CN106699410B - Bio-organic fertilizer for improving functional diversity of soil microorganisms and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bio-organic fertilizer for improving functional diversity of soil microorganisms and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological organic fertilizer for improving the functional diversity of soil microorganisms and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the fallow soil to 40% -60%; step two: scattering 12% of vinasse organic fertilizer, 4% of earthworm organic fertilizer, 12% of herb residue organic fertilizer, 8% of oil cake organic fertilizer and 8% of cow dung organic fertilizer based on the mass of the fallow soil, and uniformly mixing to form a strip pile; step three: fermenting for 1-2 days, and turning the stack for the first time when the temperature of the stack is raised to 60-65 ℃; step four: after 2-3 days, turning the stacks when the temperature of the stacks rises to 60-65 ℃ again; step five: fermenting for 8-10 days, and finishing the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer when the temperature does not rise any more; the invention can well cultivate and amplify the microorganisms in the fallow soil, can obviously improve the quantity and functionality of the microorganisms in the soil when being applied to the cultivated soil, optimizes the growth environment of the crops, and further can improve the yield of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bio-organic fertilizer for improving the functional diversity of soil microorganisms and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is compounded by microorganisms with specific functions and organic materials mainly prepared from animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like) through harmless treatment and decomposition. Besides high organic matters, the bio-organic fertilizer product also contains microorganisms with specific functions, which is an essential characteristic of the products. The microorganism contained in the fertilizer has certain fertilizer effect, such as the functions of improving soil fertility, manufacturing and assisting crops to absorb nutrition, activating insoluble compounds in soil for crops to absorb and utilize, and the like, or can generate a plurality of active substances and disease-resistant and disease-inhibiting substances, has good stimulation and regulation functions on the growth of crops, can reduce or reduce the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, and improves the quality of agricultural products.
Compared with the common organic fertilizer, the production of the biological organic fertilizer needs to add a biological microbial inoculum for promoting the decomposition and decomposition of organic materials in the decomposition process so as to realize the purposes of directional decomposition, deodorization and the like, and needs to add microorganisms with specific functions in the product so as to improve the action effect of the product.
Researches find that crops planted in the soil after long-term fallow are obviously better than the soil using chemical fertilizers for a long time, the fallow soil has obviously different microbial structures and functional diversity, and the long-term fallow soil has limited resources and cannot be used for mass production, so that the researches on how to amplify the microbes in the fallow soil to prepare the bio-organic fertilizer have important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the bio-organic fertilizer can be used for well cultivating and amplifying microorganisms in fallow soil, can be applied to cultivated soil to remarkably improve the quantity and functionality of soil microorganisms, can further optimize the growth environment of crops, and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning is mainly composed of a vinasse organic fertilizer, an earthworm organic fertilizer, a medicine residue organic fertilizer, an oil cake organic fertilizer and a cow dung organic fertilizer in parts by weight.
Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning mainly comprises 12 parts by weight of vinasse organic fertilizer, 4 parts by weight of earthworm organic fertilizer, 12 parts by weight of herb residue organic fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of oil cake organic fertilizer and 8 parts by weight of cow dung organic fertilizer.
A bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing fallow soil and a bio-organic fertilizer seasoning according to the following weight ratio of 100: 44.
The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the fallow soil to 40% -60%;
step two: uniformly scattering the bio-organic fertilizer seasonings on the fallow soil, and forming a strip pile after uniformly mixing;
step three: fermenting for 1-2 days, and turning the stack for the first time when the temperature of the stack is raised to 60-65 ℃;
step four: after 2-3 days, turning the stacks when the temperature of the stacks rises to 60-65 ℃ again;
step five: fermenting for 8-10 days, and finishing the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer when the temperature does not rise any more.
In the steps, the temperature rise indicates that microorganisms in the fallow soil are propagated in large quantity, and if the temperature continues to rise, the quantity of the microorganisms in the bio-organic fertilizer is reduced, so that the temperature is reduced by adopting a pile turning method, and the quantity does not change any more after the quantity of the microorganisms after propagation is stabilized, and the temperature does not rise.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the fallow soil and the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning according to a certain proportion, can well cultivate and amplify microorganisms in the fallow soil, can obviously improve the quantity and functionality of soil microorganisms when being applied to the cultivated soil, optimizes the growth environment of crops, and further can improve the yield of the crops. The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the invention reaches the national biological organic fertilizer standard, and the microbial quantity and functionality are obviously superior to the national standard. According to the test of the applicant, the parameters of the biological organic fertilizer are 56 percent of organic matters, N, P2O5、K2The contents of O are respectively 3%, 2.18% and 1.29%, the total nutrient is 6.47%, the pH value is 6.2, the water content is 29%, and the indexes of the death rate of roundworm eggs and the faecal coliform number meet the requirements of NY 884-2012. Effective viable Count (CFU) is more than or equal to 0.3 hundred million/gram
In the invention, the vinasse organic fertilizer and the oil cake organic fertilizer are mainly used as sources of microbial nitrogen sources in the expanding propagation fallow soil, the herb residue organic fertilizer and the cow dung organic fertilizer are mainly used as sources of microbial carbon sources in the expanding propagation fallow soil, and the earthworm organic fertilizer is mainly used as an active substance required for providing microorganisms in the expanding propagation fallow soil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below.
First, an embodiment
Example 1:
the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning is mainly formed by mixing a vinasse organic fertilizer, an earthworm organic fertilizer, a decoction dreg organic fertilizer, an oil dreg organic fertilizer and a cow dung organic fertilizer in parts by weight.
Example 2:
the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning is mainly composed of 12 parts by weight of vinasse organic fertilizer, 4 parts by weight of earthworm organic fertilizer, 12 parts by weight of herb residue organic fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of oil cake organic fertilizer and 8 parts by weight of cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 3:
the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning is mainly composed of 10 parts by weight of vinasse organic fertilizer, 5 parts by weight of earthworm organic fertilizer, 4 parts by weight of herb residue organic fertilizer, 3 parts by weight of oil cake organic fertilizer and 6 parts by weight of cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 4:
the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning is mainly composed of 8 parts by weight of vinasse organic fertilizer, 10 parts by weight of earthworm organic fertilizer, 7 parts by weight of herb residue organic fertilizer, 5 parts by weight of oil cake organic fertilizer and 4 parts by weight of cow dung organic fertilizer.
Example 5:
a manufacturing method of a bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing impurities from the fallow soil, and adjusting the water content to 40-60%;
step two: mixing fallow soil and bio-organic fertilizer seasonings according to the weight ratio of 100: 44, uniformly spreading 44 parts of bio-organic fertilizer seasoning on 100 parts of fallow soil, and uniformly mixing to form a strip pile;
step three: fermenting for 1-2 days, and turning the stack for the first time when the temperature of the stack is raised to 60-65 ℃;
step four: after 2-3 days, turning the stacks when the temperature of the stacks rises to 60-65 ℃ again;
step five: fermenting for 8-10 days, and finishing the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer when the temperature does not rise any more.
Results and analysis: after applying the above-mentioned bio-organic fertilizer to the cultivated soil, the number and functional data of the soil microorganisms in the optimal group (example 2 ratio) are compared with those in the blank group and the non-optimal group (examples 3 and 4 ratios) as follows:
TABLE 1 field test
| Shannon diversity index | Simpson index | McIntosh index | |
| Blank soil | 1.97±1.14b | 20.15±4.89b | 650.47±52.23c |
| Non-optimal group | 2.29±1.04ab | 22.71±5.12b | 807.21±45.35b |
| Best group | 3.28±0.73a | 46.12±2.63a | 974.56±63.97a |
In addition, in the invention, the nutrient indexes of the vinasse organic fertilizer, the earthworm organic fertilizer, the cow dung organic fertilizer, the oil residue organic fertilizer and the herb residue organic fertilizer are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 nutrient indexes of various organic fertilizers
Design test and analysis method
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Test soil: guizhou province Guiyang city Kaiyang county Hua pear county ten-year fallow soil.
Fertilizer to be tested: the vinasse organic fertilizer is provided by tobacco monopoly bureau of Jinsha county; the earthworm organic fertilizer and the cow dung organic fertilizer are provided by Guizhou Jilong ecological science and technology limited; the oil-dried organic fertilizer is provided by Qiannan Jinfu Co Ltd, and the herb residue organic fertilizer is provided by tobacco scientific research in Guizhou province.
Other test materials: river sand, ECO panels.
The test instruments comprise a tissue culture bottle, a watering can, a sterilizing pot (TOMY Autoclave SX-500), a water purifier (UpXB 100), a climatic box (Sanyo M L R-351H, BOXUN BSG-400), a shaking table (HY L-C combined shaking table), an ultra-clean workbench (Suzhou purified SW-CJ-2F), a triangular flask and an Omnilog PM high-flux microbial cell phenotype chip measuring system.
1.2 test methods
1.2.1 determination of test index and influencing factor
Respectively taking Shannon diversity index, Simpson index and McIntosh index as test indexes; five fertilizers were selected as influencing factors: lees organic fertilizer, earthworm organic fertilizer, herb residue organic fertilizer, oil residue organic fertilizer and cow dung organic fertilizer.
1.2.2 determination of test treatment
The experiment was performed at 4 levels according to the characteristics of the factors and experience in the single factor experiment: 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% (representing the proportion of the fertilizer), 30% of fallow soil and the balance of yellow sand after sterilization. The orthogonal table after optimization of the test according to the orthogonal test table is as follows:
orthogonal experimental design table
1.2.3 setting of test conditions
The relative water holding capacity of the conditioning test treatment was 60%; adjusting the temperature of the artificial climate box to be 30 ℃ and the air humidity to be 70 percent; the culture period was 30 days.
1.2.4 measurement method
At thirty days, 2g of soil sample is taken for each treatment, the soil sample is put into a sterilized triangular flask filled with 18m L water, the triangular flask is placed in a shaking table to shake for 30min (170 r/min), the shaking table is placed in an ultra-clean bench to stand after the shaking is finished, the supernatant is diluted by 50 times, the mixture is uniformly mixed and spotted on an ECO plate, an Omnilog PM high-flux microbial cell phenotype chip measuring system is placed in the ECO plate to be cultured for four days, and relevant data are obtained after four days.
The data were analyzed according to the index analysis method of ECO panels, which is as follows:
diversity index analysis
1.2.5 data analysis method
And (3) decomposing the total variation of the data into variation caused by factors and variation caused by errors, constructing F statistic, and performing F test to judge whether the factor effect is obvious (substituting into SPSS, and performing the following index calculation):
deviation square sum decomposition: the sum of squares of the total deviation is the sum of squares of the deviations of the column factors + the sum of squares of the deviations of the errors
SST (SS factor + SS column (error)
Decomposing the degree of freedom:
dfT-df factor + df empty column (error)
Variance:
constructing F statistics:
the ANOVA table is listed for the F test.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 orthogonal test data
Raw data of orthogonal experiments (mean)
2.3 data analysis and results
2.3.1Shannon diversity index
Indexes are as follows: dependent variable Shannon diversity index
| Source | Sum of squares of type III | df | Mean square | F | Sig. | Significance of |
| Correction model | 2.285 | 15 | .152 | 3.684 | .001 | - |
| Intercept of a beam | 476.709 | 1 | 476.709 | 11527.935 | .000 | - |
| Organic fertilizer made of distillers' grains | .671 | 3 | .224 | 5.409 | .004 | ** |
| Earthworm organic fertilizer | .294 | 3 | .098 | 2.371 | .089 | Is not significant |
| Medicine residue organic fertilizer | .175 | 3 | .058 | 1.407 | .259 | Is not significant |
| Oil-dried organic fertilizer | .181 | 3 | .060 | 1.459 | .244 | Is not significant |
| Cow dung organic fertilizer | .550 | 3 | .183 | 4.436 | .010 | ** |
| Error of the measurement | 1.323 | 32 | .041 | - | - | - |
| Total of | 430.317 | 48 | - | - | - | - |
| Corrected sum | 3.608 | 47 | - | - | - | - |
a.R Fang ═ 633 (adjustment R Fang ═ 461)
Indicates a significant, indicates a very significant
After analyzing the result taking Shannon diversity index as an index, the sig value of the vinasse organic fertilizer is less than 0.01, and the significance is extremely significant; the sig value of the cow dung organic fertilizer is less than 0.05, and is a significant level; the sig values of the earthworm organic fertilizer, the herb residue organic fertilizer and the oil dreg organic fertilizer are more than 0.05, and the significance is not significant.
By comparing the type III square sum of the five fertilizers, the importance ranking among the five fertilizers can be found as follows: vinasse organic fertilizer, cow dung organic fertilizer, earthworm organic fertilizer, medicinal oil residue organic fertilizer and medicinal residue organic fertilizer.
After the importance ranking is determined, the specific formula needs to be determined according to the marginal mean of each fertilizer treatment:
after the importance of the five organic fertilizers is analyzed, a specific formula needs to be obtained according to data analysis, and the formula is as follows: the marginal mean values of the five fertilizers can be obtained by analyzing orthogonal test data, and accordingly the optimal proportion of the distillers 'grains organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the earthworm organic fertilizer is 4%, the optimal proportion of the dregs organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer is 8%, the optimal proportion of the cow dung organic fertilizer is 8%, namely the optimal formula is 12% of the distillers' grains organic fertilizer, 4% of the earthworm organic fertilizer, 12% of the dregs organic fertilizer, 8% of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer and 8% of the cow dung organic fertilizer.
2.3.2Simpson index
Indexes are as follows: simpson index
a.R Fang ═ 731 (adjustment R Fang ═ 605)
Indicates a significant, indicates a very significant
After the result taking the Simpson index as an index is analyzed, the sig value of the vinasse organic fertilizer and the cow dung organic fertilizer is less than 0.01, and the significance is extremely significant; the sig value of the earthworm organic fertilizer is less than 0.05, which is a significant level; the sig value of the residue organic fertilizer and the oil residue organic fertilizer is more than 0.05, and the significance is not significant.
By comparing the type III square sum of the five fertilizers, the importance ranking among the five fertilizers can be found as follows: vinasse organic fertilizer, cow dung organic fertilizer, earthworm organic fertilizer, medicine dreg organic fertilizer and oil cake organic fertilizer.
After the importance ranking is determined, the specific formula needs to be determined according to the marginal mean of each fertilizer treatment:
the marginal mean values of the five fertilizers can be obtained by analyzing orthogonal test data, and accordingly the optimal proportion of the distillers 'grains organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the earthworm organic fertilizer is 4%, the optimal proportion of the dregs organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer is 8%, the optimal proportion of the cow dung organic fertilizer is 8%, namely the optimal formula is 12% of the distillers' grains organic fertilizer, 4% of the earthworm organic fertilizer, 12% of the dregs organic fertilizer, 8% of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer and 8% of the cow dung organic fertilizer.
2.3.13McIntosh index
Indexes are as follows: McIntosh index
a.R Fang ═ 562 (adjustment R Fang ═ 356)
Indicates a significant, indicates a very significant
After analyzing the result taking the McIntosh index as an index, the significance is extremely significant when the sig value of the vinasse organic fertilizer is less than 0.01; the sig value of the cow dung organic fertilizer is less than 0.05, and the significance is obvious; the sig values of the earthworm organic fertilizer, the herb residue organic fertilizer and the oil dreg organic fertilizer are more than 0.05, and the obvious taste is not obvious.
By comparing the type III square sum of the five fertilizers, the importance ranking among the five fertilizers can be found as follows: vinasse organic fertilizer, cow dung organic fertilizer, earthworm organic fertilizer, oil cake organic fertilizer and herb residue organic fertilizer.
After the importance ranking is determined, the specific formula needs to be determined according to the marginal mean of each fertilizer treatment:
the marginal mean values of the five fertilizers can be obtained by analyzing orthogonal test data, and accordingly the optimal proportion of the distillers 'grains organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the earthworm organic fertilizer is 4%, the optimal proportion of the dregs organic fertilizer is 12%, the optimal proportion of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer is 8%, the optimal proportion of the cow dung organic fertilizer is 8%, namely the optimal formula is 12% of the distillers' grains organic fertilizer, 4% of the earthworm organic fertilizer, 12% of the dregs organic fertilizer, 8% of the oil-dreg organic fertilizer and 8% of the cow dung organic fertilizer.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A bio-organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing fallow soil and bio-organic fertilizer seasonings according to the proportion of 100: 44, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning comprises 12 parts by weight of a vinasse organic fertilizer, 4 parts by weight of an earthworm organic fertilizer, 12 parts by weight of a medicine residue organic fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of an oil residue organic fertilizer and 8 parts by weight of a cow dung organic fertilizer, and the medicine residue organic fertilizer is an indigowoad root medicine residue organic fertilizer; the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer seasoning comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content of the fallow soil to 40% -60%;
step two: uniformly scattering the bio-organic fertilizer seasonings on the fallow soil, and forming a strip pile after uniformly mixing;
step three: fermenting for 1-2 days, and turning the stack for the first time when the temperature of the stack is raised to 60-65 ℃;
step four: after 2-3 days, turning the stacks when the temperature of the stacks rises to 60-65 ℃ again;
step five: fermenting for 8-10 days, and finishing the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer when the temperature does not rise any more.
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| CN101525254A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-09 | 华南农业大学 | Multifunctional biological compound fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103141275A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 宜兴市丰汇水芹专业合作社 | Method for cultivating spring celery |
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| CN104909898A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-16 | 贵州汇民力生物科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer containing wormcast and traditional Chinese medicine residue components and preparation method of organic fertilizer |
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| CN101525254A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2009-09-09 | 华南农业大学 | Multifunctional biological compound fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103141275A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 宜兴市丰汇水芹专业合作社 | Method for cultivating spring celery |
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