CN110367080B - Soilless spray seeding matrix and application method thereof - Google Patents
Soilless spray seeding matrix and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367080B CN110367080B CN201910761939.2A CN201910761939A CN110367080B CN 110367080 B CN110367080 B CN 110367080B CN 201910761939 A CN201910761939 A CN 201910761939A CN 110367080 B CN110367080 B CN 110367080B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a soilless spray-seeding matrix which comprises a matrix layer and a planting layer, wherein the matrix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 3-5 parts of volcanic ash, 4-6 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 1-3 parts of slow release fertilizer, 1-3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1-2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 5-7 parts of compound fertilizer, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.9 part of magnesium chloride, 0.6-0.8 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.5-0.7 part of plant seeds and 2-3 parts of waste paper pulp. The spray seeding matrix is a soilless spray seeding matrix, and compared with the traditional spray seeding greening method, the spray seeding matrix avoids secondary land damage caused by taking foreign soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope restoration, in particular to a soilless spray-seeding substrate and an application method thereof.
Background
The exploitation of mineral resources provides necessary resources for society on one hand, and on the other hand, ecological environment can be damaged to different degrees, and mine pits seriously damage the original landform structure, so that land desertification and water and soil loss are caused, and the natural ecology is greatly influenced.
The foreign soil spray seeding is to fully mix the mixture of plant seeds, fertilizer, water-retaining agent, binder, turfy soil and the like, then evenly spray the mixture to the engineering slope surface needing protection according to the design thickness through high-pressure equipment and a spraying machine, and achieve the purpose of rapidly greening the stable and barren slope surface through reasonable maintenance management plant growth. The spray seeding matrix has certain stability, can supply nutrients and moisture for the vegetation, recovers an ecosystem damaged by engineering construction and development, cultivates the vegetation which stabilizes the slope and is harmonious with the surrounding environment, and can recover the original greening state of the nature correctly as soon as possible.
The core of the foreign soil spray-seeding technology is the soil material and the preparation. As the soil belongs to a non-renewable resource, the storage capacity of the soil is reduced after long-term use, and the use cost is higher and higher. And secondary disasters can be caused to the soil borrowing land by soil borrowing, and the ecological environment of the soil borrowing land is damaged. Therefore, how to reduce the soil consumption or not use the soil in the alien soil spray-seeding technology is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soilless spray-seeding matrix and an application method thereof, which aim to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the soilless spray seeding matrix comprises a matrix layer and a planting layer, wherein the matrix layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 3-5 parts of volcanic ash, 4-6 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 1-3 parts of slow release fertilizer, 1-3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1-2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 5-7 parts of compound fertilizer, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.9 part of magnesium chloride, 0.6-0.8 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.5-0.7 part of plant seeds and 2-3 parts of waste paper pulp.
Further, the iron tailings consist of coarse iron tailings and fine iron tailings according to a mass ratio of 1:1, the particle size of the coarse iron tailings is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the fine iron tailings is-0.074 mm.
Further, the specific surface area of the iron tailing micro powder is 600 square meters per kg.
Further, the plant seeds are shazhanwang, ryegrass, setaria viridis, sea buckthorn, ailanthus altissima, lespedeza bicolor and amorpha fruticosa, and the plant seeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of Shawang, 2 parts of ryegrass, 1 part of green bristlegrass herb, 2 parts of sea buckthorn, 1 part of ailanthus altissima, 1 part of lespedeza bicolor and 2 parts of amorpha fruticosa.
An application method of a soilless spray-seeding matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate layer configuration
The raw materials of the matrix layer comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 3-5 parts of volcanic ash, 4-6 parts of iron tailing micro powder and 1-3 parts of slow release fertilizer into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 20-23% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the matrix layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 1-3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1-2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin into a granule stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -12%, and uniformly mixing;
(2) spraying and seeding of matrix layer
Simultaneously opening a matrix stirring tank and a pellet stirring tank, uniformly mixing materials of the matrix layer through a spray gun, spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the exposed slope, and maintaining for 2-3 h, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the matrix layer is 5-7 cm;
(3) planting layer configuration
The planting layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 5-7 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-0.7 part of plant seeds and 2-3 parts of waste paper pulp are added into a matrix stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, clear water accounting for 24-26% of the total mass of the raw materials of the planting layer is added to be sufficiently and uniformly stirred, then 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.9 part of magnesium chloride and 0.6-0.8 part of aluminum sulfate are added into a crumb stirring tank, and clear water is added to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10-12% to be uniformly mixed;
(4) spray seeding of planting layer
Simultaneously opening the matrix stirring tank and the granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the planting layer by a spray gun, and then spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the matrix layer, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the planting layer is 3-5 cm;
(5) maintenance management
Cover planting layer surface with the grass blanket, adopt automatic facility of driping irrigation to spray moisture maintenance, water once 22~25 days, water yield at every turn is 6m according to the year/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the spray-seeding matrix is a soilless spray-seeding matrix, compared with the traditional spray-seeding greening method, the secondary land damage caused by taking alien soil is avoided, the matrix materials can form a conglomerated structure, are loose, breathable and strong in adhesive force, can meet the spray-seeding requirement of a high and steep slope with the gradient larger than 70 degrees, and are good in water retention property and high in nutrient content, can provide nutrients for plants for a long term and stably, high in survival rate of the plants and low in maintenance cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail and fully with reference to the following examples, and it should be understood that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a soilless spray-seeding substrate, which comprises a substrate layer and a planting layer, wherein the substrate layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of dried sludge, 15 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of iron tailings, 3 parts of volcanic ash, 4 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 1 part of slow release fertilizer, 3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1 part of urea resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of dried sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of iron tailings, 5 parts of compound fertilizer, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride, 0.8 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.7 part of plant seeds and 3 parts of waste paper pulp.
An application method of a soilless spray-seeding matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate layer configuration
The raw materials of the matrix layer comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 30 parts of dried sludge, 15 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of iron tailings, 3 parts of volcanic ash, 4 parts of iron tailing micro powder and 1 part of slow release fertilizer into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 20% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the matrix layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1 part of urea-formaldehyde resin into a granular stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 12%, and uniformly mixing;
(2) spraying and seeding of matrix layer
Simultaneously opening a matrix stirring tank and a pellet stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the matrix layer by a spray gun, spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the exposed slope, and maintaining for 3 hours, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the matrix layer is 7 cm;
(3) planting layer configuration
The planting layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 30 parts of dried sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of iron tailings, 5 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.7 part of plant seeds and 3 parts of waste paper pulp into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding clear water accounting for 26% of the total mass of the raw materials of the planting layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5 part of magnesium chloride and 0.8 part of aluminum sulfate into a crumb stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 12%, and uniformly mixing;
(4) spray seeding of planting layer
Simultaneously opening the matrix stirring tank and the granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the planting layer by a spray gun, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the matrix layer, wherein the spraying thickness of the planting layer is 3 cm;
(5) maintenance management
Covering the surface of the planting layer with a grass blanket, spraying water for maintenance by adopting an automatic drip irrigation facility, watering once every 25 days, and carrying out 6m cultivation/mu water quantity each time.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a soilless spray-seeding substrate, which comprises a substrate layer and a planting layer, wherein the substrate layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 parts of dried sludge, 12 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of iron tailings, 4 parts of volcanic ash, 5 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 2 parts of slow release fertilizer, 2 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1.5 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 parts of dried sludge, 9 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of iron tailings, 6 parts of compound fertilizer, 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.7 part of magnesium chloride, 0.7 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.6 part of plant seeds and 2.5 parts of waste paper pulp.
An application method of a soilless spray-seeding matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate layer configuration
The raw materials of the matrix layer comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 35 parts of dried sludge, 12 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of iron tailings, 4 parts of volcanic ash, 5 parts of iron tailing micro powder and 2 parts of slow release fertilizer into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 21% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the matrix layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 2 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1.5 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin into a granular stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 11%, and uniformly mixing;
(2) spraying and seeding of matrix layer
Simultaneously opening a matrix stirring tank and a pellet stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the matrix layer by a spray gun, spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the exposed slope, and maintaining for 2.5 hours, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the matrix layer is 6 cm;
(3) planting layer configuration
The planting layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 35 parts of dried sludge, 9 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of iron tailings, 6 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.6 part of plant seeds and 2.5 parts of waste paper pulp into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 25% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the planting layer, fully and uniformly stirring, then adding 1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.7 part of magnesium chloride and 0.7 part of aluminum sulfate into a crumb stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 11%, and uniformly mixing;
(4) spray seeding of planting layer
Simultaneously opening the matrix stirring tank and the granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the planting layer by a spray gun, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the matrix layer, wherein the spraying thickness of the planting layer is 4 cm;
(5) maintenance management
Covering the surface of the planting layer with a grass blanket, spraying water for maintenance by adopting an automatic drip irrigation facility, watering once every 23 days, and watering at the water amount of 6 m/mu each time.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a soilless spray-seeding substrate, which comprises a substrate layer and a planting layer, wherein the substrate layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of dried sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of iron tailings, 5 parts of volcanic ash, 6 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 3 parts of slow release fertilizer, 1 part of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 2 parts of urea resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of dried sludge, 8 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of iron tailings, 7 parts of compound fertilizer, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.9 part of magnesium chloride, 0.6 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.5 part of plant seeds and 2 parts of waste paper pulp.
An application method of a soilless spray-seeding matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate layer configuration
The raw materials of the matrix layer comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 40 parts of dried sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of iron tailings, 5 parts of volcanic ash, 6 parts of iron tailing micro powder and 3 parts of slow release fertilizer into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 23% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the matrix layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 1 part of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin into a granular stirring tank, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10%, and uniformly mixing;
(2) spraying and seeding of matrix layer
Simultaneously opening a matrix stirring tank and a pellet stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the matrix layer by a spray gun, spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the exposed slope, and maintaining for 2 hours, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the matrix layer is 5 cm;
(4) planting layer configuration
The planting layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of dried sludge, 8 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of iron tailings, 7 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.2 part of plant seeds and 2 parts of waste paper pulp are added into a matrix stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, clear water accounting for 24% of the total mass of the raw materials of the planting layer is added to be fully and uniformly stirred, then 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.9 part of magnesium chloride and 0.6 part of aluminum sulfate are added into a crumb stirring tank, and clear water is added to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10% to be uniformly mixed;
(5) spray seeding of planting layer
Simultaneously opening the matrix stirring tank and the granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the planting layer by a spray gun, and spraying the mixture on the surface of the matrix layer, wherein the spraying thickness of the planting layer is 5 cm;
(6) maintenance management
Covering the surface of the planting layer with a grass blanket, spraying water for maintenance by adopting an automatic drip irrigation facility, watering once in 22 days, and watering at the water amount of 6 m/mu each time.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. The soilless spray seeding matrix comprises a matrix layer and a planting layer, wherein the matrix layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 3-5 parts of volcanic ash, 4-6 parts of iron tailing micro powder, 1-3 parts of slow release fertilizer, 1-3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1-2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin, wherein the planting layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 5-7 parts of compound fertilizer, 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.9 part of magnesium chloride, 0.6-0.8 part of aluminum sulfate, 0.5-0.7 part of plant seeds and 2-3 parts of waste paper pulp;
the iron tailings consist of coarse iron tailings and fine iron tailings according to a mass ratio of 1:1, the particle size of the coarse iron tailings is 1-2 mm, and the particle size of the fine iron tailings is-0.074 mm;
the specific surface area of the iron tailing micro powder is 600 square meters per kg;
the application method of the soilless spray-seeding matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) substrate layer configuration
The raw materials of the matrix layer comprise the following raw materials in parts by mass: adding 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 10-15 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 3-5 parts of volcanic ash, 4-6 parts of iron tailing micro powder and 1-3 parts of slow release fertilizer into a matrix stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding 20-23% of clear water of the total mass of the raw materials of the matrix layer, fully stirring uniformly, adding 1-3 parts of starch grafted acrylamide polymer and 1-2 parts of urea-formaldehyde resin into a granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing, adding clear water to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10% -12%, and uniformly mixing;
(2) spraying and seeding of matrix layer
Simultaneously opening a matrix stirring tank and a pellet stirring tank, uniformly mixing materials of the matrix layer through a spray gun, spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the exposed slope, and maintaining for 2-3 h, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the matrix layer is 5-7 cm;
(3) planting layer configuration
The planting layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of dried sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of iron tailings, 5-7 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-0.7 part of plant seeds and 2-3 parts of waste paper pulp are added into a matrix stirring tank to be uniformly mixed, clear water accounting for 24-26% of the total mass of the raw materials of the planting layer is added to be sufficiently and uniformly stirred, then 1-2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.9 part of magnesium chloride and 0.6-0.8 part of aluminum sulfate are added into a crumb stirring tank, and clear water is added to prepare slurry with the mass concentration of 10-12% to be uniformly mixed;
(4) spray seeding of planting layer
Simultaneously opening the matrix stirring tank and the granule stirring tank, uniformly mixing the materials of the planting layer by a spray gun, and then spraying and sowing the materials on the surface of the matrix layer, wherein the spraying and sowing thickness of the planting layer is 3-5 cm;
(5) maintenance management
Cover planting layer surface with the grass blanket, adopt automatic facility of driping irrigation to spray moisture maintenance, water once 22~25 days, water yield at every turn is 6m according to the year/mu.
2. The soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the plant seeds are Sabawang, Lolium perenne, Setaria viridis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Ailanthus altissima, Lespedeza bicolor and amorpha fruticosa, and the plant seeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of Shawang, 2 parts of ryegrass, 1 part of green bristlegrass herb, 2 parts of sea buckthorn, 1 part of ailanthus altissima, 1 part of lespedeza bicolor and 2 parts of amorpha fruticosa.
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| CN113349016B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2024-04-02 | 国家能源集团乌海能源有限责任公司 | Soilless vegetation restoration matrix for coal gangue storage yard in northwest cold and arid regions and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114303878A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | Soilless spray-seeding matrix for high and steep rocky slope and application method thereof |
| CN114133932A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-04 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | Aggregating agent for soilless spray seeding of high and steep rocky slope and application method thereof |
| CN114574214A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-03 | 北京中力信达环境技术有限公司 | Artificial magnetic soil and preparation method and application thereof |
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