CN106718275B - Porous ecological concrete plant-growing base material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Porous ecological concrete plant-growing base material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106718275B CN106718275B CN201611121512.9A CN201611121512A CN106718275B CN 106718275 B CN106718275 B CN 106718275B CN 201611121512 A CN201611121512 A CN 201611121512A CN 106718275 B CN106718275 B CN 106718275B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a porous ecological concrete plant growth base material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the plant growth base material is mainly prepared from soil chemical sludge, a water-retaining agent, a fertilizer-retaining material, an organic fertilizer, an agricultural microbial inoculum and a ph regulator, and the mass ratio of the plant growth base material is as follows: and (3) soil silt: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: an agricultural microbial inoculum: and (2) the soil ph regulator is (700-800): (1.4-4): (35-120): (35-80): (8-12): (7-8). Compared with the prior art, the porous ecological concrete plant-growing substrate provided by the invention utilizes the soil-chemical sludge to replace natural soil, so that the aim of changing waste into valuable is fulfilled. The agricultural microbial inoculum is added into the plant growth base material, so that the breeding of pathogenic bacteria can be effectively inhibited, the phosphorus and potassium are dissolved, the nitrogen is fixed, the plant growth is promoted, and the environment is protected. The soil ph regulator can neutralize the alkalinity in the concrete, so that plants can obtain the optimal growth environmental conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a porous ecological concrete vegetation base material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete vegetation base materials.
Background
The porous ecological concrete is a special functional building material with a porous structure, which is piled up by coarse aggregate with a layer of cement paste coated on the surface, and a large number of continuous pores exist in the porous ecological concrete and the porous ecological concrete has the characteristic of low alkali. By utilizing the self-macroporous and porous structure of the material, substances such as water, gas, heat, fertilizer and the like required by the growth of plants can be smoothly circulated, so that the plants can normally grow in the pores of the materials. The plant root system penetrates through the concrete matrix and goes deep into the soil layer, so that nutrients in the soil of the lower layer can be absorbed continuously, and the stability of the side slope can be protected by utilizing the mechanical characteristics of shallow root reinforcement and deep root anchoring of the plant root system. The ecological porous concrete material is filled in the pores of the porous concrete, is a carrier for plant roots to grow and provides nutrients and water for plant growth. The plant growth base material is generally composed of various soil particles, a water-absorbing polymer water-retaining material, a slow-release fertilizer and the like. The plant growth substrate is not only a carrier matrix for plant seed germination, but also can directly provide nutrients in the early growth stage of plants, and can be used as a barrier to reduce the stress of a strong alkali environment in concrete on plant root systems. Therefore, the component matching proportion and the filling effect of the suitable substrate in the plant-growing concrete are often related to the success or failure of the porous ecological concrete.
The selection of the plant growth substrate must consider the special structural characteristics of the porous vegetation concrete, not only the pavement on the surface of the porous concrete is required, but also the material is filled in the pores, which determines that the plant material must be easy to fill, and has certain water retention and water absorption capacity and strong fertilizer slow release capacity. At present, natural soil is often used for preparing a plant growth substrate in the prior art, but the adhesion is low, the filling property for porous ecological concrete is poor, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a porous ecological concrete plant growth substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a porous ecological concrete plant growth substrate which is mainly prepared from soil chemical sludge, a water-retaining agent, a fertilizer-retaining material, an organic fertilizer, an agricultural microbial inoculum and a pH regulator, wherein the mass ratio of the porous ecological concrete plant growth substrate is as follows: and (3) soil silt: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: an agricultural microbial inoculum: (iii) a pH adjuster of (700 to 800): (1.4-4): (35-120): (35-80): (8-12): (7-8).
Preferably, the soil-chemical sludge is mainly prepared from sludge, lime, fly ash and bentonite, and the mass ratio of the sludge to the fly ash is (500-600): (50-90): (50-90): (15-24).
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is one or a mixture of more of sodium polyacrylate and super absorbent resin.
Preferably, the fertilizer retention material is one or a mixture of more of perlite and vermiculite powder.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is one or a mixture of more of earthworm excrement, cooked chicken excrement, straws or various fruit peels.
Preferably, the agricultural microbial inoculum is one or a mixture of more of bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast.
Preferably, the pH regulator is one or a mixture of more of acetic acid residue, aluminum sulfate, humus and plant ash.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the porous ecological concrete plant growth base material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out soil treatment on the sludge by using lime, fly ash and bentonite, adding the bentonite into the sludge, stirring uniformly, naturally placing for 2-3 hours, adding the lime and the fly ash, stirring uniformly, and naturally air-drying for 20-40 hours to obtain the soil-treated sludge;
(2) diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by 1 (150-500) times of tap water, and storing for 24 hours;
(3) and uniformly stirring the soil chemical sludge, the water-retaining agent, the organic fertilizer, the fertilizer-retaining material, the agricultural microbial inoculum and the pH regulator.
The invention finally provides an application of the porous ecological concrete vegetation base material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the plant growth substrate into a container, pouring water accounting for 30-40% of the total mass of the plant growth substrate, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled;
(2) paving 2-3 cm of the soil sludge on the filled ecological concrete, sowing perennial grass seeds with fast germination and developed root systems, then coating a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining; the soil silt is mainly prepared from silt, lime, fly ash and bentonite, and the mass ratio of the silt to the fly ash is (500-600): (50-90): (50-90): (15-24).
The agricultural microbial inoculum strain can be rapidly propagated, can dissolve phosphorus and fix nitrogen, can improve soil, recover land capability, prevent diseases, maintain rhizosphere microflora balance and degrade toxic and harmful substances, and creates a good root system environment for plant growth. Because the porous concrete is made of alkaline materials, the pH regulator can play a role in relieving acid-base balance of the vegetation base material. The sludge is subjected to the soil chemical treatment, and the advantages of high organic matter and high nutrient of the sludge are utilized, so that the environmental effect of waste utilization is achieved. And the sludge has better adhesiveness than natural soil, is easy to fill porous ecological concrete and plant plants.
The technical effects are as follows: compared with the prior art, the porous ecological concrete plant-growing substrate provided by the invention utilizes the soil-chemical sludge to replace natural soil, so that the aim of changing waste into valuable is fulfilled. The agricultural microbial inoculum is added into the plant growth base material, so that the breeding of pathogenic bacteria can be effectively inhibited, the phosphorus and potassium are dissolved, the nitrogen is fixed, the plant growth is promoted, and the environment is protected. The soil pH regulator can neutralize the alkalinity in the concrete, so that plants can obtain a good growth environment condition.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
Selecting raw materials:
the water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate; the fertilizer maintaining material is perlite; the organic fertilizer is earthworm excrement; the agricultural microbial inoculum is bacillus megaterium; the pH regulator is acetic acid residue.
Preparation and application:
according to the design thickness of the porous concrete, selecting and manufacturing ecological concrete with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the particle size of aggregate is 20-30 mm, common Portland cement is adopted for 42.5R, the water cement ratio is 0.28, and the maintenance is carried out for about 15 days. Carrying out soil treatment on the sludge, wherein the components in mass ratio are as follows: sludge: lime: fly ash: and (2) 500 of bentonite: 60: 70: and 20, naturally drying to prepare the plant growth base material. Diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by tap water of 1:150 times, storing and standing for 24 hours; then according to the soil-chemical sludge: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: and (3) agricultural bacteria: pH adjuster 700: 2: 40: 50: 11:8, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a container, pouring water accounting for 30% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled; spreading the soil sludge about 2-3 cm on the filled ecological concrete, sowing tall fescue seeds, spreading a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining. The seeds begin to germinate after being watered and maintained for 7 days, the germination rate is 75 percent, and the growth vigor is good. After 60 days, the root system penetrates through the porous ecological concrete, which shows that the ecological substrate can effectively provide nutrients required by plants, and can change waste into valuable and control the environment.
Example 2
Selecting raw materials:
the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin; the fertilizer retention material is vermiculite powder; the organic fertilizer is cooked chicken manure; the agricultural microbial inoculum is bacillus licheniformis; the pH regulator is aluminum sulfate.
Preparation and application:
according to the design thickness of the porous concrete, selecting and manufacturing ecological concrete with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the particle size of aggregate is 20-30 mm, common Portland cement is adopted for 42.5R, the water cement ratio is 0.28, and the maintenance is carried out for about 15 days. Carrying out soil treatment on the sludge, wherein the components in mass ratio are as follows: sludge: lime: fly ash: 550 parts of bentonite: 50: 70: and 22, naturally drying to prepare the plant growth base material. Diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by tap water of 1:500 times, storing and standing for 24 hours; then according to the soil-chemical sludge: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: and (3) agricultural bacteria: pH adjuster 700: 4: 60: 40: 12:8, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a container, pouring water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled; spreading the soil sludge about 2-3 cm on the filled ecological concrete, sowing tall fescue seeds, spreading a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining. The seeds begin to germinate after being watered and maintained for 7 days, the germination rate is 78 percent, and the growth vigor is good. After 60 days, the root system penetrates through the porous ecological concrete, which shows that the plant growth substrate can effectively provide nutrients required by plants, and the plant growth substrate can change waste into valuable and control the environment.
Example 3
Selecting raw materials:
the water retention agent is a mixture of sodium polyacrylate and super absorbent resin; the fertilizer retention material is a mixture of perlite and vermiculite powder; the organic fertilizer is a mixture of earthworm excrement, cooked chicken excrement, straws or various peels; the agricultural microbial inoculum is saccharomycetes; the pH regulator is a mixture of acetic acid residue humus and plant ash.
Preparation and application:
according to the design thickness of the porous concrete, selecting and manufacturing ecological concrete with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the particle size of aggregate is 20-30 mm, common Portland cement is adopted for 42.5R, the water cement ratio is 0.28, and the maintenance is carried out for about 15 days. Carrying out soil treatment on the sludge, wherein the components in mass ratio are as follows: sludge: lime: fly ash: 600 parts of bentonite: 55: 70: and 18, naturally drying to prepare the plant growth base material. Diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by tap water in a ratio of 1:320, and storing and standing for 24 hours; then according to the soil-chemical sludge: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: and (3) agricultural bacteria: pH adjuster 750: 4: 60: 70: 10:7, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a container, pouring water accounting for 35% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled; spreading the soil sludge about 2-3 cm on the filled ecological concrete, sowing tall fescue seeds, spreading a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining. The seeds begin to germinate after being watered and maintained for 7 days, the germination rate is 80 percent, and the growth vigor is good. After 60 days, the root system penetrates through the porous ecological concrete, which shows that the plant growth substrate can effectively provide nutrients required by plants, and the plant growth substrate can change waste into valuable and control the environment.
Example 4
Selecting raw materials:
the water-retaining agent is sodium polyacrylate; the fertilizer retention material is vermiculite powder; the organic fertilizer is prepared from straws; the agricultural microbial inoculum is lactobacillus; the pH regulator is humus.
Preparation and application:
according to the design thickness of the porous concrete, selecting and manufacturing ecological concrete with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the particle size of aggregate is 20-30 mm, common Portland cement is adopted for 42.5R, the water cement ratio is 0.28, and the maintenance is carried out for about 15 days. Carrying out soil treatment on the sludge, wherein the components in mass ratio are as follows: sludge: lime: fly ash: and (2) 500 of bentonite: 90: 90: and 24, naturally drying to prepare the plant growth base material. Diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by tap water of 1:250 times, storing and standing for 24 hours; then according to the soil-chemical sludge: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: and (3) agricultural bacteria: pH adjuster 800: 1.4: 35: 35: 8:7, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a container, pouring water accounting for 32% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled; spreading the soil sludge about 2-3 cm on the filled ecological concrete, sowing tall fescue seeds, spreading a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining. The seeds begin to germinate after being watered and maintained for 7 days, the germination rate is 82 percent, and the growth vigor is good. After 60 days, the root system penetrates through the porous ecological concrete, which shows that the plant growth substrate can effectively provide nutrients required by plants, and the plant growth substrate can change waste into valuable and control the environment.
Example 5
Selecting raw materials:
the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin; the fertilizer maintaining material is perlite; the organic fertilizer is prepared from various fruit peels; the agricultural microbial inoculum is photosynthetic bacteria; the pH regulator is plant ash.
Preparation and application:
according to the design thickness of the porous concrete, selecting and manufacturing ecological concrete with the thickness of 100mm, wherein the particle size of aggregate is 20-30 mm, common Portland cement is adopted for 42.5R, the water cement ratio is 0.28, and the maintenance is carried out for about 15 days. Carrying out soil treatment on the sludge, wherein the components in mass ratio are as follows: sludge: lime: fly ash: 600 parts of bentonite: 50: 50: and 15, naturally drying to prepare the plant growth base material. Diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by tap water of 1:400 times, storing and standing for 24 hours; then according to the soil-chemical sludge: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: and (3) agricultural bacteria: pH adjuster 700: 4: 120: 80: 12:8, uniformly stirring, putting the mixture into a container, pouring water accounting for 38% of the mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled; spreading the soil sludge about 2-3 cm on the filled ecological concrete, sowing tall fescue seeds, spreading a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining. The seeds begin to germinate after being watered and maintained for 7 days, the germination rate is 79 percent, and the growth vigor is good. After 60 days, the root system penetrates through the porous ecological concrete, which shows that the plant growth substrate can effectively provide nutrients required by plants, and the plant growth substrate can change waste into valuable and control the environment.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments and description are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention, and that various changes, modifications and variations may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The porous ecological concrete plant growth substrate is characterized by being mainly prepared from soil chemical sludge, a water-retaining agent, a fertilizer-retaining material, an organic fertilizer, an agricultural microbial inoculum and a pH regulator, and the mass ratio of the porous ecological concrete plant growth substrate is as follows: and (3) soil silt: water-retaining agent: organic fertilizer: fertilizer retention materials: an agricultural microbial inoculum: (iii) a pH adjuster of (700-800): (1.4-4): (35-120): (35-80): (8-12): (7-8); the soil silt is mainly prepared from silt, lime, fly ash and bentonite, and the mass ratio of the silt to the fly ash is (500-600): (50-90): (50-90): (15-24), wherein the fertilizer retention material is one or a mixture of more of perlite and vermiculite powder.
2. The porous ecological concrete vegetation substrate of claim 1, wherein the water retention agent is one or a mixture of sodium polyacrylate and super absorbent resin.
3. The porous ecological concrete planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is one or a mixture of more of earthworm excrement, cooked chicken manure or straw.
4. The porous ecological concrete plant-growing substrate according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural microbial agent is one or a mixture of several of bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and yeast.
5. The porous ecological concrete vegetation base of claim 1, wherein the pH adjuster is one or a mixture of acetic acid residue, aluminum sulfate, humus and plant ash.
6. A method for preparing a porous ecological concrete vegetation substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out soil treatment on the sludge by using lime, fly ash and bentonite, adding the bentonite into the sludge, stirring uniformly, naturally placing for 2-3 hours, adding the lime and the fly ash, stirring uniformly, and naturally air-drying for 20-40 hours to obtain the soil-treated sludge;
(2) diluting the agricultural microbial inoculum by 1 (150-500) times of tap water, and storing for 24 hours;
(3) and uniformly stirring the soil chemical sludge, the water-retaining agent, the organic fertilizer, the fertilizer-retaining material, the agricultural microbial inoculum and the pH regulator.
7. The use of a porous eco-concrete plant growth substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) putting the plant growth substrate into a container, pouring water accounting for 30-40% of the total mass of the plant growth substrate, and uniformly mixing; placing the prepared porous concrete into another container, slowly pouring the plant growth base material added with water into the porous ecological concrete, and taking out after the porous ecological concrete is completely filled;
(2) paving 2-3 cm of the soil sludge on the filled ecological concrete, sowing perennial grass seeds with fast germination and developed root systems, then coating a layer of natural additional soil, and periodically watering and maintaining; the soil silt is mainly prepared from silt, lime, fly ash and bentonite, and the mass ratio of the silt to the fly ash is (500-600): (50-90): (50-90): (15-24).
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| CN108101452B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-03 | 重庆交通大学 | Plant growing type porous concrete suitable for plant growth |
| CN108496747B (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-11-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of resistance to erosion plants raw substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108546051A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-09-18 | 北京京润园林绿化工程有限公司 | Recycled aggregate ecology soil layer |
| CN113133373B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | Arbor and shrub growth controllable nutrient medium and application |
| CN111648179A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 河海大学 | Permeable pavement for sponge city |
| CN111727843A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-02 | 湖北倍得农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient soil for urban landscaping and preparation method thereof |
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