CN114230393A - Special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114230393A CN114230393A CN202111516639.1A CN202111516639A CN114230393A CN 114230393 A CN114230393 A CN 114230393A CN 202111516639 A CN202111516639 A CN 202111516639A CN 114230393 A CN114230393 A CN 114230393A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 4
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 4
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 4
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHMYCRXZWFXRIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium hypochlorite phenoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]Cl.[O-]c1ccccc1 MHMYCRXZWFXRIU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004181 pedogenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Abstract
The invention discloses a special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil. The compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of biochar, 150-250 parts of humic acid, 30-100 parts of pyroligneous, 10-30 parts of medical stone, 50-100 parts of bentonite, 50-100 parts of phosphogypsum, 100-150 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 100-150 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 100-150 parts of potash fertilizer and 10-50 parts of trace elements. By applying the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, the invention improves the poor physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the volume weight of the saline-alkali soil by the special structure of the biochar, improves the water retention, water permeability and air permeability of the saline-alkali soil, increases the microbial content and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, fundamentally improves the poor physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil and achieves the purposes of increasing yield and enhancing efficiency for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a degraded soil with poor agricultural production capacity. Globally, saline-alkali affected soils amount to about 10 hundred million hectares, accounting for about 7% of the land area of the earth and 20% of the world's irrigated land. Due to different climates, natural environments and soil formation processes, the distribution and types of soils affected by salt and alkali vary significantly from region to region and country to country. The Songnen plain is located in the east of the farming-grazing cross zone in the north of China, is an important farming-grazing base in the north of China, is one of the largest three-sodium bicarbonate saline-alkali soil distribution areas in the world, and is affected by salinization of a land containing over 373 ten thousand hectares. In recent decades, the Songnen plain has suffered from severe land salinization due to the dual effects of human activities and climate change, with about 2 million hectares of land salinization per year, and most of the land has been abandoned and cannot be used. Saline-alkali soil has great development potential as a potential reserve soil resource. Therefore, the protection, the reasonable development and the utilization of saline-alkali land resources become more important, and the method has very important significance for improving the regional ecological environment, producing and promoting the regional economic development.
The saline-alkali soil has poor physical and chemical properties, the salinity causes water shortage of plants, the soil porosity is reduced, the soil is easy to harden, the soil structure is poor, and the water retention and water permeability are poor; the absorption process of nutrients and the activity of enzyme are inhibited, the activity of soil microorganisms and the conversion of organic matters are influenced, and the content of the organic matters is reduced, so that the fertility of the soil is reduced; some salt ions in the soil poison the plant root system, causing changes in the plant morphology and structure. In response to the above problems, biochar has remarkable effects due to its unique physicochemical properties.
Biochar is a novel carbonaceous composite material with high carbon content, organic matter and inorganic minerals, and has received much attention due to its potential advantages in soil remediation, wastewater treatment and chemical engineering. The loose and porous property of the biological carbon enables the biological carbon to store more soil nutrient substances, improves the hydraulic property of soil, reduces the nutrient leaching loss degree of the soil and reduces the leaching loss of chemical fertilizers. The biochar is applied to the salinized soil, so that the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by agricultural and forestry wastes can be solved, the water-soil environment of the soil can be improved, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops can be improved. Researches show that the biochar has positive effects on the aspects of soil moisture and fertility preservation, soil microstructure improvement, organic carbon content increase, crop growth promotion, yield increase, carbon sequestration, emission reduction and the like, and the improvement effect of the biochar has important significance on agricultural production, soil improvement, ecological restoration and the like.
Researchers at home and abroad explore that the biochar is compounded with organic and inorganic fertilizers, and the nutrient of the organic and inorganic fertilizers is used for overcoming the defect of insufficient nutrient contained in the biochar. The biochar-based fertilizer has a nutrient slow release effect, can delay release, reduce nutrient loss and improve the nutrient utilization rate of the fertilizer, and the biochar can still exchange and adsorb soil water and fertilizer after the loaded nutrients are released, so that the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil is improved, the propagation and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil are promoted, the function of a soil conditioner is exerted, and the nondegradable biochar can fix carbon in the soil. The biochar and the organic and inorganic fertilizers can be compounded to bring the biochar into soil through fertilization every season, the demand pressure caused by applying a large amount of biochar into the soil once is reduced, the mass density of the biochar can be increased by compounding the biochar with the organic and inorganic fertilizers, the dust loss of the biochar is reduced, and the difficulty and the loss of the biochar application operation can be greatly reduced particularly when the biochar is compounded and granulated with the organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which can improve the physicochemical property of soil.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil.
The carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the saline-alkali soil, provided by the invention, comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of biochar, 150-250 parts of humic acid, 30-100 parts of pyroligneous, 10-30 parts of medical stone, 50-100 parts of bentonite, 50-100 parts of phosphogypsum, 100-150 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 100-150 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 100-150 parts of potash fertilizer and 10-50 parts of trace elements.
Preferably, the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 150 parts of biochar, 215 parts of humic acid, 45 parts of pyroligneous, 20 parts of medical stone, 80 parts of bentonite, 100 parts of phosphogypsum, 140 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 145 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 120 parts of potash fertilizer and 30 parts of trace elements.
In the invention, the biochar is prepared by carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on a biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition; wherein the biomass raw materials comprise a corn straw scale, corncobs, rice straws, rice husks, hemp stems, hemp residues, soybean straws, walnut shells and mushroom bran; the temperature of the thermal cracking carbonization is 500-700 ℃; the thermal cracking carbonization time is 2-3 hours. The specific surface area of the biochar can reach more than 100 square meters per gram.
In the invention, the medical stone has the functions of regulating ions and releasing more than 20 trace elements and trace rare earth elements in saline-alkali soil due to the adsorbability, solubility, regulation, biological activity, mineralization and the like of the medical stone. The medical stone contains Al2O315 percent, which is used as a neutral oxide and reacts with alkali (OH) in saline-alkali soil to reduce the pH value.
In the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride which are mixed according to any proportion.
In the invention, the phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrophosphate fertilizer which are mixed according to any proportion.
In the invention, the potash fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate mixed according to any proportion.
In the invention, the trace element is one or two of ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate which are mixed according to any proportion.
The invention provides a method for preparing a special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on the biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition to obtain biochar;
(2) the biochar, humic acid, pyroligneous liquor, medical stone, bentonite, phosphogypsum, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace elements are mixed according to the mass parts, and the mixture is crushed, stirred, granulated and dried to prepare the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
In the step (1), the biochar is prepared by carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on a biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition; wherein the biomass raw materials comprise a corn straw scale, corncobs, rice straws, rice husks, hemp stems, hemp residues, soybean straws, walnut shells and mushroom bran; the temperature of the thermal cracking carbonization is 500-700 ℃; the thermal cracking carbonization time is 2-3 hours. And after the thermal cracking and carbonization, the method also comprises the steps of carbonizing and crushing the obtained product and sieving the product by a 2mm sieve.
In the step (2), the particle size of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particles is 3.35-5.60 mm.
The invention also protects the application of the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in improving saline-alkali soil.
The application method of the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil in the aspect of improving saline-alkali soil provided by the invention comprises the following steps: before planting, the fertilizer is applied to soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizer in the planting of crops, namely the same nitrogen content as that of the conventional fertilizer applied in the planting of crops.
By applying the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, the invention improves the poor physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the volume weight of the saline-alkali soil by the special structure of the biochar, improves the water retention, water permeability and air permeability of the saline-alkali soil, increases the microbial content and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, fundamentally improves the poor physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil and achieves the purposes of increasing yield and enhancing efficiency for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the raw materials of the biochar are organic waste materials such as corn straw scales, corncobs, rice straws, rice husks, hemp stems, hemp residues, soybean straws, walnut shells, mushroom bran and the like, and the biochar has wide sources, huge yield and low cost, so that large-scale production is easier to realize.
(2) The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil is prepared from the biochar raw material, and the biochar has unique physical properties, so that the biochar has strong adsorption capacity, the fertilizer leaching loss can be remarkably reduced, the fertilizer slow release effect is increased, and the fertilizer effectiveness and the utilization rate are improved. Meanwhile, the physical properties of the soil are improved, the air permeability and the water permeability of the soil are increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the porosity of the soil is improved, and a place is provided for the life activities of microorganisms.
(3) The carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for saline-alkali soil takes medical stone as a raw material, and the medical stone has the functions of regulating ions and releasing more than 20 trace elements and trace rare earth elements in saline-alkali soil due to the adsorbability, the dissolvability, the adjustability, the biological activity, the mineralization property and the like of the medical stone. The medical stone contains Al2O315 percent, which is used as a neutral oxide and reacts with alkali (OH) in saline-alkali soil to reduce the pH value.
(4) The carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the saline-alkali soil takes the phosphogypsum as a raw material, and the calcium ions contained in the phosphogypsum are used for replacing sodium ions in a soil adsorptive complex, so that the alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil is reduced, and sufficient calcium and sulfur elements are provided for crops. The phosphogypsum can improve the physical structure of soil, increase the granular structure of the soil, improve the air permeability and the water permeability of the soil and relieve the hardening of the soil.
(5) The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention takes bentonite as a raw material, and can obviously reduce the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil by utilizing the ion exchange effect and the adsorbability of the bentonite. The bentonite can improve the physical structure of soil, increase the granular structure of the soil, improve the ventilation and water permeability of the soil and relieve the hardening of the soil.
(6) The carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the saline-alkali soil is added with trace elements, and aims to provide more comprehensive nutrient elements for plants, promote the growth of the plants and enhance the effectiveness of other fertilizers.
(7) The carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the saline-alkali soil has weak acidity pH, and can reduce the pH of the saline-alkali soil and inhibit the soil salinization after being applied to the soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
The assay methods referred to in the following examples are as follows:
the number of soil bacteria and the number of actinomycetes are measured by adopting a dilution plate counting method
Fumigating K with chloroform for carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass2SO4Measuring by an extraction method (FE);
soil organic matters are measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method;
measuring the water-soluble carbon by adopting a high-temperature catalytic oxidation method;
the soil urease activity is measured by a sodium phenolate-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method;
the activity of soil catalase is measured by a potassium permanganate titration method;
measuring the volume weight of the soil by adopting a conversion method;
the soil cation exchange capacity is measured by a sodium acetate method;
the pH value of the soil is measured by a pH meter.
Preparation of biochar
Example 1
Drying and crushing corn straw scales, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 3 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at the temperature of 600 ℃, cooling and crushing carbonization, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to obtain the biochar raw material.
Example 2
Drying and crushing corncobs, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2.5 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at the temperature of 550 ℃, cooling and crushing carbonization, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to obtain a biochar raw material.
Example 3
Drying and crushing the rice straw scale, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2.5 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 650 ℃, cooling and crushing the carbonized material, and sieving the carbonized material by a 2mm sieve to obtain the biochar raw material.
Example 4
Drying and crushing rice hulls, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 700 ℃, cooling and crushing carbonization, and sieving by a 2mm sieve to obtain a biochar raw material.
Example 5
Drying hemp, pulverizing, performing anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking and carbonization in ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 550 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling, pulverizing, and sieving with 2mm sieve to obtain biochar material.
Example 6
Drying hemp residue, pulverizing, performing anaerobic high temperature thermal cracking carbonization in 600 deg.C ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace for 3 hr, cooling, pulverizing, and sieving with 2mm sieve to obtain biochar material.
Example 7
Drying and crushing the soybean straw scale, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 2.5 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 700 ℃, cooling and crushing the carbonized material, and sieving the carbonized material by a 2mm sieve to obtain the biochar raw material.
Example 8
Drying and crushing walnut shells, carrying out anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment for 3 hours in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 650 ℃, cooling and crushing the carbonized materials, and sieving the carbonized materials by a 2mm sieve to obtain the biochar raw material.
Example 9
Drying and pulverizing the mushroom bran, performing anaerobic high-temperature thermal cracking carbonization treatment in a ZHC-I type straw scale pyrolysis carbonization furnace at 600 ℃ for 2.5 hours, cooling and pulverizing the carbonized material, and sieving the carbonized material by a 2mm sieve to obtain the biochar raw material.
Preparation of special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil
Example 10
150kg of the biochar (prepared in example 1), 215kg of humic acid, 45kg of pyroligneous liquor, 20kg of medical stone, 80kg of bentonite, 100kg of phosphogypsum, 140kg of urea, 145kg of calcium superphosphate, 120kg of potassium sulfate, 10kg of ferrous sulfate, 10kg of zinc sulfate and 10kg of magnesium sulfate are mixed, crushed by a 13SFS-401 type crusher (crushing time is 2 tons/hour, crushing particle size is 0.3-0.5 mm), stirred by a PJ16001 type stirrer (stirring time is 10 mim-15 min), and granulated by a KHL-500 type granulator (crushing time is 1 ton/hour-2.5 tons/hour, particle size is 5mm))、
Drying with a drying machine (the water content after drying is 15%), and making into granular fertilizer. Before planting, the fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizer in rice planting, namely the same nitrogen content as that of the conventional fertilizer applied in rice planting.
Through test tests, compared with single application of chicken manure treatment in rice planting, the number of bacteria in plough layer soil with 0-20 cm is increased by 9.16%, the number of actinomycetes is increased by 8.51%, the microbial biomass nitrogen is increased by 2.01%, the soil organic matter is increased by 0.06%, the microbial biomass carbon is increased by 25.83%, the water-soluble carbon is increased by 17.62%, the soil urease activity is increased by 7.65%, the catalase activity is increased by 8.21%, the soil volume weight of the plough layer is reduced by 0.34%, the pH value is from 8.51 to 7.91, the cation exchange amount is increased by 0.2%, and the rice yield is increased by 17% compared with a control.
Example 11
200kg of the biochar (prepared in example 1), 200kg of humic acid, 80kg of pyroligneous liquor, 30kg of medical stone, 100kg of bentonite, 50kg of phosphogypsum, 100kg of urea, 100kg of calcium superphosphate, 100kg of potassium sulfate, 10kg of magnesium sulfate and 10kg of zinc sulfate are mixed, crushed by a 13SFS-401 type crusher (crushing time is 2 tons/hour, crushing particle size is 0.3-0.5 mm), stirred by a PJ16001 type stirrer (stirring time is 10 mim-15 min), granulated by a KHL-500 type granulator (particle size is 5mm, 1 ton/hour-2.5 tons/hour),
Drying with a drying machine (the water content after drying is 15%), and making into granular fertilizer. Before planting, the fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizer in rice planting, namely the same nitrogen content as that of the conventional fertilizer applied in rice planting.
Through test tests, compared with single application of chicken manure treatment in rice planting, the number of bacteria in plough layer soil with 0-20 cm is increased by 8.95%, the number of actinomycetes is increased by 7.76%, the microbial biomass nitrogen is increased by 1.88%, the soil organic matter is increased by 0.08%, the microbial biomass carbon is increased by 27.89%, the water-soluble carbon is increased by 13.35%, the soil urease activity is increased by 6.91%, the catalase activity is increased by 7.35%, the soil volume weight of the plough layer is reduced by 0.29%, the pH value is from 8.51 to 7.83, the cation exchange amount is increased by 0.2%, and the rice yield is increased by 16% compared with a control.
Example 12
150kg of the biochar (prepared in example 1), 250kg of humic acid, 100kg of pyroligneous liquor, 15kg of medical stone, 50kg of bentonite, 30kg of phosphogypsum, 110kg of urea, 120kg of calcium superphosphate, 110kg of potassium sulfate and 10kg of magnesium sulfate are mixed, crushed by a 13SFS-401 type crusher (the crushing time is 2 tons/hour, the crushing particle size is 0.3-0.5 mm), stirred by a PJ16001 type stirrer (the stirring time is 10 mm-15 min), granulated by a KHL-500 type granulator (the crushing time is 1 ton/hour-2.5 tons/hour, the particle size is 5mm),
Drying with a drying machine (the water content after drying is 15%), and making into granular fertilizer. Before planting, the fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil according to the nitrogen content of the same conventional fertilizer in rice planting, namely the same nitrogen content as that of the conventional fertilizer applied in rice planting.
Through test tests, compared with single application of chicken manure treatment in rice planting, the number of bacteria in plough layer soil with 0-20 cm is increased by 9.12%, the number of actinomycetes is increased by 7.66%, the microbial biomass nitrogen is increased by 1.92%, the soil organic matter is increased by 0.09%, the microbial biomass carbon is increased by 23.22%, the water-soluble carbon is increased by 16.58%, the soil urease activity is increased by 6.32%, the catalase activity is increased by 7.03%, the soil volume weight of the plough layer is reduced by 0.14%, the pH value is from 8.51 to 7.81, the cation exchange amount is increased by 0.2%, and the rice yield is increased by 18% compared with a control.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of biochar, 150-250 parts of humic acid, 30-100 parts of pyroligneous, 10-30 parts of medical stone, 50-100 parts of bentonite, 50-100 parts of phosphogypsum, 100-150 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 100-150 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 100-150 parts of potash fertilizer and 10-50 parts of trace elements.
2. The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil comprises the following components in parts by mass: 150 parts of biochar, 215 parts of humic acid, 45 parts of pyroligneous, 20 parts of medical stone, 80 parts of bentonite, 100 parts of phosphogypsum, 140 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 145 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 120 parts of potash fertilizer and 30 parts of trace elements.
3. The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the biochar is prepared by carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on a biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition;
wherein the biomass raw materials comprise a corn straw scale, corncobs, rice straws, rice husks, hemp stems, hemp residues, soybean straws, walnut shells and mushroom bran;
the temperature of the thermal cracking carbonization is 500-700 ℃; the thermal cracking carbonization time is 2-3 hours.
4. The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride and is mixed according to any proportion;
or the phosphate fertilizer is selected from one or more of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate and nitrophosphate fertilizer which are mixed according to any proportion;
or the potash fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate which are mixed according to any proportion.
5. The special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the trace element is one or two of magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate which are mixed according to any proportion.
6. The preparation method of the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on the biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition to obtain biochar;
(2) the biochar, humic acid, pyroligneous liquor, medical stone, bentonite, phosphogypsum, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and trace elements are mixed according to the mass parts, and the mixture is crushed, stirred, granulated and dried to prepare the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: in the step (1), the biochar is prepared by carrying out thermal cracking carbonization on a biomass raw material under an anaerobic condition; wherein the biomass raw materials comprise a corn straw scale, corncobs, rice straws, rice husks, hemp stems, hemp residues, soybean straws, walnut shells and mushroom bran; the temperature of the thermal cracking carbonization is 500-700 ℃; the thermal cracking carbonization time is 2-3 hours;
and after the thermal cracking and carbonization, the method also comprises the steps of carbonizing and crushing the obtained product and sieving the product by a 2mm sieve.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: in the step (2), the particle size of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer particles is 3.35-5.60 mm.
9. The application of the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in improving saline-alkali soil.
10. A method for improving saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: applying the special carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 to soil before crop planting; preferably, the application amount of the carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the saline-alkali soil is the same as that of a conventional fertilizer in terms of the nitrogen content.
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