲击波而碎裂。不仅如此,砖制或钢筋混凝土防火墙还具有占地面积大、建筑成本高等缺点。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种防爆板及其制备方法,所述防爆板不仅能防火防爆,极大地吸收及缓冲爆炸带来的冲击力,而且体积小不易碎裂,制作过程简单,防爆板各层之间粘结性好,不会脱落。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种防爆板,其特征在于,包括气凝胶纤维水泥板和钢板,所述钢板上有若干个通孔,所述通孔一侧设有翻边,所述翻边嵌在气凝胶纤维水泥板中;
所述气凝胶纤维水泥板由以下重量份的原料制备而成:水泥80-100、硅粉15-20、碳酸钙10-15、木纤维5-10、聚丙烯纤维2-3、气凝胶粉末2-8、甲基纤维素水溶液0.5-1、硫酸钠1-3以及水200-300。
所述气凝胶纤维水泥板由以下重量份的原料制备而成:水泥90、硅粉18、碳酸钙12、木纤维8、聚丙烯纤维2.5、气凝胶粉末5、甲基纤维素水溶液0.8、硫酸钠2以及水250。
所述气凝胶粉末为二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。
所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥。
所述甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1-2%。
所述钢板的厚度为1.0-3.0mm,所述钢板为镀锌钢板,所述通孔直径为0.5-1.0mm,所述通孔间距离为10-20mm。
一种制备防爆板的方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将80-100重量份的水泥、15-20重量份的硅粉、10-15重量份的碳酸钙、5-10重量份的木纤维、2-3重量份的聚丙烯纤维、2-8重量份的气凝胶粉末、0.5-1重量份的甲基纤维素水溶液、1-3重量份的硫酸钠以及200-300重量份的水搅拌混匀为气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料;
2)将所述钢板置于模具底部,所述翻边朝上,再将所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料注入到所述模具中压制成型;
3)待所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料凝固后,即得到气凝胶纤维水泥板与钢板复合的防爆板。
本发明的有益效果:本发明所述的防爆板含有气凝胶纤维水泥板,气凝胶纤维水泥板的原料中包括有气凝胶粉末和纤维成分,体积较传统防火砖轻便,在保证水泥板防火的同时,能增强水泥板的抗冲击波能力及防断裂能力,极大地吸收爆炸带来的冲击波,同时还具有很好的隔热作用,防止爆炸后火灾对被墙体的影响;带有通孔的钢板与气凝胶纤维水泥板紧密相贴,钢板通孔的翻遍直接嵌入到水泥板中,粘结性好,不易脱落,不额外使用胶黏剂,带通孔的钢板作为防爆的第一道保护,阻挡分散冲击波,钢板受冲击后不易撕裂,同时防止气凝胶纤维水泥板直接接受爆炸带来的外力时,水泥板受力不均,局部受力布局过大形成坑洞,脱落粉块等带来的危险。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明局部结构示意图。
如图:气凝胶纤维水泥板1;钢板2;通孔3;翻边4。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种一种防爆板及其制备方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。
气凝胶是一种非常多孔材料,在已知的固体中其孔隙率最高。本发明所述的气凝胶粉末为具有代表性的二氧化硅气凝胶,所述气凝胶粉末具有多孔结构,气凝胶粉末的内部空间大部分是空的,使气凝胶粉末表现出一些引人注意的特性,例如,超级隔热、轻质、吸声性、介电常数低及类似性能。气凝胶粉末最大的优点是超级隔热,与传统的发泡材料及其类似物相比,气凝胶显示出小于0.030W/m·K的较低导热率。据报道,二氧化硅气凝胶的导热率比许多技术参考资料中的产物的导热率要小,气凝胶的超级隔热起因于极少量(重量百分比为2~5%)的固体(二氧化硅)及具有介观尺寸的孔的多孔结构构造对导热率的影响,介观尺寸的孔可防止空气对流热传递。因为空气中的气体分子的平均自由行程是65nm,但气凝胶的平均孔隙大小是比平均自由行程要小的介观尺寸,因此防止了气体分子的热传递。
气凝胶内部存在大量孔隙,在冲击波作用下材料首先被压缩致密。一旦多孔材料被完全致密,冲击波在其中的传播行为与相应密实材料基本相同。这时气凝胶胶体粒子高速碰撞,胶体粒子之间的碰撞力增大,也导致气凝胶结构破坏。孔壁受到的横向张应力升高和胶体粒子之间高速碰撞共同作用,导致气凝胶在动态压缩过程中出现“粉碎”的现象。气凝胶吸收和消耗爆炸冲击波能量可由以下原因来解释:由于气凝胶中的孔洞为纳米级别,所以气凝胶的渗透率极低。在爆炸高速冲击过程中,气凝胶中的气体在瞬间难以逸出,气体分子之间以及气体分子与孔壁之间发生剧烈的碰撞。在高速压缩过程中,空气分子与孔壁之间的碰撞要比空气分子之间的高速碰撞更加剧烈。气体与孔壁碰撞引起的流动阻力以及气孔中空气分子之间的碰撞阻力会导致气孔内压力的增大,纳米级孔洞中的空气在瞬间难以逸出,导致气孔内压力增大以及能量消耗。
因此气凝胶材料内部空隙的坍塌可以极大地吸收冲击波,包含有气凝胶粉末的纤维水泥板在接受爆炸带来的冲击波时,内部细小的气凝胶粉末内部空隙坍塌吸收能量,而纤维水泥板因本身材质内部的空隙及所含纤维带来的韧性,保证气凝胶纤维水泥板吸收冲击力后不变形,断裂,起到极好的防爆作用。
本发明实施例中的气凝胶粉末来源于深圳中凝科技有限公司,其他原来来自广州市拓滢化工科技有限公司。
实施例1
一种防爆板,由800g水泥、150g的硅粉、100g的碳酸钙、50g的木纤维、20g的聚丙烯纤维、20g的气凝胶粉末、5g的甲基纤维素水溶液、10g的硫酸钠以及2000g的水制备而成,其中甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1%。
一种制备防爆板的方法
1)将800g水泥、150g的硅粉、100g的碳酸钙、50g的木纤维、20g的聚丙烯纤维、20g的气凝胶粉末、5g的甲基纤维素水溶液、10g的硫酸钠以及2000g的水搅拌混匀为气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料;甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1%;
2)将厚度为1㎜的钢板2置于模具底部,模具内腔尺寸为400*250*20㎜,钢板2为镀锌钢板,通孔3直径为0.5㎜,通孔3之间的间距为10㎜,所述通孔3的翻边4朝上,再将所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料注入到所述模具中压制成型;
3)待所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料凝固后,即得到气凝胶纤维水泥板与钢板复合的防爆板。
实施例1制得的防爆板的尺寸为400*250*10㎜,钢板2的通孔3的翻边4嵌于气凝胶纤维水泥板内,防爆板的承压能力为800KPa。
实施例2
一种防爆板,由900g的水泥、180g的硅粉、120g的碳酸钙、8g的木纤维、25g的聚丙烯纤维、50g的气凝胶粉末、8g的甲基纤维素水溶液、20g的硫酸钠以及2500g的水制备而成,其中甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1.5%。
一种制备防爆板的方法
1)将900g的水泥、180g的硅粉、120g的碳酸钙、8g的木纤维、25g的聚丙烯纤维、50g的气凝胶粉末、8g的甲基纤维素水溶液、20g的硫酸钠以及2500g的水搅拌混匀为气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料;甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1.5%;
2)将2㎜的钢板2置于模具底部,模具内腔尺寸为400*250*20㎜,通孔3直径为0.8㎜,通孔3之间的距离为15㎜,所述通孔3的翻边4朝上,再将所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料注入到所述模具中压制成型;
3)待所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料凝固后,即得到气凝胶纤维水泥板与钢板复合的防爆板。
实施例2制得的防爆板的尺寸为400*250*12㎜,钢板2的通孔3的翻边4嵌于气凝胶纤维水泥板内,防爆板的承压能力为1050KPa。
实施例3
一种防爆板,由1000g的水泥、200g的硅粉、150g的碳酸钙、100g的木纤维、30g的聚丙烯纤维、80g的气凝胶粉末、10g的甲基纤维素水溶液、30g的硫酸钠以及3000的水制备而成,其中甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为2%。
一种制备防爆板的方法
1)将1000g的水泥、200g的硅粉、150g的碳酸钙、100g的木纤维、30g的聚丙烯纤维、80g的气凝胶粉末、10g的甲基纤维素水溶液、30g的硫酸钠以及3000的水搅拌混匀为气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料;甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为2%;
2)将3㎜的钢板2置于模具底部,模具内腔尺寸为400*250*20㎜,通孔3直径为1.0㎜,通孔3之间的距离为20㎜,所述通孔3的翻边4朝上,再将所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料注入到所述模具中压制成型;
3)待所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料凝固后,即得到气凝胶纤维水泥板与钢板复合的防爆板。
实施例3制得的防爆板的尺寸为400*250*15㎜,钢板2的通孔3的翻边4嵌于气凝胶纤维水泥板内,防爆板的承压能力为1300KPa。
综上所述,本发明提供一种防爆板及其制备方法,所述防爆板能有效抵挡和吸收冲击波,防爆板可置于建筑物墙体部位,将气凝胶纤维水泥板一侧与墙体通过粘黏等方式固定,钢板面位于外侧,防爆板防爆能力强,制作方法简单,复合层之间粘结紧密不脱落。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种防爆板,其特征在于,包括气凝胶纤维水泥板(1)和钢板(2),所述钢板(2)上有若干个通孔(3),所述通孔一侧设有翻边(4),所述翻边(4)嵌在气凝胶纤维水泥板(1)中;
所述气凝胶纤维水泥板(1)由以下重量份的原料制备而成:水泥80-100、硅粉15-20、碳酸钙10-15、木纤维5-10、聚丙烯纤维2-3、气凝胶粉末2-8、甲基纤维素水溶液0.5-1、硫酸钠1-3以及水200-300。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种防爆板,其特征在于,所述气凝胶纤维水泥板(1)由以下重量份的原料制备而成:水泥90、硅粉18、碳酸钙12、木纤维8、聚丙烯纤维2.5、气凝胶粉末5、甲基纤维素水溶液0.8、硫酸钠2以及水250。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种防爆板,其特征在于,所述气凝胶粉末为二氧化硅气凝胶粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种防爆板,其特征在于,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种防爆板,其特征在于,所述甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为1-2%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种防爆板,其特征在于,所述钢板的厚度为1.0-3.0mm,所述钢板为镀锌钢板,所述通孔直径为0.5-1.0mm,所述通孔间距离为10-20mm。
7.一种制备权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述防爆板的方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将80-100重量份的水泥、15-20重量份的硅粉、10-15重量份的碳酸钙、5-10重量份的木纤维、2-3重量份的聚丙烯纤维、2-8重量份的气凝胶粉末、0.5-1重量份的甲基纤维素水溶液、1-3重量份的硫酸钠以及200-300重量份的水搅拌混匀为气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料;
2)将所述钢板(2)置于模具底部,所述翻边(4)朝上,再将所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料注入到所述模具中压制成型;
3)待所述气凝胶纤维水泥板浆料凝固后,即得到气凝胶纤维水泥板与钢板复合的防爆板。
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