CN114574214A - Artificial magnetic soil and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Artificial magnetic soil and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114574214A CN114574214A CN202210243973.2A CN202210243973A CN114574214A CN 114574214 A CN114574214 A CN 114574214A CN 202210243973 A CN202210243973 A CN 202210243973A CN 114574214 A CN114574214 A CN 114574214A
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- artificial magnetic
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to artificial magnetic soil and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the artificial soil comprises the following raw materials: 15-30 parts of gasifier ash, 3-10 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of municipal sludge, 5-15 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 10-20 parts of artificial zeolite, 2-7 parts of iron tailings, 1-7 parts of magnesium tailings, 1-5 parts of metallurgical slag, 1-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 1-2 parts of lignite, 3-5 parts of quicklime and 5-12 parts of organic matters. The method utilizes ash, sludge and other organic matters to prepare the soil and fertilizer, can improve the properties of desertification and saline-alkali soil of the regional soil, and improve the survival rate of plants; the cost for burying and piling ash and sludge is saved; reduce water and atmospheric pollution and restore ecological environment. Can achieve the special effects of 'treatment and rejection of waste', 'mutual treatment and rejection of waste' and 'changing double harm into double benefit', can better realize the combination of environmental benefit and economic benefit, and has the comprehensive meaning of 'carbon emission reduction'.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial solid waste and organic matter recycling, in particular to artificial magnetic soil and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of human socioeconomic, the mineral resource demand is more and more. With the continuous exploitation of mineral resources and the increasing scarcity of resources, however, the industrial solid wastes are increased in geometric grade and have higher available components, so that the reasonable disposal and utilization of the waste solids become common knowledge. The recycling of industrial ash is an important link for solid waste recycling.
In addition, China has various desertification lands and saline-alkali lands of about 1 hundred million hm2Wherein the modern (active) sandy land and the saline-alkali land are about 0.37 hundred million hm20.45 hundred million hm of residual desertification land and saline-alkali land2And 0.17 hundred million hm of potential sandy land and saline-alkali land280% of desertification land and saline-alkali land in China are not developed and utilized yet.
Therefore, the problem of how to improve sandy land and saline-alkali land by recycling ash and sludge is an urgent need to be researched at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an artificial magnetic soil, which is characterized in that ash, sludge and other organic matters are scientifically proportioned to prepare soil and fertilizer, and sandy land and saline-alkali soil are improved in a matched manner, so that the properties of the sandy land and the saline-alkali soil of the regional soil are improved, and the survival rate of plants is improved; the landfill cost of ash slag and sludge is saved; reduce water and air pollution and restore ecological environment. Can achieve the special effects of 'treatment and rejection of waste', 'mutual treatment and rejection of waste' and 'changing double harm into double benefit', can better realize the combination of environmental benefit and economic benefit, and has the comprehensive meaning of 'carbon emission reduction'.
According to one aspect of the application, an artificial magnetic soil is provided, and raw materials of the artificial soil comprise: 15-30 parts of gasifier ash, 3-10 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of municipal sludge, 5-15 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 10-20 parts of artificial zeolite, 2-7 parts of iron tailings, 1-7 parts of magnesium tailings, 1-5 parts of metallurgical slag, 1-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 1-2 parts of lignite, 3-5 parts of quicklime and 5-12 parts of organic matters.
Optionally, the gasifier ash is 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, or any number between any two of the numbers.
Alternatively, the fly ash is 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the municipal sludge is 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the river or lake sediment is 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Alternatively, the artificial zeolite is 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the iron tailings are 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the magnesium tailings are 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, or any value in between any two values.
Alternatively, the metallurgical slag is 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, or any value between any two values.
Optionally, the phosphogypsum is 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts or any value in between any two values.
Alternatively, the lignite is 1 part, 1.1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 1.9 parts, 2 parts or any number between any two of the numbers.
Alternatively, the quicklime is 3 parts, 3.1 parts, 3.2 parts, 3.3 parts, 3.4 parts, 3.5 parts, 3.6 parts, 3.7 parts, 3.8 parts, 3.9 parts, 4 parts, 4.1 parts, 4.2 parts, 4.3 parts, 4.4 parts, 4.5 parts, 4.6 parts, 4.7 parts, 4.8 parts, 4.9 parts, 5 parts, or any number between any two of the numbers.
Alternatively, the organic matter is 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, or any value in between any two values.
The content of the effective state components of the elements in the coal-based soil changes along with the change of the proportion of the slag, and the content of organic matters and effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the coal-based soil in all proportions meets the requirements of national standard fertility. Through detection, the contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and the like in the coal-based soil are obviously lower than the national agricultural standard. The ash has inhibiting effect on Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn and the like in soil elements, so that the ash is converted into an invalid state to improve soil properties, and has activating effect on valuable metal ions such as Fe, Zn and the like. Experiments show that the coal-series furnace slag has better inhibiting effect on Cd, Mn and Ni than fly ash, and the fly ash has better inhibiting effect on Cr, Pb and Cu than the furnace slag. Experiments show that the addition of the ash slag obviously increases the permeability coefficient of the coal-based soil and improves the water seepage performance of the coal-based soil; the solid-phase framework of the coal-based soil is improved by adding the furnace slag, pores with different widths and shapes are formed in the framework to form a complex pore system, and water and air coexist and are filled in the soil pore system.
The main component of the quicklime is calcium oxide, and after absorbing water, the slaked lime calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) is obtained2When the soil is acidified, quicklime can be mixed in the fertilizer for regulation, so that the acidity of the soil is reduced, and the pH value of the soil is improved.
The organic matters comprise straws, livestock and poultry manure, bran, fungus cultivation waste materials, humus and the like, and have the effect of enhancing nutrient substances of soil.
The fine slag and powder of the ore screened by a high gradient magnetic separator are called tailings. Firstly, the iron tailings contain a small amount of magnetite, and after magnetization, a magnetized compound fertilizer is prepared; secondly, the magnesium tailings contain small amounts of FeO, CaO, MgO and SiO2The soil conditioner can be prepared according to different requirements; again, as far as the manganese tailings are concerned, the tailings will usually contain P in addition to small amounts of manganese2O5、SO4 2-、Cl-The MgO, the CaO and the like can be mixed with urea according to the actual requirement to prepare a compound fertilizer; the fertilizer prepared by mixing the molybdenum tailings with the fly ash is an excellent fertilizer for the soil lacking molybdenum, and can greatly reduce the incidence rate of esophageal cancer while improving the agricultural yield.
The solid waste produced in the wet-process phosphoric acid process is utilized and is called phosphogypsum. The phosphogypsum also contains phosphate rock which is not completely decomposed, is acidic, has a pH value of 1-4.5 generally, contains nutrients such as phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, silicon, zinc, magnesium, iron and the like required by crop growth under normal conditions, can be used as a modifier for saline-alkali soil instead of gypsum, eliminates soil surface crust, lightens soil viscosity, increases soil permeability, improves soil physicochemical properties and improves soil fertility. Generally, phosphogypsum and urea are mixed under high humidity and then dried to prepare a long-acting nitrogen fertilizer with low hygroscopicity and higher fertilizer efficiency than urea.
The phosphogypsum and limestone in the raw materials for soil preparation contain a large amount of Ca2+Ions, especially phosphogypsum, are solid waste produced in wet phosphoric acid processes, 90% of the component being calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO)4•2H2O). The components of the phosphogypsum also contain incompletely decomposed phosphorite, residual phosphoric acid, acid insoluble substances, organic matters and the like, and play a role in acid-base neutralization on alkaline soil. The alkalized soil contains higher sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, the pH of the alkalized soil is more than 8.5 under the normal condition, and sometimes even the pH is more than 10, so that the crops can hardly grow. The principle is to utilize Ca in the calcium carbonate2+The ions react with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate in the soil to generate insoluble calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, and slightly soluble calcium phosphate and water-soluble calcium sulfate, and the insoluble calcium bicarbonate and the calcium carbonate are leached through the soil turning and irrigation processes or are settled to the bottom layer, so that the alkalinity of the plough layer soil is gradually reduced, the alkalinity can be neutralized within 3 years, and the aim of improving the soil is fulfilled.
Municipal sludge and river and lake bottom sludge components are mainly soluble organic matters, microorganisms, insoluble inorganic matters and some organic nutrients which are needed to be consumed by biomass; wherein the microorganisms and organic matters in the sludge can be utilized to provide nutrient components for the soil.
Lignite is used as one of the carbon sources, the effect of degrading lignite by adopting composite bacteria is better, and the yield of humic acid is increased; the coal humic acid is used as an organic colloid, can promote the formation of soil aggregates, improve the structure of soil, improve the organism content of the soil, increase the content of available nutrients and enhance the activity of soil microorganisms; the application of the lignite humic acid also has good effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Blast furnace slag and molten slag utilizing ferrous metallurgy comprise the following main chemical components: a12O3、FeO、CaO、SiO2、Fe2O3、MgO、Y2O5、TiO2、MnO、P2O5The slag phosphate fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are produced by adding ash and sludge according to the requirement, and are a compound mineral fertilizer which mainly contains calcium and silicon and contains various nutrients and has quick acting and aftereffect.
Optionally, the artificial soil has a particle size of a; a is less than or equal to 500 mu m.
Through the grading process of professional equipment, the coal-based soil residual carbon loss on ignition can be separated, so that the residual carbon component of each grade product is basically reduced along with the reduction of the grade. The content of the residual carbon in the coal-based soil is in a descending trend along with the reduction of the size fraction, which shows that the coal-based soil has irreplaceable advantages for soil improvement and restoration, and through detection, when the particle size is less than or equal to 500 mu m, each size fraction product usually contains more silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide and calcium magnesium; in terms of microscopic shape, the prepared soil mainly comprises a porous system matrix, irregular particles, adhesive loose powder and beads, and has good catalytic function, processability, low hardness and low thermal expansion performance.
Optionally, a ranges are: a is more than or equal to 100 mu m and less than or equal to 500 mu m.
Optionally, the artificial soil has a particle size of 100 μm, 101 μm, 102 μm, 103 μm, 104 μm, 105 μm, 106 μm, 107 μm, 108 μm, 109 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, 220 μm, 240 μm, 260 μm, 280 μm, 300 μm, 320 μm, 340 μm, 360 μm, 380 μm, 400 μm, 420 μm, 440 μm, 460 μm, 480 μm, 500 μm, or any value therebetween.
The coal-based soil has a developed pore structure and a very rich specific surface area, and the product with the particle size fraction of more than or equal to 100 mu m can be directly used as a high-quality adsorption material and also can be used as a very difficult-to-obtain energy-storage, gas-storage and water-storage material; due to the existence of rich porosity in products of each grain size fraction of the coal-based soil, the contact area of the grains with nutrients and air is greatly increased during soil turning and farming, so that the growth of crops is promoted.
Optionally, the conductivity of the soil is 1.0-2.5 mS/cm.
Optionally, the conductivity of the soil is 1.0 mS/cm, 1.1 mS/cm, 1.2 mS/cm, 1.3 mS/cm, 1.4 mS/cm, 1.5 mS/cm, 1.6 mS/cm, 1.7 mS/cm, 1.8 mS/cm, 1.9 mS/cm, 2.0 mS/cm, 2.1 mS/cm, 2.2 mS/cm, 2.3 mS/cm, 2.4 mS/cm, 2.5 mS/cm, or any value between any two values.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a method of preparing the artificial magnetic soil as described above.
Optionally, the method comprises: (1) mixing and crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters in parts, adding fly ash into the crushed mixture, and heating the mixture to obtain a porous material; (2) sterilizing and carbonizing the municipal sludge, the river and lake bottom sludge and the organic matters in parts to obtain a biochar material; (3) mixing and screening the porous material, the biochar material and the artificial zeolite to obtain a fermentation precursor material; (4) and mixing the fermentation precursor material with a fermentation conditioner, and carrying out aerobic fermentation to obtain the artificial magnetic soil.
The coal-based soil products of each grain size fraction prepared at high temperature have the characteristics of internal porosity and light weight, and can be used in desertification lands and saline-alkali soil, so that the soil can be loosened, salt spots can be broken, salting-out can be blocked, a good parasitic environment can be provided for soil microbial floras, the propagation of beneficial microbial floras in the soil can be promoted, and the biochemical improvement and restoration of the saline-alkali soil can be improved.
Optionally, in step (1), the heating conditions are: the temperature is 200-600 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2 h.
Optionally, the heating temperature is 150-200 ℃.
Alternatively, the heating temperature is 150 ℃, 151 ℃, 152 ℃, 153 ℃, 154 ℃, 155 ℃, 156 ℃, 157 ℃, 158 ℃, 159 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃, 200 ℃, or any value between any two values.
Alternatively, the heating time is 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2h, or any number between any two of the numbers.
Optionally, in step (2), the carbonization conditions are: the temperature is 200-260 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2 h.
Optionally, the carbonization temperature is 200 ℃, 201 ℃, 202 ℃, 203 ℃, 204 ℃, 205 ℃, 206 ℃, 207 ℃, 208 ℃, 209 ℃, 210 ℃, 220 ℃, 230 ℃, 240 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃ or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the carbonization time is 0.5h, 0.6h, 0.7h, 0.8h, 0.9h, 1h, 1.1h, 1.2h, 1.3h, 1.4h, 1.5h, 1.6h, 1.7h, 1.8h, 1.9h, 2h, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, in step (4), the aerobic fermentation conditions are: the humidity is 20-50%, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the time is 7-15 days.
Optionally, the humidity is 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 20 ℃, 21 ℃, 22 ℃, 23 ℃, 24 ℃, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 27 ℃, 28 ℃, 29 ℃, 30 ℃, 31 ℃, 32 ℃, 33 ℃, 34 ℃, 35 ℃ or any value between any two values.
Alternatively, the time for aerobic fermentation is 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the dry mass ratio of the fermentation precursor material to the aerobic bacterial strain is 5-9: 5-1.
Optionally, the dry mass ratio of the fermentation precursor material to the aerobic bacterial strain is 5: 5, 6: 4, 7: 3, 8: 2, 9: 1 or any ratio between any two ratios.
Optionally, the fermentation precursor material and the aerobic bacteria are mixed according to the dry mass ratio of 7: 3, stirred uniformly and then put into a cement fermentation tank.
Optionally, after aerobic fermentation, humidity is maintained at 20% -50%.
Optionally, the humidity is maintained at 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the particle size of the porous material is less than or equal to 200 μm.
Optionally, the porous material has a particle size of 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the particle size of the biochar material is less than or equal to 200 μm.
Optionally, the biochar material has a particle size of 1 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, or any value in between any two values.
Optionally, the diameter of the artificial zeolite is 0.5-5 cm.
Optionally, the artificial zeolite has a diameter of 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, or any value in between any two values.
The artificial zeolite molecular sieve can well adsorb heavy metal ions and other harmful ions, such as: copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury, iron and the like, and the adsorption capacity sequence aiming at Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn is Pb, Cu Cd and Zn. The raw materials such as ash, municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud, fungus cultivation waste materials, humus and the like usually contain a little heavy metal and trace radioactive elements, and can be removed by molecular sieve adsorption. The adsorption capacity of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve to the heavy metal is increased along with the increase of the temperature, and the rapid adsorption process of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve to the heavy metal can be completed within 30-60 min; the artificial zeolite molecular sieve has the structure and characteristics of crystals, the surface is a solid framework, and holes in the artificial zeolite molecular sieve can play a role in adsorbing molecules. The holes are connected with each other through a pore passage, and molecules pass through the pore passage. Due to the clean nature of the pores, the pore size distribution of the molecular sieve is very uniform. Molecular sieves selectively adsorb molecules according to the size of pores in the crystals, i.e., adsorb molecules of a certain size and reject molecules of larger substances.
Optionally, the gasification furnace ash, the lignite, the iron tailings, the magnesium tailings, the metallurgical slag, the phosphogypsum, the lignite, the quicklime and the organic matters in parts are mixed and crushed into fine particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 microns.
Optionally, leaching the crushed mixture to leach out salt so as to avoid soil salinization again; after washing, high-temperature treatment is carried out at 200-600 ℃, the inside of the particles is porous, the ceramsite is free of nitrogen, sulfur and other substance components after high-temperature gasification, and the mineral metal generates oxide components after high temperature, so that no heavy metal is separated out in the using process, and the method is safe and environment-friendly; naturally cooling, and preventing ash residue of residual heat from being wetted, or releasing highly toxic carbon monoxide to prevent poisoning.
Optionally, municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matters are subjected to sterilization treatment to prevent viruses from surviving; and then carbonizing at 150-230 ℃ to prepare the biochar, and grinding into powder with the particle size of less than 200 mu m.
Optionally, mixing and stirring the porous material, the biochar material and the artificial zeolite molecular sieve for 30-120 minutes; heavy metals in the raw materials are adsorbed, so that the aim of removing the heavy metals is fulfilled.
Optionally, the artificial zeolite molecular sieve is made into a spherical shape with the diameter of 0.5-5 cm, and the spherical shape is soaked in the medicament for 30 minutes, cleaned and dried.
Optionally, in the step (3), the screening refers to removing the artificial zeolite after adsorbing the heavy metal.
And regenerating the artificial zeolite after heavy metal adsorption.
Optionally, the fermentation precursor material is subjected to water spraying treatment, and the humidity is kept between 30% and 50%.
Optionally, aerobic strains are added into the fermentation precursor material with the humidity of 30-50%, and the mixture is placed in a stacking tank for aerobic fermentation and is stirred periodically.
In the aspect of the production process of soil and fertilizer preparation and the planting process of soil turning and farming, the exchange performance and the metal ion adsorption performance of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve are utilized to remove the heavy metals in the soil. The raw materials such as ash, municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud, fungus cultivation waste materials, humus and the like usually contain a little heavy metal and trace radioactive elements, and can be removed by molecular sieve adsorption. Play the effect of improvement soil quality situation, according to the kind and the growth differentiation of crops, adjust soil pH for the demand of microelement in crops can coordinate, improve, has realized the target management and control of agricultural production. The use of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve exchanges the effective states of elements in the coal-based soil with K, Na, Ca, Mg and other ions required by crops, and plays an indirect role in the agricultural fertilizer. Correspondingly, the artificial zeolite molecular sieve can also adsorb substances such as dihydroamine and the like, so that a slow release agent required by the agricultural fertilizer is prepared; in terms of the function of the nitrogen fertilizer, the fertility is greatly improved, the actual utilization rate of the fertilizer is also doubled, and the validity period of the nitrogen fertilizer is prolonged; from the aspect of crop nutrition, the artificial zeolite molecular sieve improves the soil property and the crop growth activity, and the incorporation of coal-based soil improves the virus resistance of crops, thereby finally achieving the purposes of increasing yield and income.
The heavy metal removal is divided into two stages: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, removing heavy metals in raw materials in the soil and fertilizer preparation process of coal-based soil; and in the second stage, removing heavy metals in the saline-alkali soil in the processes of ploughing, mixing and debugging the coal-based soil and the soil of the agriculture and forestry land.
The artificial magnetic soil prepared by the process contains ammonia nitrogen, and according to the denitrification principle, in the anaerobic-aerobic reaction process of soil preparation, 1g of ammonia nitrogen is converted by nitrifying bacteria in the nitrification reaction and the alkalinity (calculated by calcium carbonate) is 7.14g, so that the pH in the mixed solution is promoted to be reduced in the soil turning and irrigation processes, and the alkalinity reduction of the pH of the soil is realized. Meanwhile, in the anaerobic environment of the phosphogypsum soil-making process, saline-alkali-resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (phosphate solubilizing microorganisms) are cultured, and researches show that the number of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria is different according to soil, and black calcium soil, yellow brown soil, white soil, red soil, brick red soil and tile alkaline earth are different. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the black calcium soil mainly comprise bacillus and pseudomonas, and the phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the yellow brown soil and the red soil are various. Research shows that the phosphate solubilizing bacteria can secrete oxalic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid and malic acid, the influence of different fertilization measures on the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in the soil is obviously different in result, and the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are reasonably applied in a matched mode, so that the propagation, division and growth of the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms can be effectively promoted. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria can also secrete lactic acid, succinic acid, formic acid and propionic acid, wherein the propionic acid and the oxalic acid are main organic acids for dissolving tricalcium phosphate by the saline-alkali tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Thus, a decrease in soil pH alkalinity is achieved.
According to another aspect of the application, an artificial magnetic compound fertilizer is provided.
Optionally, the artificial magnetic compound fertilizer comprises any one of the artificial magnetic soils.
Optionally, further comprising an additive; the additive comprises at least one of rare elements, phosphoric diamine, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate and urea.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil to the additive is 5: (0.5-2).
Optionally, the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil to the additive is 5: 0.5, 5: 0.6, 5: 0.7, 5: 0.8, 5: 0.9, 5: 1, 5: 2, or any ratio between any two ratios.
Optionally, the mass ratio of the artificial magnetic soil to the additive is 5: 1.
the magnetism in the artificial magnetic compound fertilizer can stimulate the growth of crops, activate soil and improve the absorption of crop roots to nutrients in the soil. The artificial magnetic compound fertilizer/soil has complete nutrients, and contains N, P, K kinds of fertilizer nutrients as well as trace elements and essential nutrients essential for Si, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, B, Zn, Mn, Cu and other crops. The artificial magnetic compound fertilizer/soil has obvious improvement effect on desertification land and saline-alkali soil; has the effects of promoting the growth and increasing the yield of crops such as ryegrass, alfalfa, narrow-leaved oleaster, oil sand bean and shazhanwang.
The application prepares the artificial magnetic compound fertilizer and soil for soil restoration and ecological management of a large amount of solid wastes, wherein the mixing amount of coal-based solid wastes reaches more than 30 percent (namely more than 30 percent of fly ash, vaporized furnace slag, municipal sludge and tailings are added into the artificial soil and the chemical fertilizer), a batch of plant varieties suitable for in-situ soil restoration are screened out, and a series of soil and fertilizer preparation technical modes for managing sandy land and saline-alkali land are formed, so that the key technical bottleneck of recycling the large amount of solid wastes is broken through in the application aspect. With the popularization and the application of the project, obvious economic and social benefits can be obtained.
The fly ash, the gasification furnace slag, the phosphogypsum, the iron tailings, the metallurgical slag and other industrial solid wastes are massively stacked, land resources are occupied, and a dangerous situation is formed on environmental pollution; meanwhile, the method faces a plurality of bottleneck problems of lack of theoretical research, low resource utilization rate, great treatment difficulty and the like. The invention discloses exploration and practice of a complete set of technology for ecological management of large amount of solid wastes, develops key technical research of soil ecological restoration corresponding to soil preparation and fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to technical research of preparing soil and fertilizer aiming at coal-based solid wastes and applying the soil and fertilizer to ecological management of desertification land, saline-alkali land and polluted fields. Through experiments, the formula of ecological materials such as the coal-based solid waste doped with sludge, iron tailings and organic matters is mastered, innovations are sought in the aspects of soil fertility, magnetized media, compound nutrient components and the like, and a whole set of technical mode, process and method for utilizing the solid waste on a large scale in the aspects of soil restoration and ecological management are formed through integration of the technology and products.
Optionally, in the artificial magnetic soil, the mass content of nitrogen is 1-1.5%; the content of phosphorus is 0.01-0.2% by mass; the content of potassium by mass is 0.2-3.3%; the content of the magnetized medium (magnetic tailings) is 2% -5%. These data indicate that the artificial soil of the present application has better soil fertility.
Optionally, the artificial magnetic soil comprises 40% -45% of C, 40% -45% of H, 4% -6% of O, 1% -1.5% of N, 0.01% -0.2% of P, 0.2% -3.3% of K, 0.05% -0.1% of S, 0.1% -0.5% of Ca, 0.1% -0.2% of Mg, 0.005% -0.01% of Cl, 0.005% -0.02% of Fe, 0.001% -0.005% of Mn, 0.001% -0.002% of B, 0.001% -0.002% of Zn, 0-0.0006% of Cu and 0-0.00001% of Mo.
The artificial magnetic soil has certain magnetism, has a probability of being capable of forming an electromagnetic field, can induce electronic transition of partial elements (such as trace elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc, calcium and the like) in plant tissues, and generates ultraviolet-visible absorption light, so that the light absorption capacity of plants is enhanced, and the photosynthesis of the plants is promoted; the artificial magnetic soil can promote mitochondria in cells to accelerate energy conversion, enhance the metabolic capability of plants, accelerate the formation of protein and finally enhance the germination and growth of the plants; in addition, infrared light waves emitted by energy radiation (far infrared rays with the wavelength of 8-14 microns in the solar light waves are indispensable in the life growth process and are indispensable external factors for living of organisms) can be increased during photosynthesis of plants, the most effective resonance can be generated with water molecules of cells in the organisms, the permeability of the water molecules is enhanced, and the growth of the plants is effectively promoted; in addition, the artificial magnetic soil of the application can also possibly induce water molecules in the saline-alkali soil to generate polarity, promote the vibration of the water molecules and accelerate the decomposition of salt particles, thereby changing the chemical components of salt, further degrading the salt of the saline-alkali soil and finally improving the saline-alkali soil.
In conclusion, the artificial magnetic soil has the advantages that the components are matched with each other, the fly ash and the lignite can aggregate heavy metals in saline-alkali soil or sandy soil, the phosphogypsum and the limestone can act with alkali in the saline-alkali soil after the heavy metals are removed to settle, the tailings decompose salt which cannot settle in the saline-alkali soil, and the artificial zeolite adsorbs the heavy metals and the settled alkali, so that the salt alkalinity of the soil is greatly reduced, namely, the components in the saline-alkali soil are broken respectively and adsorbed together at last, and the saline-alkali soil is improved more efficiently and orderly; the sludge, the organic matters and the metallurgical slag are used for supplementing the fertilizer, the fly ash and the lignite can also have certain preservation performance on water and air, so that the improvement of the saline-alkali soil is more effective, the basic condition of the subsequent plant growth is achieved, and the tailings can also have an additional promotion effect on the plant growth; therefore, in the artificial magnetic soil of the application, the components support each other and promote each other, but only lack, and act on desertification land and/or saline-alkali land together.
According to a further aspect of the present application, there is provided a use of the artificial magnetic soil as described in any one of the above in sandy land and/or saline-alkali land.
The invention has the following main beneficial effects:
the application provides an artificial magnetic soil, which is characterized in that ash, sludge and other organic matters are scientifically proportioned to prepare soil and fertilizer, and sandy land and saline-alkali soil are improved in a matched manner, so that the properties of the sandy land and the saline-alkali soil of the regional soil are improved, and the survival rate of plants is improved; the landfill cost of ash slag and sludge is saved; reduce water and atmospheric pollution and restore ecological environment. Can achieve the special effects of 'treatment and rejection of waste', 'mutual treatment and rejection of waste' and 'changing double harm into double benefit', can better realize the combination of environmental benefit and economic benefit, and has the comprehensive meaning of 'carbon emission reduction'.
According to the method, heavy metals and radioactive elements in raw materials such as ash residues, municipal sludge, river and lake bottom mud, fungus cultivation waste materials and humus are removed by utilizing the exchange performance of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve and the adsorption performance of the artificial zeolite molecular sieve on metal ions, so that the effect of improving the soil quality condition is achieved; according to the variety and the growth differentiation of crops, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, so that the requirements of trace elements in the crops can be coordinated and improved, and the target management and control of agricultural production are realized. And the coal-based soil products of each grain size fraction prepared at high temperature can loosen the soil, break salt spots, block salting out, provide good parasitic environment for soil microbial flora, promote the propagation of beneficial soil microbial flora and improve the biochemical improvement and restoration of the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The reagents, materials and procedures used herein are those widely used in the corresponding fields and are generally available on the market.
The ash slag of the gasification furnace comes from a coal gasification furnace and a Ning coal group;
the fly ash comes from a coal-fired power plant, and Huaneng is a power plant;
municipal sludge is from municipal sewage treatment plants, high stele shop sewage treatment plants;
the bottom sludge of the river and the lake comes from the sludge at the bottom of the river and the lake treatment, and the Beijing area is the Beijing canal;
the artificial zeolite is from chemical reagents of Mimi Europe, Inc. of Tianjin;
the iron tailings are from iron ore dressing plants, and the red mountain iron ore dressing plants in Hebei;
the magnesium tailings are from a magnesium ore dressing field, a magnesite magnesium sand plant of a chenchenchentai province in Hebei;
the metallurgical slag is from a metallurgical smelting furnace, Zhongxing smelting Co., Ltd, Hebei;
phosphogypsum is from Drifun technologies, Inc., Guizhou;
lignite is sourced from san-rich coal from Jilin cities, dealership;
the organic matters come from agricultural straws, livestock and poultry manure and kitchen waste;
the aerobic strain is from Biwofeng biological technology limited company, COWV solid fertilizer microbial inoculum.
Example 1
16 parts of gasifier ash, 8 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of municipal sludge, 6 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 15 parts of artificial zeolite, 6 parts of iron tailings, 7 parts of magnesium tailings, 4 parts of metallurgical slag, 3 parts of phosphogypsum, 1.5 parts of lignite, 4 parts of quicklime and 12 parts of organic matters.
Crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters into fine particles with the particle size of 150 mu m, and adding fly ash and gypsum powder; airing the municipal sludge and the river and lake bottom sludge; making the artificial zeolite molecular sieve into a spherical shape with the diameter of 2cm, soaking the spherical shape with the medicament for 30 minutes, cleaning the spherical shape, and airing the spherical shape for later use;
leaching the crushed mixture to leach out salt so as to prevent soil salinization again; after washing, carrying out high temperature treatment at 180 ℃; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matters are sterilized to prevent viruses from surviving; then carbonizing at 200 deg.C to obtain charcoal, grinding into powder with particle size of 150 μm; mixing and stirring the porous material, the biochar material and the artificial zeolite molecular sieve for 60 minutes, and adsorbing heavy metals in the raw materials.
And removing the large-particle artificial zeolite molecular sieve after heavy metal adsorption to obtain the fermentation precursor material. The fermentation precursor material was subjected to water spray treatment with a humidity of 40%. Mixing aerobic bacteria (dry mass ratio is 7: 3) into the fermentation precursor material with the humidity of 40%, placing the mixture in a 30-degree stacking tank for aerobic fermentation, and stirring regularly; after the stacking time is 7 days, the humidity is required to be kept at 20%, and the artificial magnetic soil with the granularity of 300 mu m is prepared.
Wherein the artificial soil comprises 40% of C, 40% of H, 4% of O, 1% of N, 0.1% of P, 0.1% of K, 0.05% of S, 0.1% of Ca, 0.1% of Mg, 0.005% of Cl, 0.005% of Fe, 0.001% of Mn, 0.001% of B, 0.001% of Zn, 0.0006% of Cu and 0.00001% of Mo; the content of the magnetized medium was 4.8%.
Example 2
21 parts of gasifier ash, 4 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of municipal sludge, 12 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 10 parts of artificial zeolite, 2.5 parts of iron tailings, 2.5 parts of magnesium tailings, 4 parts of metallurgical slag, 3 parts of phosphogypsum, 1.5 parts of lignite, 4 parts of quicklime and 12 parts of organic matters.
Crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters into fine particles with the particle size of 150 mu m, and adding fly ash and gypsum powder; airing municipal sludge and river and lake bottom sludge; making the artificial zeolite molecular sieve into a spherical shape with the diameter of 2cm, soaking the spherical shape with the medicament for 30 minutes, cleaning the spherical shape, and airing the spherical shape for later use;
leaching the crushed mixture to leach out salt so as to prevent soil salinization again; after washing, carrying out 180-degree high-temperature treatment; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matters are sterilized to prevent viruses from surviving; then carbonizing at 200 deg.C to obtain charcoal, grinding into powder with particle size of 150 μm; mixing and stirring the porous material, the biochar material and the artificial zeolite molecular sieve for 60 minutes, and adsorbing heavy metals in the raw materials.
And removing the large-particle artificial zeolite molecular sieve after heavy metal adsorption to obtain the fermentation precursor material. The fermentation precursor material was subjected to water spray treatment with a humidity of 40%. Mixing aerobic bacteria (dry mass ratio is 7: 3) into the fermentation precursor material with the humidity of 40%, placing the mixture in a 30-degree stacking tank for aerobic fermentation, and stirring regularly; after the stacking time is 7 days, the humidity is required to be kept at 20%, and the artificial magnetic soil with the granularity of 800 microns is prepared.
Wherein, the artificial soil comprises 43.4 percent of C, 44.6 percent of H, 5.1 percent of O, 1.26 percent of N, 0.18 percent of P, 2.11 percent of K, 0.08 percent of S, 0.4 percent of Ca, 0.32 percent of Mg, 0.009 percent of Cl, 0.0062 percent of Fe, 0.0035 percent of Mn, 0.0015 percent of B, 0.0013 percent of Zn, 0.0002 percent of Cu and 0.000001 percent of Mo; the content of the magnetized medium was 4.1%.
Example 3
23 parts of gasifier ash, 6 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of municipal sludge, 15 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 10 parts of artificial zeolite, 5 parts of iron tailings, 5 parts of magnesium tailings, 5 parts of metallurgical slag, 2 parts of phosphogypsum, 2 parts of lignite, 3 parts of quicklime and 9 parts of organic matters.
Crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters into fine particles with the particle size of 180 mu m, and adding fly ash and gypsum powder; airing the municipal sludge and the river and lake bottom sludge; making the artificial zeolite molecular sieve into a spherical shape with the diameter of 5cm, soaking the spherical shape with the medicament for 30 minutes, then cleaning the spherical shape, and airing the spherical shape for later use;
leaching the crushed mixture to leach salt so as to avoid soil salinization again; after washing, carrying out high-temperature treatment at 200 ℃; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matters are sterilized to prevent viruses from surviving; then carbonizing at 250 ℃ to prepare biochar, and grinding into powder with the particle size of 180 mu m; mixing and stirring the porous material, the biochar material and the artificial zeolite molecular sieve for 120 minutes, and adsorbing heavy metals in the raw materials.
And removing the large-particle artificial zeolite molecular sieve after heavy metal adsorption to obtain the fermentation precursor material. The fermentation precursor material was subjected to water spray treatment with 50% humidity. Mixing aerobic bacteria (dry mass ratio is 7: 3) into a fermentation precursor material with humidity of 50%, placing in a 30-degree stacking tank for aerobic fermentation, and stirring regularly; after the stacking time is 10 days, 30% of humidity is required to be kept, and the artificial magnetic soil with the granularity of 230 mu m is prepared.
Wherein the artificial soil comprises 42.6% of C, 41.3% of H, 4.6% of O, 1.2% of N, 0.13% of P, 0.29% of K, 0.08% of S, 0.26% of Ca, 0.15% of Mg, 0.009% of Cl, 0.012% of Fe, 0.0024% of Mn, 0.0018% of B, 0.0015% of Zn, 0.0002% of Cu and 0.00001% of Mo; the content of the magnetized medium was 4.3%.
Example 4
30 parts of gasifier ash, 3 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of municipal sludge, 10 parts of river and lake bottom sludge, 20 parts of artificial zeolite, 3 parts of iron tailings, 4 parts of magnesium tailings, 5 parts of metallurgical slag, 5 parts of phosphogypsum, 1 part of lignite, 5 parts of quicklime and 6 parts of organic matters.
Crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters into fine particles with the particle size of 160 mu m, and adding fly ash and gypsum powder; airing the municipal sludge and the river and lake bottom sludge; making the artificial zeolite molecular sieve into a spherical shape with the diameter of 4cm, soaking the spherical shape with the medicament for 30 minutes, then cleaning the spherical shape, and airing the spherical shape for later use;
leaching the crushed mixture to leach out salt so as to prevent soil salinization again; after washing, high-temperature treatment at 150 ℃; municipal sludge, river and lake bottom sludge and other organic matters are sterilized to prevent viruses from surviving; then carbonizing at 220 deg.C to obtain charcoal, grinding into powder with particle size of 200 μm;
the fermentation precursor material was subjected to water spray treatment with a humidity of 30%. Mixing aerobic bacteria (dry mass ratio is 7: 3) into the fermentation precursor material with 30% humidity, placing in a 30-degree stacking tank for aerobic fermentation, and stirring regularly; after 15 days of stacking, 25% of humidity is required to be kept, and the artificial magnetic soil with the granularity of 420 mu m is prepared.
Wherein, the artificial soil comprises 43.3 percent of C, 42.1 percent of H, 5.3 percent of O, 1.46 percent of N, 0.16 percent of P, 0.56 percent of K, 0.1 percent of S, 0.42 percent of Ca, 0.1 percent of Mg, 0.009 percent of Cl, 0.011 percent of Fe, 0.003 percent of Mn, 0.0013 percent of B, 0.0016 percent of Zn, 0.0002 percent of Cu and 0.00001 percent of Mo; the content of the magnetized medium was 4.1%.
Comparative example 1
The same general procedure as in example 1, except that there were no iron tailings, magnesium tailings and metallurgical slag, and the other steps and parameters were identical to those of example 1.
Wherein the artificial soil comprises a C content of 40.2%, an H content of 40.6%, an O content of 2.3%, an N content of 1.2%, a P content of 0.016%, a K content of 0.11%, an S content of 0.043%, a Ca content of 0.06%, an Mg content of 0.009%, a Cl content of 0.0003%, an Fe content of 0.0002%, an Mn content of 0.00006%, a B content of 0.0005%, a Zn content of 0.0006%, a Cu content of 0.0001% and an Mo content of 0.00001%; the content of the magnetized medium was 0%.
From the above, in the soil lacking the tailings and the slag, the contents of O and P are greatly reduced, and the contents of trace elements are also greatly reduced, which may have a certain influence on the growth of subsequent plants.
Comparative example 2
The same general procedure as in example 1, except that no artificial zeolite was present, and other steps and parameters were the same as in example 1.
Wherein the artificial soil comprises 42.9% of C, 41.3% of H, 4.6% of O, 1.9% of N, 0.24% of P, 0.22% of K, 0.09% of S, 0.9% of Ca, 0.89% of Mg, 0.6% of Cl, 1.6% of Fe, 0% of Mn, 0.9% of B, 0.21% of Zn, 0.56% of Cu and 0.089% of Mo; the content of the magnetized medium was 5%.
It can be seen from the comparison between comparative example 2 and example 1 that the heavy metals in the soil cannot be adsorbed and removed due to the lack of the artificial zeolite, and the artificial soil still contains more heavy metals, which is not beneficial to the planting of plants.
Performance testing
1. The method comprises the steps of respectively taking five kinds of saline-alkali soil, wherein the soil is numbered as soil 1 (from eastern province city of Shandong province), soil 2 (Cangzhou city of Hebei province), soil 3 (elm city of Shaanxi province), soil 4 (Living harbor city of Jiangsu province) and soil 5 (Tongliao city of inner Mongolia), mixing the artificial magnetic soil prepared in the application examples and the comparative examples into the saline-alkali soil according to the mass ratio of 1:5, dividing the artificial magnetic soil into blank groups (no substance is added, only saline-alkali soil exists), comparative example groups and example groups, and detecting pH and conductivity after uniformly mixing. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 improvement of saline-alkali soil by artificial magnetic soil
As can be seen from table 1, by adding the magnetic soil of the present invention to saline-alkali soil, the pH of the soil and the conductivity of the soil are effectively reduced, i.e. the degree of salinization of the soil is reduced; although the comparative examples 1 and 2 can reduce a certain salinization degree, the pH and the conductivity of the composite material are far higher than those of the example 1, and the fact that the composite material lacks tailings, slag and artificial zeolite and cannot achieve the excellent performance of the composite material, namely the pH is about neutral, and the conductivity is between 1.0 and 2.5 mS/cm.
2. The artificial modified soil prepared in the examples and the comparative examples is added into the saline-alkali soil 1 respectively, the mass ratio is 1:5, and the artificial modified soil is divided into a blank group (no substance is added, only saline-alkali soil exists), two comparative groups (comparative example 1 and comparative example 2) and three example groups (example 1, example 2, example 3 and example 4). Then, the corn seeds were planted, 10 pots were cultivated for each group, 5 seeds were planted for each pot, six groups were planted, the seeds were watered regularly and quantitatively every day, and the survival rate of the corn was recorded, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of magnetic soil on survival rate of corn
3. After emergence of the seedlings, the height cm of the corns (the part exceeding the soil layer) was recorded every two days
TABLE 3 growth impact of magnetic soil on corn
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the artificial magnetic soil of the present invention can better promote the germination of seeds and the growth of plants, because the artificial magnetic soil of the present invention effectively reduces the pH of the soil and the conductivity of the soil by the mutual matching of the components, can remove heavy metals in saline-alkali soil and reduce the degree of salt alkalinity, and because the artificial magnetic soil of the present invention has a larger particle size, the water and gas retention performance of the whole soil is slightly reduced, so that the parameters of the plants are slightly inferior to those of the other examples. Compared example 1 and comparative example 2 lack some elements, far from reaching the effect of the artificial magnetic soil of the application, namely the content of the removed heavy metal is limited or the degree of reducing the saline-alkali is limited, and there are many factors which are not beneficial to the development and growth of plants, so that the survival rate of seeds and the growth of the plants are greatly reduced; in addition, the artificial magnetic soil of the present application contains components necessary for plants such as sludge and organic matter, and can further promote the growth of seeds and the development of plants.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The artificial magnetic soil is characterized in that the raw materials of the artificial magnetic soil comprise: 15-30 parts of gasifier ash, 3-10 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of municipal sludge, 5-15 parts of river and lake bottom mud, 10-20 parts of artificial zeolite, 2-7 parts of iron tailings, 1-7 parts of magnesium tailings, 1-5 parts of metallurgical slag, 1-5 parts of phosphogypsum, 1-2 parts of lignite, 3-5 parts of quicklime and 5-12 parts of organic matters.
2. The artificial magnetic soil according to claim 1, wherein the artificial magnetic soil has a particle size of A; a is less than or equal to 500 mu m.
3. The artificial magnetic soil of claim 2, wherein a ranges from: a is more than or equal to 100 mu m and less than or equal to 500 mu m.
4. The artificial magnetic soil according to claim 1, wherein the conductivity of the artificial magnetic soil is 1.0-2.5 mS/cm.
5. A method for preparing the artificial magnetic soil as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
(1) mixing and crushing the gasification furnace ash, lignite, iron tailings, magnesium tailings, metallurgical slag, phosphogypsum, lignite, quicklime and organic matters in parts, adding fly ash into the crushed mixture, and heating the mixture to obtain a porous material;
(2) sterilizing and carbonizing the municipal sludge, the river and lake bottom sludge and the organic matters in parts to obtain a biochar material;
(3) mixing and screening a porous material, a biochar material and artificial zeolite to obtain a fermentation precursor material;
(4) and mixing the fermentation precursor material with aerobic strains, and carrying out aerobic fermentation to obtain the artificial magnetic soil.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (1), the heating conditions are: the temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the time is 0.5-2 h;
in the step (2), the carbonization conditions are as follows: the temperature is 200-260 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2 h.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (4), the aerobic fermentation conditions are: the humidity is 20-50%, the temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the time is 7-15 days.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the porous material has a particle size of 200 μm or less;
the particle size of the biochar material is less than or equal to 200 mu m;
the diameter of the artificial zeolite is 0.5-5 cm.
9. An artificial magnetic compound fertilizer, characterized by comprising the artificial magnetic soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. Use of the artificial magnetic soil of any one of claims 1 to 4 in sandy and/or saline-alkali lands.
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