CN106717236A - A kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system - Google Patents
A kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to farm field and forest network comprehensive construction field, more particularly to a kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system.The coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, is process object with moderate saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that:(1)" Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches that thing is connected with north-south are excavated at the edge in salt-soda soil;(2)Irrigation canals and ditches inner side reserves polysalt bare area;(3)Three roads biology bar field is built in polysalt bare area inner side;(4)Biological bar field inner side is farmland;(5)Above-mentioned irrigation canals and ditches, biological bar field and farmland form the efficient set farm field and forest network system of protection.The technology of the present invention is workable, low cost, suitably implements in vast coastal saline-alkali area.
Description
(One)Technical field
The present invention relates to farm field and forest network comprehensive construction field, more particularly to a kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network comprehensively builds
System.
(Two)Background technology
Farm field and forest network, for adjusting farmland region miniclimate, checking winds and fixing drifting sand, mitigate and defend various natural calamities, is crops
Stable yields and high yield provide good growing environment.But coastal region salt alkali content is high, soil secondary salinization is serious, fresh water money
Source lacks, steams drop than factors such as big and Yellow River dry-ups, and the farm field and forest network construction in the region is constantly in reduced levels, particularly exists
Location more than moderate is saline and alkaline, forest network construction is based on road protection forest construction, and farm field and forest network structure is imperfect, does not have real
Safeguard function, be presented that crop growth is slow, the aggrieved phenomenon such as serious, salt-soda soil farm field and forest network builds and does not form a set of also
Completely, unified theory and technology system.Afforestation is primarily present in the farm field and forest network construction of salt-soda soil and builds difficult, kind list
First, the problems such as seed of forest and Shelterbelts structure configure imperfection and forest network tending management not in time, causes farm field and forest network protective benefitses low,
Stability is poor, and growth decline, disease pest harm is serious, has a strong impact on the integral protection function and farming produce of salt-soda soil farm field and forest network
Amount.
Current salt-soda soil farm field and forest network construction technique is more single, is mainly prevented on the basis of conventional strip raised fields site preparation
Protect a forest construction, shelter-forest 26S Proteasome Structure and Function is more weak.
(Three)The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of workable, low cost coastal region salt-soda soil
Farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, is process object with moderate saline-alkali soil, it is characterised in that:
(1)" Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches that thing is connected with north-south are excavated at the edge in salt-soda soil;
(2)Irrigation canals and ditches inner side reserves polysalt bare area;
(3)Three roads biology bar field is built in polysalt bare area inner side;
(4)Biological bar field inner side is farmland;
(5)Above-mentioned irrigation canals and ditches, biological bar field and farmland form the efficient set farm field and forest network system of protection.
The present invention is theoretical according to coastal region salt-soda soil moisture and salt regime rule and succession of plant, based on the concept of type of constructing,
The moderate saline-alkali soil section in strand, using " water channel site preparation(Water conservancy project measure)- draft-shrub-arbor(Biological control measure)-- crops
(Agricultural measures)Configuration " optimization integrated " improved the soil with salt reduction, windproof volume increase " in the salt-soda soil farm field and forest network construction technique of one, i.e.,
After high standard water channel raised fields site preparation, different plant materials are being configured on the different bar field of height respectively near the side of raised fields
Material, finally carries out the plantation of crops on the raised fields in arbor shelter belt;Can effectively solve salt-soda soil shelter-forest survival rate it is low,
The problem that the earth's surface accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious, structure function is unstable, greatly improves trees surviving rate and storage rate, serves preferably pressure
Alkali presses down salt functional, beneficial to the stabilization of salt-soda soil farm field and forest network 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, rises and has beaten preferable protection benefit.
More excellent technical scheme of the invention is:
Bar field edge is provided with and encloses low bank between fields, encloses width 0.5m on low bank between fields, lower 1.0m wide, height 0.5m, the ratio of slope 0.75.
Step(1)In, irrigation canals and ditches length is at least longer than corresponding more than farmland length 5m, upper 8-10m wide, lower 2-3m wide, the gradient
Than 0.75, canal bottom to road surface depth is in 4-5m;To form effective farm field and forest network, irrigation canals and ditches are that spacing is the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches 2 of 75m
It is individual, or spacing is 3, the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches of 50m, irrigation canals and ditches correspondence East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches in north-south are set, used as an efficient farmland woods
Net the set system of protection.
Step(2)In, the path that width is 1.5-2.0m is built in the side that polysalt bare area closes on irrigation canals and ditches.
Step(3)In, the width in three roads biology bar field is followed successively by 2.0-3.0m, 3.0-4.0m, 10.0- from low to high
15.0m, bar field height increases 0.5m successively, and the ratio of slope is 0.75.
Step(5)In, biological bar field and farmland construction are farm field and forest network, and east orientation XiLin net spacing is 2, the forest belt of 75m,
Or spacing is 3, the forest belt of 50m, north-south forest belt interval setting, farm field and forest network specifications control is 150m in main forest belt spacing, secondary
Forest belt spacing is 300m.
Step(3)In, from low to high, the herbaceous plant of the life of first biological bar field plantation salt or salt tolerant, second is biological
Shrub band based on bar field plantation halophytes, the mixed friendship based on biological bar of the 3rd road field plantation salt tolerant trees Chinese wax and bamboo willow
Woods, and configure tall shrub stereoscopic configurations pattern.
Step(3)In, a drainage ditch is respectively built in bar field side and center section, and the design parameter of drainage ditch is width
50cm, deep 20cm, the ratio of slope 0.75.
Step(1)In, operation path is built in the middle of irrigation canals and ditches.
Concept of the present invention based on type of constructing, afforestation and soil preparation and forest network that the technology emphasis is built to salt-soda soil farm field and forest network
The key member technologies such as structure configuration are researched and developed, theoretical according to salt-soda soil moisture and salt regime and biotic succession, are improved the soil from salt reduction
The engineering measure of implementation, the effective configuration of forest network structure level and longitudinal direction are set out, and are built moderate saline-alkali soil farm field and forest network and are comprehensively built
Technology.
Advantages of the present invention is mainly manifested in:The single bar raised fields site preparation way in traditional varieties in saline-alkali areas is abandoned, by tradition
Raised fields be divided into the multi-level shelter belt of stepped tall shrub stereoscopic configurations, greatly improve trees surviving rate and preservation
Rate, has reached the function that salt reduction is improved the soil, and it is key really to form " the water conservancy project measure-biological control measure-agricultural measures " of high standard
The farm field and forest network configuration mode of key element, farmland protection benefit is greatly improved;The technology of the present invention is workable, low cost, suitably
Implement in vast coastal saline-alkali area.
(Four)Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is vertical section structure schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is planar structure schematic diagram of the invention.
In figure, 1 irrigation canals and ditches, 2 polysalt bare areas, 3 fields one, 4 fields two, 5 fields three, 6 farmlands, 7 enclose low bank between fields, 8 operation paths, 9
Drainage ditch, A water conservancy project measures, B biological control measures, C agricultural measures.
(Five)Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
1. the soil alkaline environment in location
The present invention will be applied to coastal region moderate salinization of soil location, and arable layer total salt content exists in 0.3%-0.6%, pH value
Between 8.5-9.5.The soil weight is in 1.4g/cm3-1.6 g/cm3.Vegetation coverage is saline and alkaline with what is be sporadicly distributed below 20%
Based on weeds.
2. bar raised fields engineering technology is built
It is to improve crop yield because coastal region salt alkali content is high, needs to carry out certain engineering in moderate saline-alkali soil whole
Ground.Mainly carry out the site preparation of water channel-bar field-raised fields.(1)Component 1:" Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches.Change from beneficial to farmland protection and salt reduction
The function of soil is set out, and need to excavate " Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches that thing and north-south are linked, and water channel is integrally dispersed in north side and east side, water
Canal parameter is:Length is carried out according to the length and width in the farmland and forest network of implementing location, but at least longer than final correspondence farmland
More than length 5m, upper 8-10 m wide, lower 2-3 m wide, the ratio of slope 0.75, canal bottom to road surface depth is in 4-5m;It is effective to be formed
Farm field and forest network, it is 2, the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches of 75m that need to control spacing is set, or spacing is 3, the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches of 50m, north and south
Set to irrigation canals and ditches correspondence East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches, this set system protected as an efficient farm field and forest network;(2)Component 2:Polysalt is naked
Ground, can also also serve as road.It is convenient for production for ease of agriculture and forestry, while rise beneficial to salinity, polysalt salt discharge, close to the one of irrigation canals and ditches
The path that broadband is 1.5-2.0m is built in side;(3)Component 3-5:Biological bar field.Close to path side, 3 highly different roads are built
" bar field ", bar field length sets according to the length of farmland construction, and bar field width is followed successively by 2.0-3.0m from low to high;3.0-
4.0m;10.0-15.0m;Bar field height increases 0.5m successively;The ratio of slope is 0.75;(4)Component 6:Farmland.Close to last
Road bar field is farmland construction, and length and broadband are configured according to actual land used and shelter-forest sizing grid, need to collect to build jointly
It is 2, the forest belt of 75m into East and West direction forest network spacing, or spacing is 3, the forest belt of 50m, north-south forest belt space set is overall
Farm field and forest network lattice specifications control is 150m in main forest belt spacing, and by-forest belt spacing is in 300m;(5)Component 7:Enclose low bank between fields.At each
Field or the edge of raised fields, to store rainwater and preventing erosion, are respectively provided with and enclose low bank between fields, upper 0.5m wide, lower 1.0m wide, height
0.5m, the ratio of slope 0.75.
3. agricultural protection forest configuring technical
Because of the three roads biology bar field for setting and a farmland, this 4 components, because level of ground water height is different, cause salt content to have
Different, is reduced to raised fields salt content high from low bar field with this, therefore 3 bar field components from low to high, is respectively configured not
Same biological control measure, and each component avoids the configuration of single plant material, forms horizontal structure and vertical stratification is significant
Composite organisms.Concrete configuration is the herbaceous plant that 3 kinds of component plants salt life or salt tolerant(Vegetable material is so that indigenous plant alkali is fluffy
It is main, association glasswort, sweet wormwood etc.), form the fluffy community zone of alkali;4 kinds of component plants the shrub band based on halophytes Chinese tamarisk(Shrub tree
Plant based on indigenous plant Chinese tamarisk, and based on the Chinese tamarisk new varieties salt pine of coastal region newly cultivation;Association Nitraria tangutorum and
Salix monogolica etc., horizontal arrangement herbaceous plant with alkali it is fluffy based on), form the fluffy shrub community zone of Chinese tamarisk-alkali;5 kinds of plant salt tolerant trees of component
Mixed forest based on Chinese wax and bamboo willow, and configure tall shrub stereoscopic configurations pattern(Wherein shrub and draft are with the plant in above-mentioned bar field
Based on thing), form tall filling and mix friendship, the shelterbelt network of tall shrub stereoscopic configurations.The planting area staple crops of component 6, for example
Yellow River delta region is based on Wheat and Corn and Cotton etc..
4. farm field and forest network afforestation technique parameter
After engineering site preparation, retaining pressure salt can be carried out in spring or autumn, water-storage depth is controlled in 2-3cm, by steaming naturally
Hair, carries out the horizontal and vertical of vegetable material and matches somebody with somebody when soil weight water content drops to 15% or so, on the road bar field components of Ke tri-
Put.
On first field of component 3, draft plantation is carried out, can directly carry out the plant of the draft such as fluffy alkali, glasswort or sweet wormwood
The fluffy application rate of the mixed seeding of thing, wherein alkali accounts for more than 50%, depth of planting in 3-4cm, thickness of sowing control 600-800 plants/
m2。
On the second bar field of component 4, the shrub band plantation based on shrub Chinese tamarisk is carried out, and configure Nitraria tangutorum and sand
Willow, wherein Chinese tamarisk seeds account for more than 50%, and planting density is seeding row spacing 1.0m × 1.5m, and line number is controlled in 2-3 rows.
On the road article field of component 5 the 3rd, agricultural protection forest is built, reproducting tree species and grass seeds are with the component 5 in above-mentioned 3
Configuration seeds.Mixed friendship is filled using isosceles triangle is tall, underwood planting herbaceous plant, draft thickness of sowing is controlled in 300-400 plants/m2,
Depth of planting is in 3-4cm.Planting density is shrub spacing in the rows 1.0m, and arbor spacing in the rows is 2.0m;Line-spacing is 1.5m;Line number control exists
It is more than at least 4 rows;Shelter strip breadth is at least in more than 8.0m;Forest belt is moved towards, and main forest belt is with perpendicular to the main harmful wind north wind of coastal region
Based on, by-forest belt with based on the coastal region east wind, wherein the main forest belt spacing of overall forest network is 150m, by-forest belt spacing
In 300m, i.e., can gather 2, forest belt for building up that East and West direction forest belt spacing is 75m, or spacing is 3, the forest belt of 50m, north-south
Forest belt space set, this is also the main cause for setting " Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches and forest belt;Formed density 0.25-0.30 it
Between.
Wherein component 3 and 4, i.e., first field and Article 2 field primarily serve the function that salt reduction is improved the soil, and effectively reduce ground
Lower water level, for the growth of the Article 3 Tian Qiao of component 5, shrub species provides good growing environment;And the Article 2 field of component 4 can
Earth's surface wind speed is effectively reduced, the natural evaporation to the Article 3 field of component 5 also plays good inhibiting effect, effectively inhibits ground
The table accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Above-mentioned component 3-5 is formed and is successively reduced groundwater level, is served preferable salt reduction and is improved the soil effect, forms level
The compound bio perfect with vertical stratification constructs protection body, the farm field and forest network system can play preferably improve agricultural microclimate,
Lowering of watertable, suppression surface evaporation, have played stronger integrated protection efficiency.
5. other micro structures
1)Component 8:Operation path.The road of one fixed width can be built in the middle of irrigation canals and ditches, is beneficial to that agriculture and forestry are easy to operate to be defined;2)
Component 9:Drainage ditch.On bar field from low to high, a drainage ditch is respectively built in bar field side and middle part, to conserve water and soil
With prevent erosion.Drainage ditch design parameter is:Width 50cm, deep 20cm, the ratio of slope 0.75.
6. farm field and forest network system
It is to form effective farm field and forest network protection system, it is above-mentioned single to construct type(Single irrigation canals and ditches, forest belt and farmland)Shelter-forest body
System, in specific laying, according to forest network length and width, need to be the forest belt of 75m at least provided with East and West direction forest belt, irrigation canals and ditches spacing
2, or forest belt, irrigation canals and ditches spacing be 3, the forest belt of 50m, north-south irrigation canals and ditches can be correspondingly arranged, and north-south forest belt can be spaced and set
Put, overall with main forest belt spacing as 150m, by-forest belt spacing is principle in 300m, can so form an efficient set of protection
Farm field and forest network system.
Summary on technology and effect analysis:
1. Summary on technology
In moderate littoral saline and alkaline location, in 0.3%-0.6%, pH value is between 8.5-9.5 for arable layer total salt content.Soil holds
Focus on 1.4g/cm3-1.6 g/cm3.1)Component 1:" Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches build.It is required that irrigation canals and ditches must be arranged to " Γ " type structure, keep away
Exempt from single bar ditch construction, while width, bottom width, trench depth and the ratio of slope are required to certain technical parameter requirement on irrigation canals and ditches;
2)Component 2-5:Bar field and raised fields build:Close to water channel, set gradually from low to high for:Polysalt bare area(Road)- three roads are biological
The engineering site preparation measure in bar field-farmland, each bar field component has the technical parameters such as certain broadband, interval height and the ratio of slope
It is required that;3)The biomaterial configuration of component 3-5:The synthesis that the bar field of three road different heights carries out agricultural protection forest material respectively is matched somebody with somebody
Put, it is shelterbelt network based on draft, shrub and arbor to set gradually from low to high, is configured to horizontal structure and vertical junction
The significant composite organisms of structure, primarily serve reduction groundwater level, salt reduction pressure alkali step by step and improve the soil, change moisture-salt transport and protection agriculture
Field benefit.Important technological parameters are:The selection of vegetable material kind, proportioning, the density of plantation, forest belt line number etc..4)The farm field and forest network of component 5
Arrange parameter:Move towards with perpendicular to the main harmful wind of coastal region in tall shrub stereoscopic configurations, seeding row spacing 1.0-2.0m × 1.5m, forest belt
North wind(Main forest belt)With coastal east wind to(By-forest belt)Based on, i.e., forest belt is arranged entirely around " Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches correspondence;Forest belt row
More than at least 4 rows, shelter strip breadth is at least in more than 8.0m for numerical control system;Main forest belt spacing is 150m, and by-forest belt spacing is in 300m
Between;Shelterbelt porosity is in 0.25-0.30. 5)The setting of other micro structures:Predominantly low bank between fields, irrigation canals and ditches are enclosed on bar field and raised fields
Centre is beneficial to the road of agriculture and forestry operation, from low to high the drainage ditch on bar field, and above micro structures have certain technical parameter
It is required that.6)Farm field and forest network system construction:Attached Fig. 1 and 2 constructs type for single(Single irrigation canals and ditches, forest belt and farmland)Shelterbelt network,
In specific laying, 2, the forest belt of 75m need to be at least provided with East and West direction forest belt, irrigation canals and ditches spacing, or forest belt, irrigation canals and ditches spacing are equal
It is 3, the forest belt of 50m, north-south irrigation canals and ditches can be correspondingly arranged, and north-south forest belt space set, it is overall to be with main forest belt spacing
150m, by-forest belt spacing is principle in 300m, can form efficient farm field and forest network system.
2. effect analysis
(1)Salt reduction suppression alkali effect is strong
By implementing " Γ " type water channel, and the band salt life of bar field or salt tolerant herbaceous plant, shrub planting and tall shrub etc.
The plant of vegetable material, shrub bar field band can be down to 0.2% after implementing 2 years, and tall shrub shelter-forest raised fields can be down to less than 0.1%,
Soil porosity improves more than 30%, and farmland is reached below slight alkaline land, can carry out normal agriculture and forestry plantation.
(2)Vegetable material survival rate and storage rate are high, and growth traits is preferable
After implementing 3 years, bar field band vegetation coverage reaches more than 85%, the survival rate and storage rate of shrub species reach 80% with
On, up to more than 85%, Canopy densities are up to more than 70% for arbor species.
(3)Protective benefitses are good
After implementing comprehensive technical measure, the average wind-break potency in forest belt improves more than 25%, and farmland air themperature is averagely reduced in forest network
0.5 DEG C, relative air humidity averagely increases by 8%, and farming operation layer water content increases by more than 5%, salt content reduction by more than 80%.It is main
Wanting crops Wheat and Corn and Cotton can increase production more than 15%, 10% and 8% respectively.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of coastal region salt-soda soil farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, is process object with moderate saline-alkali soil, and its feature exists
In:(1)" Γ " type irrigation canals and ditches that thing is connected with north-south are excavated at the edge in salt-soda soil;(2)It is naked that irrigation canals and ditches inner side reserves polysalt
Ground;(3)Three roads biology bar field is built in polysalt bare area inner side;(4)Biological bar field inner side is farmland;(5)Above-mentioned irrigation canals and ditches, biological bar field
The efficient set farm field and forest network system of protection is formed with farmland.
2. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:The bar
Field edge is provided with and encloses low bank between fields, encloses width 0.5m on low bank between fields, lower 1.0m wide, height 0.5m, the ratio of slope 0.75.
3. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(1)In, irrigation canals and ditches length at least longer than more than correspondence farmland length 5m, upper 8-10m wide, lower 2-3m wide, the ratio of slope 0.75, canal bottom is extremely
Road surface depth is in 4-5m.
4. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(1)In, irrigation canals and ditches are that spacing is 2, the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches of 75m, or spacing is 3, the East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches of 50m, north-south irrigation canals and ditches pair
East and West direction irrigation canals and ditches are answered to set.
5. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(2)In, the path that width is 1.5-2.0m is built in the side that polysalt bare area closes on irrigation canals and ditches.
6. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(3)In, the width in three roads biology bar field is followed successively by 2.0-3.0m, 3.0-4.0m, 10.0-15.0m from low to high, bar field height according to
Secondary increase 0.5m, the ratio of slope is 0.75.
7. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(5)In, biological bar field and farmland construction are farm field and forest network, and east orientation XiLin net spacing is 2, the forest belt of 75m, or spacing is 50m's
3, forest belt, north-south forest belt interval setting, farm field and forest network specifications control is 150m in main forest belt spacing, and by-forest belt spacing is
300m。
8. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(3)In, from low to high, the herbaceous plant of the life of first biological bar field plantation salt or salt tolerant, the field plantation salt life of second biology bar
Shrub band based on plant, the arbor mixed forest based on biological bar of the 3rd road field plantation salt tolerant trees Chinese wax and bamboo willow, and configure
Tall shrub stereoscopic configurations pattern.
9. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(3)In, a drainage ditch is respectively built in bar field side and center section, and the design parameter of drainage ditch is width 50cm, deep 20cm, slope
Degree compares 0.75.
10. coastal region salt-soda soil according to claim 1 farm field and forest network synthesis constructive system, it is characterised in that:Step
(1)In, operation path is built in the middle of irrigation canals and ditches.
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CN109156108A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 | A kind of soil alkaline ground comprehensive processing method |
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