CN106699551B - 一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法 Download PDF

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CN106699551B
CN106699551B CN201611031817.0A CN201611031817A CN106699551B CN 106699551 B CN106699551 B CN 106699551B CN 201611031817 A CN201611031817 A CN 201611031817A CN 106699551 B CN106699551 B CN 106699551B
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裴立军
张新飞
董景辉
樊其艳
赵新华
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Chambroad Chemical Industry Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,该方法以β‑(3,5‑二叔丁基‑4‑羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯和正十八醇为原料经过酯交换反应制得,所述的酯交换反应在中性/弱碱性离子液体催化体系中进行。本发明使用中性/弱碱性离子液体作为催化剂,催化性能好,最终产品含量达到99%以上,收率达到97.5%以上。中性/弱碱性离子液体催化剂在1076酯化反应中性能优于甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、有机锡、有机钛等催化剂。使用离子液体催化反应体系,后处理操作简单,环境友好,催化剂可循环利用,产品颜色好,收率高。

Description

一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法
技术领域
本发明属于精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法。
背景技术
抗氧剂具有良好的抗氧化性能,稳定的氧化安定性和热安定性,与聚合物相容性好,挥发性极低,在高温情况下不容易因为挥发而损失。可有效防止光、热、氧对聚合物的损害,显著提高聚合物的性能,有效延长聚合物的寿命,无污染,不着色。可广泛应用于通用塑料、工程塑料、合成橡胶、纤维、树脂、油墨、涂料等行业中。
抗氧剂1076(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)是受阻酚类抗氧剂,有较好的耐热及耐水萃取性能,广泛用于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲醛、ABS树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯醇、工程塑料、合成橡胶及石油产品中,一般用量为0.1%~0.5%。目前,据文献报道,抗氧剂1076的合成均以3,5-甲酯与正十八醇为原料,经过酯交换反应得到。工艺的主要区别是催化剂,目前常用的催化剂主要有强碱类(甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠等)及有机金属类(有机锡、有机钛等)。前者强碱易导致产品颜色加深,设备腐蚀程度大;后者反应速率低,有机金属难以去除,产品金属含量高。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出了一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,该方法不仅加速了反应,而且后处理过程简单,催化剂可循环利用,产品颜色好、收率高。
本发明所述的一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,以β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯和正十八醇为原料经过酯交换反应制得,所述的酯交换反应在中性/弱碱性离子液体催化体系中进行。具体合成路线为:
Figure BDA0001158693610000011
其具体步骤为:将β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯、正十八醇以及离子液体加入到反应器中进行反应,反应结束后趁热向反应体系中加入有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。
加入有机溶剂时要趁热,体系的温度控制在70~80℃,避免温度过高乙醇挥发,温度过低1076会过早析出。有机溶剂的加入量为1076质量的1.1-1.5倍。所述的有机溶剂采用乙醇。
所述的中性离子液体为咪唑或吡啶或吗啡啉化合物阳离子分别与Cl-或Br-或BF4 -或PF6-或CF3SO3-阴离子组合;所述的弱碱性离子液体为咪唑或吡啶或吗啡啉化合物阳离子分别与HCOO-或OAC-或氨基酸阴离子组合。
所述的氨基酸阴离子为Gly-或Glu-或Pro-或Thr-
所述的弱碱性离子液体水溶液pH值为7-8.5。
所述的离子液体的用量为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯质量分数的1~1.5%。离子液体量过大后处理困难,量过小会导致反应速率慢,反应不完全。
所述的β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯与正十八醇的物质的量之比为1:1~1.05。β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯量过大后处理困难,量过小会导致反应速率慢,正十八醇反应不完全。
所述的酯交换反应反应温度为130~140℃,反应时间为3~4h,反应压力为0.08~-0.1MPa。压力范围控制在0.08~-0.1MPa,确保产生的甲醇能尽快移走,保证反应正向进行,同时负压状态可保护反应液不被氧化变色;压力太大甲醇去除速率慢,影响反应,而压力小则无较大影响。温度过高或时间太长,会导致产品颜色加深;温度过低或时间短,反应不完全。
本发明所述的离子液体催化酯交换机理:由于离子液体M具有很强的形成配位离子的倾向,可与β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯作用形成配位体I,而配位体I易与大分子醇R-OH上的羟基发生亲电加成形成中间体II,由于空间效应,中间体II极不稳定,即刻分解为产物酯、甲醇和离子液体。离子液体继续催化酯化反应。催化机理如下式所示:
Figure BDA0001158693610000031
本发明所述的弱碱性离子液体略高于中性离子液体对该酯交换反应的催化活性,而中性离子液体催化反应更温和,便于控制,优选中性离子液体。
本发明使用中性/弱碱性离子液体作为催化剂,催化性能好,最终产品含量达到99%以上,收率达到97.5%以上。中性/弱碱性离子液体催化剂在1076酯化反应中性能优于甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、有机锡、有机钛等催化剂。使用离子液体催化反应体系,后处理操作简单,环境友好,催化剂可循环利用,产品颜色好,收率高。
具体实施方式
本发明所采用原料均为市购,以下实施例中,β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯简称为3,5-甲酯。
实施例1
取氯代正丁烷4.63g、N-甲基咪唑6.85g于四口瓶内,氮气保护下,50℃反应12h,反应完毕后趁热加入100mL乙酸乙酯,冷却抽滤得白色固体,用乙腈和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂重结晶,得到离子液体[Bmim]Cl。
取上述离子液体8.25g、KCF3SO39.4g分别溶于20mL水后混合,室温反应24h,加入二氯乙烷除水,减压去除二氯乙烷,80℃真空干燥12h,得离子液体[Bmim]CF3SO3
实施例2
取0.06mol固体甲酸钾溶于50ml甲醇中,再向其中加入0.05mol[Bmim]Cl,室温下搅拌反应24h,过滤除去白色沉淀物,将滤液于45℃下减压旋转蒸发除去甲醇溶剂,再加入乙醚洗涤,析出未反应的固态甲酸钾沉淀,旋蒸除溶剂得到无色粘状液体[Bmim][HCOO]。
实施例3
取0.05mol的离子液体中间体[Bmim]Cl溶于50ml异丙醇中,加入2.5倍量的KOAc,25℃下搅拌10h,过滤去掉不溶物。滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,得淡黄色油状物。将粗品用二氯甲烷溶解,向其中加入活性炭粉末搅拌10h,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去溶剂,真空干燥得无色油状物,为目标产物[Bmim]OAc。
实施例4
将0.05mol甘氨酸与0.05mol的氢氧化钠甲醇溶液置于100ml圆底烧瓶中,然后向溶液中加入60%的[Bmim]Cl(0.05mol)的甲醇溶液,室温下搅拌反应12h,过滤除去沉淀,减压除去甲醇溶剂,加乙醚洗涤除乙酸钾,得到纯的无色液态[Bmim][Gly]。
本发明所述的其它离子液体均采用上述类似方法制得。
实施例5
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.06g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim]Cl 0.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应4h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入50ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.5%,收率98.4%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例6
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇13.80g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim]Cl 0.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,140℃下反应4h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入40ml有机静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.3%,收率97.8%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例7
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim]CF3SO30.20g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,140℃下反应4h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.6%,收率98.7%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例8
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇13.85g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim]CF3SO30.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入40ml有机静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.5%,收率98.2%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例9
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.06g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim][HCOO]0.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应4h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入50ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.7%,收率98.5%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例10
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.06g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim]OAc 0.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应3h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入50ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.3%,收率98.1%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例11
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和离子液体催化剂[Bmim][Gly]0.20g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.5%,收率98.2%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例12
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和吡啶类离子液体催化剂[Epy]OAc 0.21g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为0.08MPa,130℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.1%,收率98%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例13
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇13.85g和吡啶类离子液体催化剂[Epy]CF3SO30.24g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为0.08MPa,135℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入40ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.4%,收率98.3%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例14
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和吡啶类离子液体催化剂[Epy][Gly]0.18g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,140℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.3%,收率98%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例15
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和吗啡啉类离子液体催化剂[Nbmim]OAc0.20g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,130℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.2%,收率98.3%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例16
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和吗啡啉类离子液体催化剂[Nbmim]CF3SO30.24g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,130℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.3%,收率98.3%。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
实施例17
取3,5-甲酯14.6g、正十八醇14.00g和吗啡啉类离子液体催化剂[Nbmim][Gly]0.20g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,130℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入45ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.6%,收率98.4%。
实施例18
取3,5-甲酯7.3g、正十八醇7.00g和实例11回收离子液体催化剂[Bmim][Gly]0.10g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入25ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.4%,收率98.2%。
实施例19
取3,5-甲酯7.3g、正十八醇7.00g和回收5次离子液体催化剂[Bmim][Gly]0.10g加入到四口瓶中,反应压力为-0.1MPa,135℃下反应3.5h,反应结束后趁热(70℃左右)加入20ml有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076。HPLC显示目标产物(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸正十八碳醇酯)的含量可达到99.0%,收率97.9%。

Claims (3)

1.一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,该方法以β-(3 ,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯和正十八醇为原料经过酯交换反应制得,其特征在于:所述的酯交换反应在中性/弱碱性离子液体催化体系中进行;
所述的中性离子液体为咪唑化合物阳离子分别与Cl-或Br-或CF3SO3 -阴离子组合;所述的弱碱性离子液体为吡啶化合物阳离子分别与HCOO-或OAC-阴离子组合;
其具体步骤为:将β-(3 ,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯、正十八醇以及离子液体加入到反应器中进行反应,反应结束后趁热向反应体系中加入有机溶剂静置分层,上层为有机相,下层为离子液体相,离子液体回收循环使用,有机相重结晶得到产品抗氧剂1076;
所述的离子液体的用量为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯质量分数的1~1.5%;
所述的酯交换反应反应温度为130~140℃,反应时间为3~4h,反应压力为0.08~-0.1MPa;
所述的β-(3 ,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯与正十八醇的物质的量之比为1:1~1 .05。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为乙醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成抗氧剂1076的方法,其特征在于:所述的弱碱性离子液体水溶液pH值为7-8.5。
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