CN104982214B - A kind of method for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture - Google Patents
A kind of method for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN104982214B CN104982214B CN201510460664.0A CN201510460664A CN104982214B CN 104982214 B CN104982214 B CN 104982214B CN 201510460664 A CN201510460664 A CN 201510460664A CN 104982214 B CN104982214 B CN 104982214B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The present invention relates to dune-fixating forestation industry technology fields, and in particular to a kind of method for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture.Including following operating procedure：(1) selection in seedbed and the processing of cultivation matrix；(2) acquisition and processing of cuttings；(3) selection of cutting time and cottage method determine；(4) water and fertilizer management after cuttage；(5) outplanting is afforested.The present invention can significantly improve husky wooden knotweed cuttage survival rate, reduce production cost, improve productivity effect.Implementation is practical, suitable for field large area cuttage and seedling culture, can provide a large amount of high-quality husky wooden knotweed nursery stocks for dune-fixating forestation in a short time, have very strong operability and practical value, wide market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sand prevention afforestation industry technology fields, and in particular to a kind of side for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture
Method.
Background technology
Husky wood knotweed (Atraphaxis frutescens) is polygonaceae wood Polygonum shrub, be distributed mainly on the Inner Mongol, Ningxia,
The ground such as Gansu, Qinghai.With being common in semi-fixed sandy land and half-desert the foot of a mountain of belt thin layer quick sand, hilly upland, sandy river valley
Alluvial land or dry wash also see the gravel matter gobi area of steppificated desert band.There is husky wood knotweed weather-proof, resistance to sand to bury, is resistance to
Barren good characteristic can adapt to harsh climate environmental condition, and well developed root system, water absorbing capacity is strong, under the conditions of sand buries
A large amount of adventitious roots can be sprouted, form intensive root system net, there is good sand fixation.Husky wood knotweed is not only excellent plant of fixing the sand
Object, and be good forage plant.Although husky wood knotweed has important ecology and economic value, ten are developed to it
Divide limited.Husky wood knotweed seed-setting is more, but its flowering duration is long, fruit maturation Time Inconsistency, should not carry out a large amount of
Harvesting, and seed plumpness is poor, and germination percentage is low, in production frequently with the method for cuttage and seedling culture.Although husky wooden knotweed is opened
Some study on introduction have been opened up, but systematic research and summary were not carried out to its cuttage raise seedling technique, large area is caused to give birth to
The husky wooden knotweed cuttage survival rate of production is low, and production cost is high.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of practical, have very strong operability, can be notable
Husky wooden knotweed cuttage survival rate is improved, reduces production cost, it is husky that a large amount of high quality seedlings can be provided in a short time for dune-fixating forestation
The method of the cuttage and seedling culture of wooden knotweed.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides following technical scheme：It is a kind of to be adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture
Method, including following operating procedure：
(1) seedbed selection and cultivation matrix processing：Selection physical features is flat, and draining is good, and it is convenient to irrigate, convenient for the soil of management
Ground selects sandy loam and aeolian sandy soil to be advisable as nursery, cuttage cultivation substrate, and cutting medium will carry out disinfection and deep plough carefully
Make, 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 times of aqueous solutions are sprayed before ploughing and carry out soil disinfection.Farm manure can be applied per acre
Then (decomposed) 1000~1500kg is carried out ploughing deeply soil, farm manure is ploughed under in ground, remove weeds, is finally flattened with thin rake,
And it is suppressed.20cm vacant lots are stayed between nursery upper berth unregistered land film, mulch before cuttage, in order to nursery stock cuttage and daily pipe
Reason etc..
(2) acquisition and processing of cuttings：Cuttings is in the fall or the non-flow progresses row of spring sap gathers, and selects 1~2 year
Raw stalwartness branch is as cuttings, and cutting length 15cm, upper cut is concordant, upper cut away from staying bud 2~3 at 1~2cm of top, under
Notch is tiltedly cut, in the shape of a hoof.The cuttings sheared is placed in cellar or buried and is stored in the damp soil of ground, together
When can play the role of vernalization.
(3) cutting time and cottage method：In arid-desert area, mid-April temperature go up after, when reaching 18~20 DEG C into
Row cuttage and seedling culture.Cuttings before cuttage with 0.5% dioxygen water sterilization 20min, then rinsed well with clear water.With slotting coning row
Then cuttings is inserted into mulch by perforate by 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing, cuttage depth 12cm or so stays 1~2 bud above.Skewer
It is filled a vacancy with aeolian sandy soil after inserting, is treaded with foot, soil is made to be in close contact with cuttings.
(4) managed after cuttage：It pours water in time after cuttage, pours water want tank saturating for the first time, it is later big according to weather condition
It is irrigated once within about 8~10 days, irrigation frequency starts to reduce after second month, if temperature is higher to set up shading net progress
Shading, can also be sprayed if having ready conditions with equipment such as sprayers, increase air humidity, reduce cuttings loss of water, be promoted
Into taking root, remove the weeds out from jack in time in rooting process, reduce the competition to soil moisture and nutrient, with profit
It takes root in nursery stock.Husky wood knotweed growth is rapid, pinches when highly reaching 50~60cm, to cultivate high-quality strong sprout.
(5) husky wooden knotweed goes out garden afforestation：After husky wood knotweed cutting survival, to fall foliage after can carry out pick seedling, husky wood knotweed root system
Prosperity will retain more lateral root, to improve the surrival rate of afforestation, be finally planted in ground moistening as far as possible deeply when digging seedling
Husky territory in carry out overwintering, next year can afforest, and also pick seedling afforestation can be carried out after thawing by spring soil then.Husky wood knotweed
Reproducing area generally based on semi-mobile dune, secondly for sand bed it is deep cover sand ground, on moving dunes afforestation first to lay it is viscous
Native sand-protecting barrier or straw checkerboard barrier sand-protecting barrier, then afforest in grid, to prevent the Effects of Soil Wind Erosion surrival rate of afforestation.By sand dune soil
The influence of earth moisture, density of plantation strain is typically small, and seeding row spacing is 3 × 3m.Husky wood knotweed Afforestation Time is generally in late March and 4
It in the first tenday period of a month moon, using hole afforestation method is opened, pours water, is irrigated again after 20 days once i.e. viable in time after afforestation.Husky wood knotweed sand ground
The surrival rate of afforestation is very high, generally more than 95%.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with specific example, to this hair
It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific example described herein is only used to explain the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
A kind of method for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture, including following operating procedure：
(1) cuttings selects：Growth selection is healthy and strong, and degree of lignification is high, and 1~2 year raw branch of no disease and pests harm is as slotting
Fringe.
(2) cuttings acquisition time and specification：After falling leaves in the fall or spring sap flow progresses row adopts fringe, and autumn adopts fringe
After to be placed in cellar and carry out Sand culture.In arid-desert area, late March to the non-flow progresses row acquisition of early April sap
It is advisable, chooses 1~2 year raw healthy and strong branch of the diameter in 0.3~1.0cm, be cut into the cuttings of long 15cm, then tied up and put with rope
In in cellar, covered with the aeolian sandy soil of moistening above or buried cuttings in moistening in sandy loam, buried depth 20cm is treated
Cuttings is taken out after ground temperature rise and carries out cuttage.
(3) cuttage seedbed and matrix：Selectively gesture is flat in cuttage seedbed, and draining is good, irrigates convenient husky territory.First
Soil disinfection is carried out with 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of aqueous solutions, by garden is ploughed deeply, removes weeds in field, so
Basal dressing afterwards is raked with rake, finally the distance 20cm between cuttage seeding bed unregistered land film, mulch, so as to behaviour such as cuttage, weedings
Make and manage.
(4) cottage method and seeding row spacing：The preference temperature of husky wood knotweed cuttage exists between 18~20 DEG C in arid-desert area
Mid-April carries out cuttage.With slotting coning row jack, jack and ground in 45° angle, cuttage depth 12cm or so, stay 1 above ground~
2 buds, 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing, it is husky, steady and sure to be covered after cuttage.
(5) managed after cuttage：It watering in time after cuttage, head water will irrigate, and pour water once every 8~10 days later,
Frequency of irrigation gradually decreases after one month.10 days 400 times of 40% carbendazol wettable powders of spray are water-soluble after cuttage, prevent germ sense
Dye.If running into the temperature higher time, shading net should be set up and shaded.Husky wood knotweed is taken root comparatively fast, and bud starts to extract out within 15 days,
Callus is formed, and starts to take root within 25 days or so.
The height of husky wood knotweed survival rate is related with cuttings age and cuttings processing mode in the present invention.
Example is embodied：
Example 1
1~2 year raw branch to grow fine is selected, the cuttings of length 15cm is cut into, 2~3 buds is stayed below upper cut, put down
It cuts, lower cut is tiltedly cut, and in the shape of a hoof, cuttings acquisition time is March 5, and three kinds of stored manners of the cuttings of acquisition point are stored up
It hides, i.e., cellar is stored, sandy loam sand buries storage and aeolian sandy soil sand buries storage, and concrete operation method is：1. cellar is stored：In cellar
The aeolian sandy soil of middle berth 30cm, sand humidity (are held by hand a wet sand, sand does not drip when firmly holding, and unclamps sand group for 60%
Do not scatter again), cuttings is laid on sand, then in upper one layer of wet sand of cover, thickness 20cm all covers cuttings, on
Face spreads one layer of woven straw and keeps humidity.2. sandy loam Sand culture：It selects area without shade physical features flat, fills the husky territory for water of passing the winter,
The hole for digging depth 40cm carries out Sand culture, and the length and width in hole are determined according to cuttings quantity, the cuttings sheared are flat in hole, then
It is covered with the sandy loam of moistening.3. aeolian sandy soil Sand culture：The fixed dune of selection on the sunny side, digs pit in sand dune side, cheats
Then cuttings is flat in hole by deep 40cm, length and width depending on cuttings quantity, while sprinkling water toward in cheating, while burying sand, cheat
It is equal with ground, it is periodically checked, keeps sand storage ground moistening.Husky territory is selected after temperature rise, with 25% carbendazim
800 times of aqueous solutions of wettable powder carry out soil disinfection, are ploughed deeply, and remove weeds in field, are laid with unregistered land film, the spacing of mulch
From 20cm, then each processing cuttings is carried out disinfection processing, then with inserting 45 ° of cone perforate, jack and ground angle, cuttage plant
Away from 10 × 15cm, cuttings is inserted into jack, depth 12cm or so, 1~2 bud is stayed above ground, then fills up jack with aeolian sandy soil,
It is treaded with foot.It pours water after cuttage, poured water once every 8~10 days or so later immediately, frequency of irrigation gradually decreases after one month,
Take root and growth period it is noted that weeds remove, suitably apply fertilizer mid-July to mid-August, control water carried out after late August, stop
Fertilising promotes nursery stock lignifying, enhances resistance.
Statistics germination percentage after two months, storage husky wooden knotweed survival rate in cellar is 88.11%, and sandy loam storage survival rate is
77.78%, dust storm soil storage survival rate is 65.3%, and husky wooden knotweed survival rate is stored as highest using cellar.It is sent out during cuttage
Existing sandy loam sand storage cuttings callus has begun to be formed, and quantity is more, and aeolian sandy soil sand storage has a small amount of callus, ground
That is stored in cellar for storing things does not form root tissues, but rooting rate highest, shows that callus is formed and is closed with temperature height and variation
System is close, and cellar temperature is constant, and outdoor sand storage temperature Change is larger, and especially daytime, ground temperature is higher, promotes husky wooden knotweed and is cured
The formation of injured tissue.
Example 2
Grow fine 1 year raw branch, 2 years raw branches and triennial branch are selected respectively as cuttage material, cuttings shearing
Mode and specification are the same as example 1.Cuttings acquisition time is April 5.The cuttings of acquisition is placed in sand storage in the sandy loam of moistening, is treated
Husky territory is selected to be ploughed deeply after temperature rise, soil disinfection, paving are carried out with 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of aqueous solutions
If unregistered land film, each processing cuttings is carried out disinfection processing, then carries out cuttage by distance 20cm between mulch, slotting with slotting cone perforate
Cuttings, in 45° angle, is inserted into jack, depth 12cm or so, cuttage 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing is then filled out with aeolian sandy soil by hole with ground
Sky is treaded with foot.It pours water after cuttage, poured water once every 8~10 days or so after pouring water immediately, frequency of irrigation is gradual after one month
It reduces, growth period eradicates the daily managements such as grass in carrying out in time.Statistics cuttage survival rate, 1 year raw branch skewer after two months
It is 75.56% to be inserted into motility rate, and raw branch cutting survival rate is 76.39% within 2 years, and triennial branch cutting survival rate is only
62.22%.In production practices, it should using 1~2 year raw branch as cuttage material, to improve cuttage survival rate.
Example 3
Selecting 1~2 year raw branch to grow fine, cuttings cut mode and specification, cuttings acquisition time is 4 with example 1
The moon 5, the cuttings sheared is imbedded in the sandy loam of moistening for use.To mid-April, cuttage is carried out after temperature rise.Experiment
Soil is the common sandy loam in arid-desert area and aeolian sandy soil.The design method of aeolian sandy soil cutting medium is, by the soil on husky territory
Earth is removed, and deep 30cm, width and mulch are consistent, and length is determined according to cuttage cultivating seedling quantity, then by the aeolian sandy soil on sand dune
It fills out in the hole dug in advance, having peace of mind is filled and led up, and also can be directly selected on aeolian sandy soil and be carried out cuttage.April 20, in two types
Soil on carry out cuttage respectively, specific cuttage and management method are the same as example 2.Cuttage investigates survival rate, dust storm after two months
Native survival rate is 82.65%, and sandy loam cuttage survival rate is 79.65%.Show that two kinds of cutting medium rooting rates are higher, dust storm
Native cuttage survival rate rate is slightly above sandy loam, therefore sandy loam and aeolian sandy soil are the preferable matrix of husky wooden knotweed cuttage.
Example 4
The wooden knotweed branch of the good sand of 1~2 year growth potential, cuttings cut mode and specification are chosen with example 1, when cuttings gathers
Between be March 5.The rugosity of acquisition cuttings is measured with vernier caliper, be divided into thick 0.7~1cm, in thick 0.5~0.7cm, thin by 0.36
~0.5cm, the cuttings of superfine (below 0.3cm) four type.In the aeolian sandy soil of cellar middle berth 30cm, sand humidity 60% (is used
Hand grabs a wet sand, and sand does not drip when firmly holding, and unclamps sand group and does not scatter again), cuttings is laid on sand, Ran Houyong
Aeolian sandy soil covering is moistened, thickness 20cm covers woven straw and keeps humidity above.Sand soil is selected after temperature rise, with
25% 800 times of carbendazol wettable powder aqueous solution carries out soil disinfection, is then ploughed deeply, and is laid with unregistered land film, then will be each
Processing cuttings carries out disinfection and cuttage, 10 × 15cm of seeding row spacing.With slotting cone perforate, 45 ° of jack and ground angle, then by cuttings
Jack, depth 12cm or so is inserted into, 1~2 bud is stayed above, is then filled a vacancy with aeolian sandy soil, treaded with foot, it is ensured that soil and cuttings
It is in close contact, pours water immediately after inserting, water and fertilizer management is the same as example 2.Statistics nursery stock cuttage survival rate, thick cuttings survive after two months
Rate 76.5%, middle cuttings 85.45%, thin cuttings 79.11%, superfine 51.52%, show cuttage of the cuttings rugosity with IR intermediate rough
Survival rate highest, too thin cuttings cuttage survival rate are relatively low.
After husky wood knotweed cutting survival, to fall foliage after can carry out pick seedling, husky wood knotweed well developed root system digs Miao Yaoshen, to the greatest extent may be used
More lateral root can be retained, to improve the surrival rate of afforestation, the husky territory being finally planted in ground moistening carries out overwintering, next year
Can afforest, also can then spring soil thaw after, sap flow progresses row pick seedling afforestation.Husky wood knotweed reproducing area generally with
Based on semi-mobile dune, secondly for sand bed it is deep cover sand ground, on moving dunes afforestation first to lay clay sand-protecting barrier or grass
Grid sand-protecting barrier, then afforests in grid, to prevent the Effects of Soil Wind Erosion surrival rate of afforestation.Husky wood knotweed Afforestation Time generally exists
Late March and early April, 3 × 3m of seeding row spacing.It first ditches during afforestation, the size of ditch is determined according to nursery stock size, then by husky wood
Knotweed aligns by row, while burying soil, while being treaded with foot, pours water immediately after plant, first time water will irrigate, and one is irrigated again after 20 days
Secondary nursery stock, that is, viable.Straw checkerboard barrier is similar with clay sand-protecting barrier afforestation, can afforest 1 plant every 3 grids in straw checkerboard barrier, to prevent Sha Mu
There is the death that decays after growing up due to Different Soil Water Deficits in knotweed.Husky wood knotweed is afforested on fixed semifixed dune, and survival rate is up to
More than 95%.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
With all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method for being adapted to husky wooden knotweed cuttage and seedling culture, which is characterized in that including following operating procedure：(1) seedbed selection and cutting medium processing；Seedbed select and the method for cutting medium processing for, husky wood knotweed cuttage and seedling culture Select draining good, physical features is flat, irrigation is convenient, manages convenient plot, and soil is based on sandy loam and aeolian sandy soil, skewer Slotting matrix to carry out disinfection and deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, and 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 400 times of aqueous solutions are sprayed before ploughing and carry out soil Disinfection；1000~1500kg of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied per acre, carries out ploughing deeply soil, farm manure is ploughed under in ground, removes field Then weeds are flattened with thin rake, and carry out appropriate suppression；Before cuttage in cuttage and seedling culture on spread unregistered land film, stay between mulch 20cm vacant lots；(2) cuttings acquisition and processing；The acquisition of cuttings is with processing method：1~2 year raw healthy and strong branch is selected to be inserted as cuttings Spike length 15cm, lower cut are tiltedly cut, and in the shape of a hoof, upper cut straight snips, upper cut is away from staying bud 2~3 at 1~2cm of top；Cuttings will Carry out ground Sand culture or cellar Sand culture；(3) cutting time selection and cottage method determine；Cutting time select and cottage method for：It is husky in arid-desert area Wooden knotweed cutting time is selected in the early and middle ten days in April after ground temperature gos up, and must not be later than April 20 at the latest；Cuttings is used before cuttage 0.5% dioxygen water sterilization 20min, is then rinsed well with clear water；With slotting cone perforate on mulch, hole is with ground in 45 ° of folders Angle, cuttage line-spacing are 15cm, spacing in the rows 10cm, then fill up jack with aeolian sandy soil, and are treaded with foot；(4) water and fertilizer management after cuttage；Insert after management method be：It fills permeable after cuttage in time, is irrigated with small water, and The mouth of a river is laid with canopy film, pours water once every 8~10 days afterwards, irrigation frequency gradually decreases after one month；In mid-July to August The middle ten days applies fertilizer, and top dressing is carried out with nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, and fertilising is a small amount of multiple, and progress synchronous with watering, late August suitably control water later, And stop applying fertilizer, to improve nursery stock degree of lignification；It weeds with a hoe in time during seedling growth；(5) outplanting is afforested；Husky wood knotweed goes out the method afforested in garden and is：After husky wood knotweed cutting survival, to fall foliage after carry out Seedling is dug, husky wood knotweed well developed root system wants deep when digging seedling, retains more lateral root as far as possible, to improve the surrival rate of afforestation, finally by it It is planted and is carried out in the husky territory of ground moistening overwintering, the Spring Festival in next year can afforest, and spring soil can also be carried out then after thawing Dig seedling afforestation；The husky wood knotweed surrival rate of afforestation is very high, more than 95%.
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| CN116058281B (en) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-11-21 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for rapid propagation of polygonum mongolicum tissue |
| CN116439131A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-07-18 | 内蒙古库布其沙漠技术研究院 | Tissue culture seedling raising method for sand-fixing plant polygonum sapidum |
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| 《固沙造林的优良树种-沙木蓼》;徐呈祥;《甘肃林业科技》;19861231(第4期);第41-43页 * |
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