CN106717934B

CN106717934B - Method for rapidly recovering degraded reed wetland

Info

Publication number: CN106717934B
Application number: CN201611178995.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 佟守正; 张冬杰; 安雨; 王雪宏; 齐清
Original assignee: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
Current assignee: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
Priority date: 2016-12-19
Filing date: 2016-12-19
Publication date: 2020-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-19
Also published as: CN106717934A

Abstract

A method for rapidly recovering a degraded reed wetland relates to a method for recovering a degraded reed wetland. The method aims to solve the problems that the input cost of the reed recovery method for the degraded wetland is high, the recovery is slow, the promotion is not easy, and the recovery method is single. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a degraded reed wetland in the reed wetland as a recovery area; secondly, removing dry branches and fallen leaves on the surface of the recovery area to obtain a preprocessed reed wetland recovery area; and thirdly, in 3-4 months, digging surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland restoration area, pushing the surface soil in the horizontal direction by using a bulldozer, and piling the pushed soil into discontinuous trapezoidal platform-shaped soil piles. By adopting the method, more than 85% of degraded wetland in the recovery area can be recovered in the same year, the sprouting time of the reeds in spring of the recovery area is at least advanced by 10-15 days, the height-loop ratio of the reeds is improved by 30-40cm, and the biomass is improved by more than 30%. The method is used for recovering the degraded reed wetland.

Description

Method for rapidly recovering degraded reed wetland

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for recovering a degraded reed wetland.

Background

The reed is a perennial herb of the genus Phragmites of the family Gramineae, has stoloniferous rhizome, and has two propagation modes of seed propagation and plant division propagation. The plant of the reed is tall and big, the height of the stalk can reach 3m, the diameter can reach 4cm, and the reed has 20 sections; the blade is flat, the length can reach 45cm, and the width can reach 3.5 cm; it is mainly born in the marginal zones of rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches and is widely distributed in northern wetlands in China.

The reed wetlands have important ecological functions in the aspects of wind prevention, sand fixation, biological diversity maintenance, climate regulation, water purification, soil improvement and the like, and because of the influence of climate change and unreasonable utilization modes, many reed wetlands are affected by area shrinkage, function decline and the like.

For reed wetlands, seedling cuttage, ecological water supplement and other recovery methods are mostly adopted for recovery or reconstruction at present, although the recovery methods can achieve certain recovery effects in the aspects, the community stability after recovery or reconstruction is poor, the recovery cost is high, and for reed wetlands which are degraded in large area, the conventional method for recovery which is low in cost, simple, convenient and feasible is not available except that hydrologic regulation and the like are adopted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for quickly recovering degraded reed wetland, aiming at solving the problems of high investment cost, slow recovery, difficult popularization and single recovery method of the degraded reed wetland.

The method for rapidly recovering the degraded reed wetland comprises the following steps:

selecting a reed wetland with an obvious degradation trend from the reed wetlands as a recovery area;

secondly, removing dry branches and fallen leaves on the surface of the recovery area to obtain a preprocessed reed wetland recovery area;

thirdly, digging surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland recovery area before the reed is completely thawed in the northeast of spring and before the reed sprouts (3-4 months), pushing the surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland recovery area by using a bulldozer along the horizontal direction, piling the pushed soil into a plurality of discontinuous trapezoidal platform-shaped soil piles, wherein the pushed and dug depth is 30-40 cm;

and fourthly, the height of the stacked trapezoidal platform-shaped soil pile is 25-50 cm, the organic matter content of the stacked soil is generally rich, the soil fertility is good, and the method can be used for wetland economic plant planting land.

Fifthly, the area of the transition area is set according to the area of the degraded wetland or the wetland to be recovered, and the size is not limited.

The underground roots and stems of the reeds are creeping and stretched, the roots are developed, the vitality is very strong, and the range of the root areas even exceeds the soil layer below 1 m; the region from the ground surface to the underground 30cm is the region where the root systems of the reeds are most intensively distributed, and the root systems of the reeds in the region are mostly tiny, thin and weak root systems and are also the region where the root systems of the reeds die, accumulate and concentrate. The underground area of 30cm to 40cm is the area with the most concentrated thick and strong rhizomes of reed.

According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristics of large expansion capacity and strong reproductive capacity of the roots of thick and large reeds, the thin and weak roots in the surface layer of the soil are removed through deeply ploughing the surface layer soil of the roots of the reeds, so that the thick and large roots can quickly germinate in spring and the overground part meristem time is prolonged, thereby solving the problems of wetland degradation and the like of the reeds, such as slow germination delay in spring, short and small individual growth, low biomass, low vitality and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, a deep-turning excavation removal mode is adopted, so that small and thin rootstocks of the reed roots are removed, the death is accelerated, a growth space is provided for the growth of healthy and thick root systems, the sprouting of the reed can be accelerated in spring, the meristem time of the overground part of the reed is prolonged, and the biomass of the reed is increased. The pushed soil is piled up into a discontinuous trapezoid table shape, so that on one hand, the hydrologic communication of the wetland can be kept, the detention time of a water body in the wetland is prolonged, various habitats can be created for aquatic organisms suitable for different hydrologic landforms, and a space is provided for planting economic plants of the wetland. The method can effectively prevent the reed community from degrading, can accelerate the plant community updating capability with the help of artificial auxiliary recovery measures, has obvious recovery effect on the reed community which begins to degrade, and is beneficial to wetland protection and recovery. The method is convenient to operate, low in cost and quick in recovery.

By adopting the method, more than 85% of degraded wetland in the recovery area can be recovered in the same year, the germination time of the reeds in the spring of the recovery area is at least advanced by 10-15 days, the ring height ratio of the reeds is improved by 30-40cm, and the biomass is improved by more than 30%. The recovery effect is extremely remarkable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing that the surface soil of a reed wetland restoration area is horizontally moved into a trapezoidal truncated soil pile in example 1; wherein 1 is a trapezoidal platform-shaped soil pile, 2 is the original soil surface, and 3 is the excavated soil surface.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.

The first embodiment is as follows: the method for rapidly recovering the degraded reed wetland in the embodiment comprises the following steps:

firstly, selecting a degraded reed wetland in the reed wetland as a recovery area;

thirdly, in 3-4 months, digging surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland restoration area, pushing the surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland restoration area along the horizontal direction by using a bulldozer, and piling the pushed soil into discontinuous trapezoidal platform-shaped soil piles; the digging depth is 30-40 cm;

fourthly, the height of the stacked trapezoidal truncated soil pile is 25-50 cm.

The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the depth of the excavation in step three is 35 cm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the area of the area excavated and pushed in the third step is the same as the degradation area of the reed wetland. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the height of the trapezoidal frustum-shaped soil pile piled up in the fourth step is 30-45 cm. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the height of the trapezoidal terrace-shaped soil pile piled up in the fourth step is 40 cm. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.

The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

jilin land Rover 361699.

Firstly, in 2015 and 2016, in the Momoge national level natural protection area experimental area of Jilin province, 4 reed wetland areas with obvious degradation tendency are respectively selected from large-area reed wetland to be used as recovery land.

And secondly, removing the dry branches and fallen leaves on the land for the recovery test, and facilitating the next work by utilizing a bulldozer.

Digging surface soil of a preprocessed reed wetland restoration area before reed seedlings germinate in spring (4 months earlier), pushing the surface soil of the restoration area by using a bulldozer, and piling the pushed soil into discontinuous trapezoidal platform-shaped soil piles; the digging depth is 40cm, the height of the stacked trapezoidal platform-shaped soil pile is 30cm, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 1; the 2-block recovery test was completed in 2015, and the 2-block recovery test was completed in 2016, with the land area of each block being 8m × 10 m-80 m²And the water bodies between the wetland restoration areas are connected, and the water levels are the same.

And fourthly, test results show that the spring germination time of reed vegetation in the recovery area is advanced by 10-15 days, the ring height ratio of the reeds is improved by 30-40cm, and the biomass is improved by more than 30%. By adopting a deep-turning removal method, more than 85% of degraded wetland in the recovery area can be recovered in the same year, and the recovery effect is obvious.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly recovering degraded reed wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps:

thirdly, in 3-4 months, digging surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland restoration area, pushing the surface soil of the preprocessed reed wetland restoration area along the horizontal direction by using a bulldozer, and piling the pushed soil into discontinuous trapezoidal platform-shaped soil piles; the digging depth is 35 cm;

2. The method for rapidly recovering degraded reed wetland according to claim 1, wherein the area of the area excavated and shifted in the third step is the same as the degraded area of the reed wetland.

3. The method for rapidly recovering degraded reed wetland according to claim 1, wherein the height of the trapezoidal mesa soil pile piled up in the fourth step is 30-45 cm.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the height of the trapezoidal mound of soil is 40 cm.