CN106694519B - Life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology - Google Patents
Life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106694519B CN106694519B CN201710004785.3A CN201710004785A CN106694519B CN 106694519 B CN106694519 B CN 106694519B CN 201710004785 A CN201710004785 A CN 201710004785A CN 106694519 B CN106694519 B CN 106694519B
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- transported
- pyrolysis
- high temperature
- gas
- stove
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
- C10B21/10—Regulating and controlling the combustion
- C10B21/18—Recirculating the flue gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C1/00—Working-up tar
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/34—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technologies, include the following steps：Rubbish pretreatment process, the separating treatment process of organic-inorganic material, the pyrolysis processing process of organic materials, the separating treatment process of thermal decomposition product, exhaust gas and sewage disposal process.The production technology can carry out pollution-free processing to house refuse, and house refuse is recycled, the waste of problem of environmental pollution and waste resource caused by can solving domestic waste, it solves the energy consumption problem in domestic garbage pyrolysis processing again, realizes the green processing and production of regenerative resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of domestic garbage treatment, more particularly to a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology.
Background technology
House refuse is not accompanied by human society life all the time and exists, domestic rubbish disposal be also one therewith not
The industry of disconnected change, sustainable development.From another perspective, in the case where technical conditions are improved enough, rubbish be it is a kind of forever
It is inexhausted using type resource.
Domestic garbage disposal at present mainly uses following several technologies：
First, sanitary landfills processing：This domestic rubbish disposal mode is presently the most universal, but takes up a large area, and makes
Short with the time limit, garbage decomposition speed is slow (10-20), fills area and is also easy to produce biogas, toxic sewage, to air, soil and underground,
Surface water generates pollution.
Second, compost treatment：By the biochemical action of microorganism, the organic matter decomposition in house refuse is rotted, is converted
At fertilizer.But compost treatment has higher requirements to component of refuse, and product fertilizer efficiency is low, the manufacture phase is long, is not suitable with domestic waste
Increase rapidly.Composting method is not high to the decrement degree such as plastics, metal, and subsequent processing amount is big, running cost and waste transportation expense
It is high.Since the country fails to realize effective garbage sorting, contains the pollutants such as heavy metal and toxic compounds in rubbish, cause such
Fertilizer cannot enter food chain, therefore composting production still faces market problem.
Third, waste incineration and generating electricity：Refer to using special garbage incinerating system, is combustion with urban industry and house refuse
Medium is burnt, while carrying out burning disposal to rubbish, in the way of a kind of new-generation of the energy of its generation power generation.Directly
Burning method can realize volume reduction and the recycling of domestic waste.But its critical defect is the SO in its incineration ashesX、NOX、
Heavy metal in HCl, dust and residue.The hypertoxic organic matter content of dioxin that especially oxidation reaction generates is larger.
The pyrolysis processing of house refuse is a kind of processing mode of completely new environmental protection and energy saving, and pyrolysismethod is that have using in rubbish
The thermal instability of machine object is carrying out heating distillation to it, so that organic matter is generated cracking, various new gas are formed after condensed
Body, liquid and solid therefrom extract the process of fuel oil, combustible gas.The primary product of pyrolysis is flammable low molecular compound：
Gaseous hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide；The organic matters such as methanol, acetone, acetic acid, the acetaldehyde of liquid and tar, solvent naphtha etc.；Gu
Mainly coke and the carbon black of state.But existing domestic garbage pyrolysis treatment process production process is excessively complicated, stability
Difference, and pyrolysis energy consumption is big, can not realize the environment energy-saving processing of house refuse；In addition, in addition to that can not be pyrolyzed
Outside inorganic matter, other organic matter pyrolysis that can be pyrolyzed generate various gases, oils mixes, it is difficult to realize to these gas
Effective utilization of body, oils, it is extremely complex for the separation of gas, oils, it is the problem of domestic garbage pyrolysis processing.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology, can to house refuse into
Processing that row is pollution-free, and house refuse is recycled, environmental pollution caused by can solving domestic waste is asked
The waste of topic and waste resource, and solve the energy consumption problem in domestic garbage pyrolysis processing, realize the green of regenerative resource
Processing and production.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology, includes the following steps：
S1, rubbish pretreatment process：
House refuse is transported to bag-breaking machine from rubbish storage storehouse and breaker carries out preliminary break process, then will
The house refuse of break process be transported to roller bearing screening plant and pneumatic separation device by light material (mainly the plastics such as polybag,
Rubber) it is detached with high moisture material, inanimate matter, high moisture material, inanimate matter are transported to concentration equipment, isolate electricity therein
Pond, metalliferous material.
The separating treatment process of S2, organic matters and inorganic fertilizers：
Through concentration equipment, treated that house refuse is transported to spring sorting unit, by organic matter material and inanimate matter material
Separation.
The pyrolysis processing process of S3, organic materials：
Step S1 is obtained into light material and is transported to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove progress pyrolysis processing；Meanwhile in S2
The organic matter material of acquisition is transported in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove and carries out pyrolysis processing.
The separating treatment process of S4, thermal decomposition product：
By high-temperature flue gas, water vapour, carbide and the waste residue after the pyrolysis processing in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
It is transported to first and goes out material separating device, it, will by high-temperature flue gas, water vapour and the carbon black solids separation containing carbide, waste residue
The carbon black solids is transported to carbon black storage box；The high-temperature flue gas is transported to filter device, is removed by filter device
The mixture of harmful substance containing chlorine, sulphur, mercury, pyrolysis gas, water vapour after filtering is transported in catalytic reactor by urging
Change and obtain fuel oil gas mixture after reforming, the fuel oil gas mixture is transported to refrigerated separation tower, from the refrigerated separation
Tower top, which obtains, contains CO, CH4Combustible mixed tail gas, mixed tail gas is respectively delivered to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis
Stove and catalytic reactor are as heating fuel；
By pyrolysis gas, oils, carbide, the water vapor mixture after the pyrolysis processing in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
It is transported to second and goes out material separating device, the flue gas containing pyrolysis gas, oils and water vapour and the carbon black containing carbide are consolidated
Body object detaches, and the carbon black solids is transported to carbon black storage box；The flue gas is transported to gas washing cooling device, obtains heat
It vents one's spleen and is transported to the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove as heating fuel；The oil water mixture of acquisition is transported to wood tar, wood
The wood tar of separation is transported to wood tar storage box, while the wood vinegar of separation is transported to wood vinegar by vinegar liquid separator
Purifying plant carries out purification processes and generates high quality wood vinegar.
Further, further include that the metalliferous material that device after magnetic separation obtains is transported to recycling bins, together in the step S1
When by battery material be transported to dangerous waste processing unit carry out harmless treatment.
Further, in the step S2, multiple spring sorting units are provided with, that treated is raw through concentration equipment
Rubbish living passes sequentially through multiple spring sorting units, thus by organic matter material and inanimate matter feed separation.
Further, obtained in the step S3, in the step S1 light material it is defeated (mainly the plastics such as polybag,
Rubber) after the first drying device removes moisture removal, the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is transported to by sealed extruded feeding equipment.
Further, in the step S3, the organic matter material in step S2 is fed sequentially into dehydration device, second dry
Dry device enters the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove after carrying out dehydration and drying processing.
Further, in the step S2, the inanimate matter material is transported to high temperature fire stove, the inanimate matter object after fire
Material carries out landfill disposal, while the exhaust gas of high temperature fire stove carries out exhaust-gas treatment qualified discharge.
Further, in the step S4, by the carbon black solids and the wood vinegar through wood vinegar purifying plant into
The row purification liquid fertilizer living obtained is transported to fertilizer production equipment.
Further, in the step S3, the heating temperature of the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 600-750 DEG C,
Temperature control is between 360-450 DEG C in boiler tube；Pyrolysis of the organic materials in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
Reaction time is 0.8-1.2h.
Further, in the step S4, the heating temperature of the catalytic reactor is 400-500 DEG C, in described first
The pyrolysis gas generated in high temperature pyrolysis oven carries out catalytic reforming under the action of catalyst, and the catalyst is molecular sieve type gold
Belong to oxide catalyst.Preferably, the catalyst is the ceramics of flyash, adhesive and organic pore-forming agents mixed sintering
Grain catalyst.
Further, in the step S3, the pyrolysis temperature of the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 800-950 DEG C,
Temperature controls between 450-600 DEG C in boiler tube；Pyrolysis of the organic materials in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is anti-
It is 0.8-1h between seasonable, meanwhile, catalyst is added into the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove, the catalyst is basic salt
With the mixture of composite material, composite material Ni0-Zn0/A1203。
Further, the basic salt is KN03、K2C03Any one.
Using above-mentioned technical proposal, uses two groups of high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stoves and pyrolysis processing is carried out to house refuse, and
And using pyrolysis gas as high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove, the heating fuel of catalytic reactor and high temperature fire stove, to significantly
Energy consumption has been saved on ground,；Entire process optimization processing step will mainly contain the light material of plastics, rubber and organic
Material is pyrolyzed respectively, compared to existing pyrolysis processing mode, is classified from industrial front end to house refuse, to
The difficulty of the separation of thermal decomposition product is significantly simplified, the pyrolysis product of acquisition more has use value；Moreover, technique mistake
Cheng Gengjia is simplified, exploitativeness is high, and carbon black solids and liquid fertilizer are obtained organic chemical fertilizer by fertilizer production equipment, to
The cycle for realizing nature carbon, green reproducible utilization is realized to house refuse.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the light material pyrolytic process flow chart in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the organic materials pyrolytic process flow chart in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that for
The explanation of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.In addition, disclosed below
The each embodiment of the present invention in involved technical characteristic can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
House refuse generally comprises plastics, rubber, stationery, plant residue, food waste and remains meal, metal product, battery etc. and be harmful to
The inorganic matters such as substance, silt, the main ingredient source of these rubbish and harm are as follows：
Plastics, rubber main source such as polybag, plastics package, fast food lunch-box, plastic cup bottle, electrical package, cold drink skin
Etc..It is difficult to decompose, destroys soil property, plant growth is made to reduce 30%；It may polluted underground water after landfill；Burning will produce harmful
Gas.
Battery includes mainly button cell, rechargeable battery, dry cell；Button cell contains toxic heavy metal mercury；Charging electricity
Contain harmful heavy metal cadmium in pond；The environmentally harmful substances such as dry cell is mercurous, lead and soda acid substance.
The surplus meal of food waste：Such as leftovers together are poured on rubbish or mess-tin；It is a large amount of to grow mosquitos and flies；Promote the bacterium in rubbish
Mass propagation generates toxic gas and biogas, rubbish is caused to explode.
Paint and pigment：Such as the waste after building, house decoration；Paint containing organic solvent can cause headache, mistake
Quick, stupor or carcinogenic；It is the inflammable thing of danger；Contain heavy metal in pigment more, it is unfavorable to health.
Clean class chemicals：It such as deoils, scale removal, bright and clean ground, clean carpet, chemical agent of threading a pipe, air is clear
New agent, insecticide, chemical floor waxing agent etc.；Containing organic solvent or the Nature petrochemicals difficult to degrade；With corrosion
Property；Containing chlorine element (such as bleaching agent, floor lotion etc.), human body is toxic；Drug contains ozone-layer depleting substance；In insecticide, there are about
50% contains carcinogen, some can damaged animal liver.
For domestic garbage pyrolysis processing, it is mainly divided into the organic matter that can be pyrolyzed, and can not be pyrolyzed
The inanimate matter and metal object of processing, organic matter may be generally divided into the chemical industry organic matter such as plastics, rubber, kitchen in house refuse
The natural organic matters such as surplus meal, plant residue；For metal object generally by the way of recycling in advance, pass through advance concentration equipment
Etc. modes detach, in addition, the harmful substances such as battery in house refuse, it is also desirable in advance brush choosing after clear up.
Waste plastics, rubber pyrolysis are will to have understood that the plastics of impurity, rubber are placed in anaerobic or the sealing container of hypoxemia
Heating, makes it be cracked into low molecular compound；Its basic principle is that the high polymer progress in plastics, rubber product is thoroughly big
Molecular cleavage is returned to low molecular weight state or monomer state.It, can be by pyrolysis point according to the difference of macromolecular internal key fracture position
For depolymerization reaction type, random cleavage type and osculant；Depolymerization reaction plastic is dissociated by polymer when thermal cracking, is generated single
Body has mainly cut off the chemical bond between unimolecule；This kind of plastics have α-methylstyrene, polymethyl methacrylate etc., it
Almost 100% ground be cracked into monomer.The fracture of intramolecular chemical key is random when random cleavage plastic is heated, generates one
The molecular compound that fixed number purpose carbon atom and hydrogen atom combine, this kind of plastics have polyethylene, polypropylene etc.；Most of plastics
Both cracking have both at the same time, belong to osculant, but under suitable temperature, pressure, catalysts conditions, some of which can be made special
The product of fixed number mesh chain length greatly increases, to obtain the product for having certain economic value, such as gasoline, diesel oil.Cracking is wanted
The temperature asked depends on the type of plastics and the purpose product of recycling, and temperature is more than 600 DEG C, and the primary product of pyrolysis is mixing combustion
Expect gas, such as CH4、C2H4Equal lighter hydrocarbons；For temperature at 400~600 DEG C, major cleavage products are mixed light-hydrocarbon, naphtha, heavy oil, coal
Oil and waxy solid, the pyrolysis product of PE, PP are mainly fuel gas and fuel oil, and PS thermal decomposition products are mainly styrene monomer.
The master of the natural organic matters such as plant degradation in isolation air or under being passed through appropriate air or other ambient conditions
It is wood vinegar and wood tar, the gaseous wood gas and solid charcoal of liquid to want product.It is natural that pyrolytic process starts from plant etc.
When organic matter heating temperature reaches higher than 100 DEG C.A degree of pyrolysis, the mainly natural organic matters such as plant only initially occurs
It is dry；Temperature starts apparent pyrolytic reaction occur when reaching 160 DEG C, generate low molecular compound；But plant etc. is natural organic
The condition that object key component, that is, hemicellulose, cellulose are pyrolyzed with lignin and course difference：Hemicellulose to most temperature-sensitive,
It is pyrolyzed first at 200~260 DEG C；It is about 220 DEG C to start exothermic reaction temperature；Its key component xylan is in 300 DEG C of warm
Contain more oligosaccharide mixture in solution gained tar, about 54% D- xyloses can be obtained in acid hydrolysis, are by matching glycosyl
It dissociates and is formed；At higher temperatures, thermal decomposition product is substantially similar to cellulose, but does not generate laevoglucose acid anhydride.It is fine
Dimension element is pyrolyzed at 240~350 DEG C, about starts exothermic reaction at 275 DEG C, is decomposed violent；The fast of glycosidic inkage occurs at 300 DEG C
Speed dissociation, generates more laevoglucose acid anhydride, the yield higher in vacuum and overheated steam solution matter.In higher temperature
Under, the intermediate products such as laevoglucose acid anhydride can be decomposed further, generate the volatile products such as acetic acid, methanol and wood firewood oil.It is wooden
Element is pyrolyzed at 250~500 DEG C, 310 DEG C or so beginning exothermic reactions；Primary product is phenols, acetic acid, methanol and charcoal；Phenols
More with yield ratio cellulose, the hemicellulose of charcoal, gaseous product is less, and the content of carbon monoxide and methane ratio is fine in gas
The more of element are tieed up, but carbon dioxide is less.Therefore, the product obtained when the natural organic matters such as plant are pyrolyzed as a whole is roughly the same
Product when three is pyrolyzed respectively.160 DEG C or less be the natural organic matters such as plant drying stage；When temperature reaches 275 DEG C
Reaction aggravation, generates a large amount of decomposition products, such as acetic acid, methanol, wood tar and gaseous product.Carbon dioxide in gas gradually subtracts
It is few, but methane increases；At this point, violent exothermic reaction makes temperature in the kettle rise rapidly；When temperature reaches 450 DEG C, liquid production
Object is reduced, and is kept a period of time at this temperature, is allowed volatile component to escape, the content of fixed carbon in charcoal can be improved.
Based on above-mentioned pyrolysis processing principle, the reaction of the chemical industry organic matter pyrolysis such as the natural organic matters such as plant and plastics, rubber
Process is entirely different, and product is obtained after pyrolysis and is also differed completely；Therefore, the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
Refer to the attached drawing 1-3, a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology include the following steps：
S1, rubbish pretreatment process：
House refuse is transported to bag-breaking machine from rubbish storage storehouse and breaker carries out preliminary break process, then will
The house refuse of break process be transported to roller bearing screening plant and pneumatic separation device by light material (mainly the plastics such as polybag,
Rubber) it is detached with high moisture material, inanimate matter, high moisture material, inanimate matter are transported to concentration equipment, isolate electricity therein
Pond, metalliferous material.
House refuse each refuse depot from each city is collected, conventional rubbish vehicle for convenience transport all can to rubbish into
Row squeezes, the sewage contained in preliminary removal rubbish, but rubbish is not of uniform size, there are many larger-size wastes
Part is handled refuse breaking to 50mm rulers below in the present invention therefore, it is necessary to carry out break process by crusher to rubbish
Very little, the sewage oozed out in break process is collected and is sent to sewage disposal system.
By in the rubbish conveying roller screening plant after break process, the lightweight of moisture is not absorbed containing plastics, rubber etc.
Material is detached with high moisture material, inanimate matter, and rubbish is transported to concentration equipment again later, detaches battery therein, metal
Battery, metal are collected into recycling bins by material respectively, and battery needs to carry out harmless treatment, and metal can directly recycle profit
With.
The separating treatment process of S2, organic matters and inorganic fertilizers：
Through concentration equipment, treated that house refuse is transported to spring sorting unit, by organic matter material and inanimate matter material
Separation.
Include mainly high moisture material and inanimate matter in the later rubbish of magnetic separation, high moisture material be generally mainly the surplus meal of food waste,
The natural organic matters such as plant residue, by bounce sorting unit can by organic matter material therein and inanimate matter feed separation,
Inanimate matter material is transported to high temperature fire stove, carries out electrodeless matter modification, and the inanimate matter material after fire carries out landfill disposal,
And using inanimate matter as construction material, pave the way etc., while the exhaust gas of high temperature fire stove carries out exhaust-gas treatment.
Wherein, in the step S2, multiple spring sorting units are provided with, through concentration equipment treated life rubbish
Rubbish passes sequentially through multiple spring sorting units, thus by organic matter material and inanimate matter feed separation.
The pyrolysis processing process of S3, organic materials：
Step S1 is obtained into light material and is transported to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove progress pyrolysis processing；Meanwhile in S2
The organic matter material of acquisition is transported in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove and carries out pyrolysis processing；
The separating treatment process of S4, thermal decomposition product：
By high-temperature flue gas, water vapour, carbide and the waste residue after the pyrolysis processing in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
It is transported to first and goes out material separating device, it, will by high-temperature flue gas, water vapour and the carbon black solids separation containing carbide, waste residue
The carbon black solids is transported to carbon black storage box；The high-temperature flue gas is transported to filter device, is removed by filter device
The mixture of harmful substance containing chlorine, sulphur, mercury, pyrolysis gas, water vapour after filtering is transported in catalytic reactor by urging
Change and obtain fuel oil gas mixture after reforming, the fuel oil gas mixture is transported to refrigerated separation tower, from the refrigerated separation
Tower top, which obtains, contains CO, CH4Combustible mixed tail gas, mixed tail gas is respectively delivered to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis
Stove and catalytic reactor are as heating fuel；
Plastics, rubber pyrolysis treating method generally have direct pyrolysis method, catalytic pyrolysis method and pyrolysis-modification method；Its
The product that middle direct pyrolysis method obtains is mostly alkane or alpha-olefin, and the reaction condition for producing diesel oil distillate is 475 DEG C or so, low
Under pressure or normal pressure, reaction time 4h or so.It is difficult to obtain the oil product of economic value；Catalytic pyrolysis method, which generally requires, utilizes silicic acid
The catalyst such as aluminium, molecular sieve, they belong to solid acid catalyst, are capable of providing proton hydrogen during the reaction, make reaction companion
With hydrogen migration process, to have the function of isomerization；Since a large amount of coke laydowns make to sink in catalyst surface in this reaction process
Product inactivation, therefore the regeneration of catalyst and the recycling of residual catalyst are relatively difficult.Pyrolysis-modification method, is that waste plastics is advanced
The high temperature pyrolysis gas of row high temperature pyrolysis, generation pass through catalyst action, obtain the higher oil product of quality, are similar in petroleum refining
Cracking-catalytic reforming process, the method is especially suitable for mixed plastic, rubber.Plastics, the rubber types of house refuse are various,
Therefore, using pyrolysis-modification method, there is good effect.
By pyrolysis gas, oils, carbide, the water vapor mixture after the pyrolysis processing in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
It is transported to second and goes out material separating device, the flue gas containing pyrolysis gas, oils and water vapour and the carbon black containing carbide are consolidated
Body object detaches, and the carbon black solids is transported to carbon black storage box；The flue gas is transported to gas washing cooling device, obtains heat
It vents one's spleen and is transported to the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove as heating fuel；The oil water mixture of acquisition is transported to wood tar, wood
The wood tar of separation is transported to wood tar storage box, while the wood vinegar of separation is transported to wood vinegar by vinegar liquid separator
Purifying plant carries out purification processes and generates high quality wood vinegar.
From aforementioned it is known that the product of the natural organic matters in high temperature pyrolysis such as food waste surplus meal, plant residue is mainly
Carbon black contains CO, CH4Fuel gas, wood tar, wood vinegar can be obtained by gas washing refrigerated separation.
Wherein, it is defeated (mainly plastics, the rubber such as polybag) that light material is obtained in the step S3, in the step S1
After the first drying device removes moisture removal, the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is transported to by sealed extruded feeding equipment.
Wherein, in the step S3, the organic matter material in step S2 is fed sequentially into dehydration device, the second drying fills
It sets and enters the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove after carrying out dehydration and drying processing.
Wherein, in the step S2, the inanimate matter material is transported to high temperature fire stove, the inanimate matter material after fire into
Row landfill disposal, while the exhaust gas of high temperature fire stove carries out exhaust-gas treatment qualified discharge.
Wherein, in the step S4, the carbon black solids and the wood vinegar are carried through wood vinegar purifying plant
The pure liquid fertilizer living obtained is transported to fertilizer production equipment.
Wherein, in the step S3, the heating temperature of the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 600-750 DEG C, boiler tube
Interior temperature control is between 360-450 DEG C；Pyrolytic reaction of the organic materials in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
Time is 0.8-1.2h.
Wherein, in the step S4, the heating temperature of the catalytic reactor is 400-500 DEG C, first high temperature
The pyrolysis gas generated in anaerobic pyrolysis stove carries out catalytic reforming under the action of catalyst, and the catalyst is molecular sieve type metal oxygen
Compound catalyst.Preferably, the catalyst is that the ceramic particle of flyash, adhesive and organic pore-forming agents mixed sintering is urged
Agent.
Wherein, in the step S3, the pyrolysis temperature of the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 800-950 DEG C, boiler tube
Interior temperature controls between 450-600 DEG C；When pyrolytic reaction of the organic materials in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
Between be 0.8-1h, meanwhile, be added catalyst into the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove, the catalyst is basic salt and multiple
The mixture of condensation material, composite material Ni0-Zn0/A1203。
Wherein, the basic salt is KN03、K2C03Any one.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above in association with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to described implementations
Mode.For a person skilled in the art, in the case where not departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, to these embodiments
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification are carried out, are still fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
S1, rubbish pretreatment process：
House refuse is transported to bag-breaking machine from rubbish storage storehouse and breaker carries out preliminary break process, then will be crushed
The house refuse of processing is transported to roller bearing screening plant and pneumatic separation device and is divided light material and high moisture material, inanimate matter
From high moisture material, inanimate matter are transported to concentration equipment, isolate battery therein, metalliferous material；
The separating treatment process of S2, organic matters and inorganic fertilizers：
Through concentration equipment, treated that house refuse is transported to spring sorting unit, by organic matter material and inanimate matter material point
From；
The pyrolysis processing process of S3, organic materials：
Step S1 is obtained into light material and is transported to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove progress pyrolysis processing；Meanwhile it being obtained in S2
Organic matter material be transported in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove and carry out pyrolysis processing；
The separating treatment process of S4, thermal decomposition product：
By high-temperature flue gas, water vapour, carbide and the waste residue conveying after the pyrolysis processing in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove
Go out material separating device to first, it, will be described by high-temperature flue gas, water vapour and the carbon black solids separation containing carbide, waste residue
Carbon black solids is transported to carbon black storage box；The high-temperature flue gas is transported to filter device, by filter device removal containing chlorine,
The harmful substance of sulphur, mercury, the mixture of pyrolysis gas, water vapour after filtering, which is transported in catalytic reactor, passes through catalytic reforming
Fuel oil gas mixture is obtained afterwards, and the fuel oil gas mixture is transported to refrigerated separation tower, from refrigerated separation tower top
It obtains and contains CO, CH4Combustible mixed tail gas, mixed tail gas is respectively delivered to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove and urge
Change reactor as heating fuel；
By the pyrolysis gas after the pyrolysis processing in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove, oils, carbide, water vapor mixture conveying
Go out material separating device to second, by the flue gas containing pyrolysis gas, oils and water vapour and the carbon black solids containing carbide
Separation, carbon black storage box is transported to by the carbon black solids；The flue gas is transported to gas washing cooling device, obtains pyrolysis gas
The second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is transported to as heating fuel；The oil water mixture of acquisition is transported to wood tar, wood vinegar
The wood tar of separation is transported to wood tar storage box, while the wood vinegar of separation is transported to wood vinegar purification by separator
Device carries out purification processes.
2. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S1, also
Include the metalliferous material that device after magnetic separation obtains is transported to recycling bins, while by battery material be transported to dangerous waste processing unit into
Row harmless treatment.
3. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S2, if
Multiple spring sorting units are equipped with, through concentration equipment treated house refuse passes sequentially through multiple springs sorting dresses
It sets, thus by organic matter material and inanimate matter feed separation.
4. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S3, institute
It states and obtains light material in step S1, the light material is that plastics and rubber pass through after the first drying device removes moisture removal
Sealed extruded feeding equipment is transported to the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove.
5. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：It, will in the step S3
Organic matter material in step S2 is fed sequentially into dehydration device, the second drying device enters after carrying out dehydration and drying processing
Two high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stoves.
6. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S2, institute
It states inanimate matter material and is transported to high temperature fire stove, the inanimate matter material progress landfill disposal after fire, while high temperature fire stove
Exhaust gas carries out exhaust-gas treatment qualified discharge.
7. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It, will in the step S4
The liquid fertilizer that the carbon black solids and the wood vinegar obtain after wood vinegar purifying plant is purified is transported to chemical fertilizer
Production equipment.
8. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S3, institute
The heating temperature for stating the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 600-750 DEG C, and temperature control is between 360-450 DEG C in boiler tube；Institute
It is 0.8-1.2h to state pyrolytic reaction time of the organic materials in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove.
9. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：In the step S4, institute
The heating temperature for stating catalytic reactor is 400-500 DEG C, and the pyrolysis gas generated in the first high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is being urged
Agent effect is lower to carry out catalytic reforming, and the catalyst is molecular sieve type metal oxide catalyst.
10. a kind of life-garbage comprehensive treatment technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step S3, institute
The pyrolysis temperature for stating the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 800-950 DEG C, and temperature controls between 450-600 DEG C in boiler tube；It is described
Pyrolytic reaction time of the organic materials in the second high temperature anaerobic pyrolysis stove is 0.8-1h, meanwhile, in described second
Catalyst is added in high temperature pyrolysis oven, the catalyst is the mixture of basic salt and composite material, and composite material is
Ni0-Zn0/A1203。
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| CN107597793A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2018-01-19 | 深圳市康瑞源再生资源有限公司 | A kind of compound charing recycling treatment process of rubbish |
| CN108031702B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2023-04-18 | 浙江京城再生资源有限公司 | Complete treatment equipment and treatment method for waste circuit board recovery |
| CN108213044B (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2019-11-12 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of clinical waste based on Internet of Things is classified reclaimer automatically |
| CN108586000A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-28 | 罗建会 | Rubbish object mixed waste plastic is converted to regeneration compound fertilizer facility |
| CN109701741A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 东莞市东城八方再生资源回收经营部 | The screening installation of a set of industrial area rubbish |
| CN110523741A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-12-03 | 宇恒(南京)环保装备科技有限公司 | A kind of domestic refuse and its landfill yard dystopy sub-prime resource utilization method |
| CN111408601A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-07-14 | 密西西比国际水务有限公司 | Kitchen waste resource utilization method and treatment system |
| CN111689797A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-22 | 茂县垃圾王环保科技有限公司 | Method for producing soil conditioner by utilizing pyrolytic household garbage |
| CN112539414A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-23 | 义乌市媚朵雨贸易有限公司 | Agricultural plastic film incineration treatment device capable of removing impurities |
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| CN102896135A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-30 | 唐义龙 | Water washing garbage cleaning production treatment method |
| CN204448784U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-07-08 | 格林维尔（厦门）环保科技有限公司 | Domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification process system |
| CN105983566A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 四川未来城镇建设管理股份有限公司 | Domestic sewage and rubbish, dining-room kitchen waste and riverway sludge integrated treatment process |
| CN106001055A (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市创宇百川环境科技有限公司 | Method and system for completely recycling household garbage |
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| CN102896135A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2013-01-30 | 唐义龙 | Water washing garbage cleaning production treatment method |
| CN204448784U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-07-08 | 格林维尔（厦门）环保科技有限公司 | Domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification process system |
| CN105983566A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 四川未来城镇建设管理股份有限公司 | Domestic sewage and rubbish, dining-room kitchen waste and riverway sludge integrated treatment process |
| CN106001055A (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳市创宇百川环境科技有限公司 | Method and system for completely recycling household garbage |
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