CN108031702B - Complete treatment equipment and treatment method for waste circuit board recovery - Google Patents
Complete treatment equipment and treatment method for waste circuit board recovery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108031702B CN108031702B CN201711445509.7A CN201711445509A CN108031702B CN 108031702 B CN108031702 B CN 108031702B CN 201711445509 A CN201711445509 A CN 201711445509A CN 108031702 B CN108031702 B CN 108031702B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Abstract
The invention provides a complete set of treatment equipment and a treatment method for waste circuit board recovery, wherein the equipment comprises a pretreatment device, a waste circuit board recovery device and a waste circuit board recovery device, wherein an inlet of the pretreatment device is connected with an outlet of a feeding device and is used for pretreating the waste circuit board from the feeding device or electronic waste containing the waste circuit board; the inlet of the cracking oiling device is connected with the outlet of the pretreatment device and is used for carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the waste circuit board material output by the pretreatment device; the inlet of the crushing/sorting device is connected with the solid material outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing and sorting the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking oiling device; and the inlet of the dust removal device is respectively connected with the dust outlets of the pretreatment device and the crushing/sorting device and is used for treating the dust which reaches the standard and is discharged. The equipment has the advantages of good decomposition effect, safety, labor saving, capability of continuously operating for 120 hours, low energy consumption, high productivity, no pollution and capability of reaching the metal recovery rate of 95-98 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a complete treatment device and a treatment method for waste circuit board recovery, in particular to a complete treatment device and a treatment method for waste circuit board harmlessness, and belongs to the field of non-ferrous metal reproduction.
Background
China is a large producing country and a large consuming country of electric and electronic products. With the continuous development of the times, the updating and upgrading speed of electric and electronic products is faster and faster, and a large number of electric and electronic products enter the elimination peak period. 2015 years of statistics according to work and beliefThe display shows that the scrappage of electrical and electronic products is more than 2 hundred million in China every year, and the weight of the electrical and electronic products exceeds 500 million tons. Substances or elements harmful to human, animals, plants, environment and the like contained in waste electric and electronic products comprise lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and hexavalent chromium (Cr) 6+ ) Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), ozone depleting substances and state regulated hazardous waste. Along with the well-blowout type production of electronic wastes and the intelligent and green transformation of the manufacturing industry of China, higher requirements on environmental protection are put forward, the recovery treatment of the waste electronic circuit boards becomes a social problem to be solved urgently, and a huge development opportunity is also provided for the waste circuit board (PCB) recycling market.
According to the introduction of related data, the annual rate of growth of the world printed circuit board industry is 8.7%, and the annual rate of growth of China is 14.4%. More than 40% of circuit boards are produced in China, and Zhujiang Delta and Long Jiang Sanjiao are centralized places of circuit board production enterprises in China. The waste circuit board is a mixture of glass fiber reinforced resin and a plurality of metals, and a large amount of leftover materials generated in the production and manufacturing of circuit boards cannot be easily processed, so that a large amount of useful resources are lost, and the environment is seriously damaged. At present, the quantity of waste circuit boards needing to be treated in China every year is more than 50 million tons, the market scale is more than 180 million yuan, and the annual production rate of the waste circuit boards reaches 20% in the next 5 years.
The waste printed circuit board is used as an important component of electronic waste, on one hand, the waste printed circuit board not only contains various common metals such as copper, gold, silver and the like, but also contains rare and precious metals, and has higher recycling value; on the other hand, the material also contains lead, cadmium, polyvinyl chloride plastic and other heavy metals and harmful substances, and has potential environmental pollution risks. The content of noble metal in the waste circuit board is up to 40 percent, the most is copper, and 200-350 kg of copper can be extracted from 1 ton of PCB; in addition, about 300g of gold and 500-2000 g of other noble metals can be extracted from 1 ton of waste circuit boards. The waste circuit board recycling project is a project with high profit space and wide development space in the current renewable resource utilization industry, and the average gross profit rate of the industry is about 17%. Meanwhile, the waste circuit board recycling technology is the most difficult recycling treatment process in the treatment of the waste electrical and electronic products at present. In China, most of small and medium-sized waste circuit board recycling enterprises fall behind in production process, high-value metal substances in the waste circuit boards are generally recycled by brutal means such as incineration, acid pickling and the like, the metal recovery rate is low, and the environmental pollution is serious.
At present, four processing schemes of a physical sorting technology, a pyrogenic smelting technology, a hydrometallurgy technology and a cracking method are mainly adopted by enterprises for processing waste circuit boards. By adopting the technical scheme of pyrometallurgical smelting, the problems of high equipment investment, high treatment cost and unsuitability for small-scale waste circuit board treatment exist; by adopting the wet smelting technical scheme, the consumption of chemical reagents is large, a large amount of wastewater which is difficult to treat is generated, the environmental pollution is large, and the method is suitable for refining precious metals and is not suitable for treating copper-clad circuit boards; by adopting the physical separation technical scheme, the process is simple, the treatment cost is low, the method is suitable for treating waste circuit boards and copper-clad plates, but the problem of epoxy resin cannot be solved; the cracking method is environment-friendly, but cannot solve the problem of glass fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a complete set of treatment equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, which mainly comprises a crushing device, an oiling device and a sorting device, can realize the recycling and harmless treatment of the waste circuit boards, not only separates and recycles copper, aluminum and glass fibers, but also solves the problem of environmental pollution. The invention also aims to provide a treatment method for recovering the waste circuit board, which adopts a process combining a cracking method and physical separation, effectively controls the cost, ensures environmental friendliness and realizes harmlessness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a complete set of treatment facility for old and useless circuit board recovery includes:
the inlet of the pretreatment device is connected with the outlet of the feeding device and is used for pretreating the waste circuit boards from the feeding device or the electronic waste containing the waste circuit boards;
the inlet of the cracking oiling device is connected with the outlet of the pretreatment device and is used for carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the waste circuit board material output by the pretreatment device;
the inlet of the crushing/sorting device is connected with the solid material outlet of the cracking and oiling device and is used for further crushing and sorting the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking and oiling device;
and the inlet of the dust removal device is respectively connected with the dust outlets of the pretreatment device and the crushing/sorting device and is used for treating dust so that the air is discharged after reaching the standard.
In the above complete processing apparatus for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment device includes: a first pretreatment device and/or a second pretreatment device; the first pretreatment device comprises a tin remover, and the tin remover is used for removing tin and electronic elements from the waste circuit board to obtain a light panel circuit board; the second pretreatment device comprises a first crusher, a first sorting machine and a manual sorting platform, wherein the first crusher is used for crushing the electronic waste containing the waste circuit board; the first separator is arranged behind the first crusher and is used for screening and filtering the crushed materials; the manual sorting platform is arranged in front of or behind the first sorting machine and used for manually sorting out larger materials; preferably, the second pretreatment device further comprises: the first magnetic separator is arranged between the first crusher and the first separator.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the first crusher is a chain crusher.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the first separator is a corrugated screening tank or a rotary screen.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the material processed by the first crusher is lump material smaller than 50mm × 50 mm; the particle diameter of the crushed material screened by the first separator is less than 20-40 mm; and the manual sorting platform is used for manually sorting the materials with the thickness of more than 100 mm.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the pyrolysis oiling device includes: a thermal decomposition tank, a catalyst tank, a cooling device, an oil storage tank and a gas burner; wherein the inlet of the thermal decomposition tank is connected with the outlet of the pretreatment device; the inlet of the catalyst tank is connected with the gas outlet of the thermal decomposition tank; the inlet of the cooling device is connected with the outlet of the catalyst groove; the inlet of the oil storage tank is connected with the oil outlet of the cooling device; the inlet of the gas burner is connected with the gas outlet of the cooling device.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the thermal decomposition tank includes a pyrolysis tank, a heating tank and a reversing device, wherein the pyrolysis tank is a place for accommodating the waste circuit board materials, the heating tank is used for heating the pyrolysis tank to enable a cracking reaction to occur in the pyrolysis tank, and the reversing device is disposed outside the heating tank and/or the pyrolysis tank and is used for reversing the pyrolysis tank and the heating tank so as to pour out the materials pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis tank.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the cooling device is a cooling tower, and a gas cooler, a tower top cooler and a cooler and circulation tank are arranged in the cooling tower, wherein the gas cooler and the tower top cooler are used for cooling the modified pyrolysis gas, and the cooler and circulation tank is used for recycling oil; the gas burner is a combustion furnace.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the crushing/sorting device includes: a second crusher, a second classifier, an electrostatic classifier; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the inlet of the second crusher is connected with the solid material outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking oiling device;
the inlet of the second separator is connected with the outlet of the second crusher and is used for separating heavy objects and light objects in the materials output by the second crusher;
the inlet of the electrostatic separator is connected with the dust outlet of the second separator and is used for separating glass fibers and metal powder in the dust;
preferably, the crushing/sorting apparatus further comprises: and the second magnetic separator is arranged between the second crusher and the second separator.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the second crusher is a hammer mill.
In the above complete processing equipment for waste circuit board recycling, as a preferred embodiment, the second separator includes an air current jigging separator and/or an eddy current separator.
In the above complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the dust removing device includes a dust removing device, and an inlet of the dust removing device is connected to the dust outlets of the first crusher and the second crusher respectively; preferably, the dust removing apparatus comprises a Z-screen, a multi-cone screen, a cyclone and an air-jet filter.
In the complete processing equipment for recycling the waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, a belt conveyor is adopted between each machine platform in the complete processing equipment to convey materials; preferably, the belt conveyor uses a herringbone rubber belt, and a protective cover is arranged on the belt conveyor.
A treatment method for waste circuit board recovery comprises the following steps:
a pretreatment step: pretreating different types of waste circuit boards;
an oil cracking step: carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the waste circuit board material obtained after the pretreatment step, and cooling to obtain regenerated oil and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
crushing and sorting: and crushing the metal and glass fiber mixture obtained in the oil cracking step, and then sorting to obtain different recycled materials.
As a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment step includes a first pretreatment step and/or a second pretreatment step; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the first pretreatment step is a detinning step, and the electronic elements are separated from the waste circuit board through a detinning machine to obtain a light panel circuit board;
the second preprocessing step includes the following substeps: the first substep, carry on the broken treatment to the electronic waste containing circuit board, in order to carry on the metal and nonmetal in the said electronic waste containing circuit board and split, break up; and a second substep: screening and filtering the waste circuit board material obtained in the substep one to obtain a crushed material with a certain particle size; preferably, the crushing treatment is performed by using a chain crusher; more preferably, the second substep in the second pretreatment step is further preceded by a substep of removing iron and a substep of manually sorting; preferably, a magnetic separator is used for removing iron, and materials with the thickness of more than 100mm are separated in a manual separation mode; furthermore, in the first substep, the electronic waste containing the circuit board can be crushed into blocks smaller than 50mm x 50mm, and the particle diameter of the crushed material obtained after the processing of the substep is smaller than 20 mm-40 mm.
As a preferred embodiment, the cracking and oiling step specifically includes the following substeps:
a cracking sub-step, namely heating the waste circuit board material obtained after the pretreatment step for cracking reaction to obtain pyrolysis gas and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
a modification substep, namely modifying the pyrolysis gas obtained in the cracking substep under the action of a catalyst, namely cutting the long carbon chain into short carbon chains;
a cooling substep, performing cooling liquefaction treatment on the pyrolysis gas subjected to the modification substep to obtain liquid regenerated oil and waste gas;
preferably, the heating temperature in the cracking sub-step is 400-600 ℃, and the pressure is less than or equal to 0.05Mpa;
in the cooling substep, light oil and heavy oil in the regenerated oil are independently recovered, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard through thermal combustion treatment, and the temperature of the combustion treatment is preferably 250-1050 ℃.
As a preferred embodiment, the crushing and sorting step specifically includes the following substeps:
a crushing sub-step, namely crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber produced in the cracking oiling step;
a separation substep, namely firstly subjecting the materials treated in the crushing substep to air flow jigging separation and/or eddy current separation to respectively obtain mixed metal products, glass fibers and dust; then the glass fiber and the metal powder are respectively obtained from the dust through electrostatic separation;
preferably, the pulverization treatment is carried out by a hammer mill;
more preferably, the sorting substep is preceded by an iron removal substep;
further preferably, when jigging separation is adopted, secondary separation is required if the material treated by the crushing substep contains aluminum, red metal and plastic.
As a preferred embodiment, the treatment method further comprises a dust removal step of treating dust generated in the pretreatment step and the crushing and sorting step by using dust removal equipment; more preferably, the dust generated in the crushing treatment in the second pretreatment step and the dust generated in the crushing treatment in the crushing and sorting step are all sent to the dust removing device for dust removal treatment so as to reach the standard and be discharged.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The decomposition effect is good: the waste circuit boards are produced into heavy oil and light oil, so that the resource recycling is really realized, the reaction temperature is 500 ℃, and harmful gases such as dioxin and the like cannot be generated; meanwhile, the regenerated oil produced by the oil producer can be used for production, so that the operation cost is reduced;
3) The safety is high: the reaction can be stopped urgently by filling nitrogen; some greenhouse gases can be decomposed by secondary combustion;
4) 7-9 manual operations are needed for disassembling materials by using the chain type crusher, and the chain type crusher can replace the original manual disassembly of 80-100 workers, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the workers are prevented from contacting toxic and harmful substances in the production process;
5) The environmental protection benefit is high: in the production process, no dust pollution is caused, and secondary pollution such as waste water, waste gas and the like is not generated in the production process;
6) The continuous operation can be carried out for 120 hours, the energy consumption is low, and the productivity is high;
7) The metal recovery rate is high and can reach 95-98%, and the metal content in the non-metal powder is less than 1%. The metal can be directly divided into copper, iron, aluminum and the like, the purity of the metal is as high as 99 percent and far exceeds the purity of domestic physical separation equipment (more than 80 percent in China), and the secondary pollution caused by mixing of nonmetal into the metal is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram and a schematic structural diagram of a complete processing equipment for waste circuit board recovery in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-detinning machine, 3-first crusher, 4-first magnetic separator (namely 1# magnetic separator), 5-first separator, 6-thermal decomposition tank, 7-catalyst tank, 8-cooling device, 9-gas burner, 10-second crusher, 11-second magnetic separator (namely 2# magnetic separator), 12-second separator, 13-electrostatic separator, 14-dedusting equipment, 15-first belt conveyor and 16-second belt conveyor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. For the electrical and communication fields, either a wired connection or a wireless connection is possible. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention provides a preferred embodiment of a complete set of treatment equipment for waste circuit board recovery, which mainly comprises a pretreatment device, a cracking oiling device, a crushing/sorting device and a dust removal device, and the following parts and the connection relationship thereof are described one by one, referring to fig. 1.
And the inlet of the pretreatment device is connected with the outlet of the feeding device and is used for pretreating the waste circuit board from the feeding device or the electronic waste containing the waste circuit board. Specifically, the pretreatment device includes: a first pretreatment device and/or a second pretreatment device; the first pretreatment device comprises a detinning machine 1, wherein the detinning machine 1 is used for pretreating the waste circuit board, namely, the tin and the electronic elements are separated from the waste circuit board to obtain the optical board circuit board, the optical board circuit board can be directly sent to the cracking oiling device, and the tin and the electronic elements can be recycled; the second pretreatment device comprises a first crusher 3, a first sorting machine 5 and a manual sorting platform, wherein the first crusher 3 is used for crushing electronic wastes containing waste circuit boards; the first separator 5 is arranged behind the first crusher 3 and used for screening and filtering the materials crushed by the first crusher 3 so as to facilitate subsequent thermal cracking; the manual sorting platform is arranged in front of or behind the first sorting machine 5 and used for manually sorting out larger materials. Preferably, the second pretreatment device further comprises: a first magnetic separator 4 (i.e. the # 1 magnetic separator in fig. 1), the first magnetic separator 4 being disposed between the first crusher 3 and the first separator 5 for removing magnetic substances such as iron from the material crushed by the first crusher 3. In the pretreatment device, the first crusher 3 can be common crushing equipment, but is preferably a chain crusher, which can treat not only circuit boards but also small electronic wastes directly, can disassemble, break and crush incoming materials and separate connected electric wires and plastics; the first classifier 5 may be a general classification device, preferably a corrugated screening trough or a trommel. Preferably, the material processed by the first crusher 3 is lump material smaller than 50mm × 50 mm; the particle diameter of the crushed materials screened by the first sorting machine 5 is less than 20 mm-40 mm (such as 22mm, 25mm, 28mm, 32mm, 35mm and 38 mm), and the materials larger than 100mm are sorted manually on the manual sorting platform.
And an inlet of the cracking oiling device is connected with a material outlet of the pretreatment device, and the cracking oiling device is used for performing cracking oiling treatment on waste circuit board materials (such as sorted crushed materials or circuit boards of optical plates treated by the detinning machine 1) output by the pretreatment device to respectively obtain regenerated oil and a mixture of metal and glass fiber. Specifically, the pyrolysis oiling device comprises: the device comprises a thermal decomposition tank 6, a catalyst tank 7, a cooling device 8, an oil storage tank and a gas burner 9, wherein an inlet of the thermal decomposition tank 6 is connected with an outlet of a pretreatment device and is used for carrying out thermal cracking treatment on waste circuit board materials output by the pretreatment device to respectively obtain thermal cracking gas and a mixture of metal and glass fiber; the inlet of the catalyst tank 7 is connected with the gas outlet of the thermal decomposition tank, and the thermal decomposition gas from the thermal decomposition tank is modified (i.e. the long carbon chains are cut into short carbon chains) under the action of the catalyst in the catalyst tank 7; the inlet of the cooling device 8 is connected with the outlet of the catalyst tank 7, and the modified pyrolysis gas is cooled and liquefied in the cooling device 8 for oil-gas separation; the inlet of the oil storage tank is connected with the oil outlet of the cooling device 8 and used for recovering the regenerated oil; the inlet of the gas burner 9 is connected with the gas outlet of the cooling device 8, and is used for carrying out combustion treatment on the gas discharged from the cooling device 8, and the gas after the combustion treatment reaches the standard and is discharged. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermal decomposition tank 6 comprises a pyrolysis tank, a heating tank and a reversing device, wherein the pyrolysis tank is a place for containing the waste circuit board materials, the heating tank is used for heating the pyrolysis tank to enable the pyrolysis tank to perform the cracking reaction, and the reversing device is arranged outside the heating tank and/or the pyrolysis tank and is used for reversing the pyrolysis tank and the heating tank so as to pour out the solid materials, such as a mixture of metal and glass fibers, after the thermal cracking reaction in the pyrolysis tank. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling apparatus 8 is a cooling tower, and a gas cooler, a tower top cooler and a cooler/circulation tank for recovering oil are provided in the cooling tower, wherein the gas cooler and the tower top cooler are used for cooling the reformed thermal cracking gas. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas burner 9 may be a combustion furnace. The heat source of the heating tank can be regenerated oil recovered by thermal cracking, and natural gas can also be used.
Specifically, the inlet of the cracking and oiling device of the present invention is connected to the material outlet of the second pretreatment device, and is further connected or communicated with the outlet of the first pretreatment device (i.e., the detinning machine 1 in the embodiment of the present invention), when the waste circuit board is treated, the optical board circuit board obtained after the waste circuit board is treated by the detinning machine 1 is transported from the outlet of the detinning machine 1 to the cracking and oiling device, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the optical board circuit board obtained by the detinning machine 1 is transported to the pyrolysis tank of the thermal decomposition tank 6 to be subjected to the thermal cracking treatment. When the processed raw material is electronic waste containing waste circuit boards, the material of the waste sorted by the first sorting machine 5 enters the thermal decomposition tank 6 to be subjected to the heating cracking treatment.
And the inlet of the crushing/sorting device is connected with the outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing and sorting the metal and glass fiber mixture output by the cracking oiling device. Specifically, the crushing/sorting device includes: the device comprises a second crusher 10, a second separator 12 and an electrostatic separator 13, wherein the inlet of the second crusher 10 is connected with the outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking oiling device; the inlet of the second separator 12 is connected with the outlet of the second crusher 10, and is used for separating heavy objects (such as metal, such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel and the like) and light objects (such as plastic, such as glass fiber) in the material output by the second crusher 10; an inlet of the electrostatic classifier 13 is connected to a dust outlet of the second classifier 12 for separating glass fibers and metal powder from the dust. Preferably, the crushing/sorting device further comprises: a second magnetic separator 11 (i.e. the # 2 magnetic separator in fig. 1) is arranged between the second crusher 10 and the second separator 12 for removing iron. Preferably, the second crusher 10 is a hammer mill, which has better treatment effect than a general crusher; preferably, the second separator 12 includes a jigging separator for performing gravity separation and/or an eddy current separator for performing magnetic separation, which may be set at the same time but not operated at the same time, but selectively used according to the material condition. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crushing/sorting device comprises: the device comprises a hammer mill, a second magnetic separator 11, an air flow jigging separator and an electrostatic separator 13, wherein the hammer mill is connected with the thermal decomposition tank 6 and is used for further crushing a mixture of metal and glass fiber from the thermal decomposition tank 6, iron in the crushed material is separated by the second magnetic separator 11, nonferrous metals (such as copper and aluminum) and glass fiber in the material are separated by the air flow jigging separator, and finally dust in the air flow jigging separator is introduced into the electrostatic separator 13 and metal powder and glass fiber are separated from the electrostatic separator 13.
And the inlet of the dust removal device is respectively connected with the dust outlets of the pretreatment device and the crushing/sorting device and is used for treating dust so that the air is discharged after reaching the standard. Specifically, the dust removing device comprises a dust removing device 14, and an inlet of the dust removing device 14 is connected with dust outlets of the first crusher 3 and the second crusher 10 respectively, so as to discharge redundant air and dust, reduce dust raising amount and improve working environment. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dust removing device 14 includes a Z-type screen, a multi-cone screen, a cyclone type dust remover and an air jet type filter, wherein the Z-type screen, the multi-cone screen and the cyclone type dust remover are used for separating dust with different weights and different particles, and the air jet type filter is used for final dust removal.
Preferably, a belt conveyor is adopted between each machine platform in the set of processing equipment to convey materials. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to avoid the downward sliding of the materials during the discharging climbing, the belt conveyor uses a herringbone rubber belt; the belt conveyor is also subjected to closed treatment for avoiding foreign matters from entering, namely, a closed buffer treatment device is arranged, for example, a protective cover is arranged on the belt conveyor.
The invention also provides a treatment method for recovering the waste circuit board, which comprises the following steps:
a pretreatment step: pretreating different types of waste circuit boards;
an oil cracking step: carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the PCB waste obtained after pretreatment, and cooling to obtain regenerated oil and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
crushing and sorting: the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber obtained in the step of the oil cracking is firstly crushed and then sorted to respectively obtain different recycled materials.
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the pretreatment step includes a first pretreatment step and/or a second pretreatment step; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the first pretreatment step is a detinning step, namely, tin and electronic components are separated from the waste circuit board through a detinning machine, wherein tin and electronic components (heavy metals such as tin, lead, nickel and the like are basically in the electronic components) are removed and recovered, and the optical circuit board is left to directly enter the cracking oiling step for cracking oiling treatment;
the second preprocessing step includes the following substeps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the electronic waste containing the circuit board is crushed so as to split and break up metals such as iron and non-metals such as plastics in the electronic waste containing the circuit board; and a second substep: screening and filtering the waste circuit board obtained in the first substep to obtain a crushed material with a certain particle size; preferably, the crushing treatment is performed using a chain crusher. Preferably, the second pretreatment step is further preceded by an iron removal substep and a manual sorting substep. More preferably, the iron is removed by a magnetic separator, and the materials with the size of more than 100mm are separated by manual separation. Further preferably, in the first sub-step, the electronic waste containing the circuit board can be crushed into blocks smaller than 50mm × 50mm, and after the screening and filtering treatment in the second sub-step, the particle diameter of the crushed material is smaller than 20mm to 40mm (for example, 22mm, 25mm, 28mm, 32mm, 35mm, 38 mm).
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the cracking and oiling step specifically includes the following substeps:
a cracking sub-step, namely heating the PCB waste obtained after pretreatment for cracking reaction to obtain pyrolysis gas and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
a modification substep, namely modifying the pyrolysis gas obtained in the cracking substep under the action of a catalyst, namely cutting the long carbon chains into short carbon chains;
and a cooling substep, wherein the pyrolysis gas after the modification substep is subjected to cooling liquefaction treatment to obtain liquid regenerated oil and waste gas.
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, in the cracking and oiling step, the heating temperature in the cracking sub-step is 400-600 ℃ (for example, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 450 ℃, 480 ℃, 520 ℃, 550 ℃, 580 ℃, 590 ℃), and the pressure is less than or equal to 0.05Mpa. The cracking step is to heat the PCB waste under the condition of isolating air, control the temperature and pressure, so that the organic substances in the PCB waste are decomposed and converted into oil gas, and the oil gas can be recovered after being condensed and collected. Since the cracking substep is carried out under oxygen-free conditions, the generation of dioxin and furan can be suppressed, the amount of exhaust gas generated is small, and environmental pollution is small.
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, in the cooling substep, after oil/gas separation, light oil and heavy oil in the regenerated oil are independently recycled, and the waste gas is discharged after reaching standards through thermal combustion treatment. Uncooled tail gas (namely waste gas) generated in the oil recovery process mainly comprises methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butylene, butane and the like, and is discharged after reaching the standard after being combusted by a gas combustor, wherein the temperature of the combustion furnace is 250-1050 ℃.
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the step of crushing and sorting specifically includes the following substeps:
a crushing substep, wherein the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber produced in the cracking oiling step is crushed; preferably, the pulverization treatment is carried out by a hammer mill, and different types and sizes of metal balls are formed by twisting different metals with different ductility characteristics.
A separation substep, in which the materials treated by the crushing substep are subjected to air flow jigging separation and/or eddy current separation to respectively obtain mixed metal products (such as copper, aluminum and stainless steel), glass fibers and dust; then the glass fiber and the metal powder (such as copper powder) are respectively obtained by electrostatic sorting of the dust. The glass fiber is separated from the metal through two sorting, the metal part is sorted out, the metal recovery rate is improved, and meanwhile, the glass fiber can be sold again, so that the effective utilization of resources is facilitated. More preferably, the sorting substep is preceded by an iron removal substep. More preferably, when jigging is used, secondary sorting is required if the material subjected to the sub-step of pulverization contains aluminum, red metal (mainly copper, and a small amount of noble metal such as zinc, gold, silver, etc.), and plastic.
In the above processing method for recycling waste circuit boards, as a preferred embodiment, the processing method further includes a dust removal step, and the pre-processing step is performed by a dust removal deviceDust produced in the steps of crushing, and sorting; more preferably, the dust generated in the chain crushing in the second pretreatment step and in the crushing and sorting step is discharged after being sent to a dust removing device for dust removal treatment, and the dust content of the discharged gas is preferably as low as 10mg/m 3 。
The above method is completed by using the complete processing equipment of the present invention, and the complete processing equipment and the processing method for waste circuit board recovery according to the present invention are described below with reference to the embodiments.
Examples
The structure of the complete processing equipment for recycling waste circuit boards provided by the preferred embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the equipment mainly comprises the following devices: a detinning machine, a magnetic separator, a chain crusher, a ripple screening tank, a thermal decomposition tank, a catalyst tank, a cooling device, an oil storage tank, a gas burner (particularly a combustion furnace), a hammer mill, an air current jigging separator, an electrostatic separator and a belt conveyor; the devices are all commercial products, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) 2 belt conveyors. The conveyor is 6000mm long, in order to avoid downward sliding of materials during discharging and climbing, a herringbone black rubber belt is adopted, the horizontal elevation angle of the machine body is 25 degrees, the machine body is made of a 20 # steel material, the foot column is made of a square tube, a magnetic head wheel is adopted as a head wheel, the linear speed of the belt is 4455mm/min, the conveyor is driven by a speed reducing motor with a power supply AC3 phi x 380V x 50Hz, and the processing capacity is more than 5000 kg/hr.
2) And 1, detinning machine.
3) The belt type magnetic separator 3 is provided, the length and width of the magnetic discs are not less than 750 × 900mm, and the magnetic field intensity cannot be lower than 4000 gausses. The frame material uses 20 # steel material, the belt width is 700mm, and the belt material is double-sided rubber material cladding reinforcing core body.
4) 1 chain crusher. The rotor chain type crusher with powerful airflow screening function is used in crushing waste circuit board into small blocks and has the working principle that the waste electronic circuit board is crushed into lump material smaller than 50mm and 50mm through shearing the movable cutter of the driving shaft and the movable cutter and the static cutter of the driven shaft.
5) Corrugated screen slot 1 platform.
6) Cracking and oiling device.
A thermal decomposition tank: comprises 1 pyrolysis tank, 1 heating tank and 1 decomposing tank reversing device; the diameter and height of the reaction tank of the pyrolysis tank are 800X 2138mm, the material is 304 stainless steel, and the effective capacity is 4.5m 3 (ii) a The diameter and height of the heating tank are 600 x 3250mm, the material is SS400+ fire-resistant heat-insulating material, and an oil combustion heating system is adopted; the length, width and height of the reversing device of the decomposing tank are 3400 × 3800 × 5500mm, the material is SS440, and the reversing device is reversed at 120 ℃. Waste plastics and the like charged into a thermal decomposition tank of the facility are thermally decomposed and gasified.
A catalyst tank: 1 catalyst groove, diameter and height of the reactor 770X 885mm, material of 304 stainless steel, capacity of 0.35m 3 . The pyrolysis gas is reformed (long carbon chains are cut into short carbon chains) by the catalyst in the catalyst tank.
A cooling device: the cooling tower has 1 piece, and the length, width and height are 1400 multiplied by 31000 multiplied by 2275mm. The circulating water temperature is 20 ℃; 1 gas cooler with diameter and height of 712 × 2900mm, made of 304 stainless steel and SS440, and adopting oil spray gas cooling method; the number of the top coolers is 1, the diameter and the height of the top coolers are 500 multiplied by 2500mm, the materials are 304 stainless steel and SS440, and the cooling capacity is 46500 kilocalories/H; a cooler also serving as a circulating groove, the length, the width and the height of which are 900 multiplied by 1250 multiplied by 850mm, the material is 304 stainless steel, and the capacity is 0.75m 3 . The oil is cooled and liquefied in the cooler, and thereby the regenerated oil is recovered. The cooling recovery is divided into two parts, namely light oil and heavy oil are independently recovered.
The oiling device frame is 1 and is made of SS400 (rust prevention).
7) 1 hammer mill: the solid material discharged from the cracking and oiling device, namely the mixture of metal and glass fiber, is further crushed. Different metals are twisted into metal balls with different types and sizes by utilizing different ductility characteristics of the different metals.
8) 1 air flow jigging separator. The air jigging separator can separate heavy objects (such as metal) and light objects (such as plastic) according to the weight of the materials and the difference of particle composition. The material moves upwards along the inclined jigger plane. The ventilator blows air in the opposite direction of the movement of the materials, so that the light materials can not keep moving upwards and come out from the lower outlet of the air flow jigging separator, and only heavy materials can come out from the upper outlet. The air flow jigging separator can separate two materials at a time. If the mixed material contains aluminum, red metal and plastic, secondary sorting is needed. In the first sorting, heavy metals and light plastics can be sorted out. In the secondary sorting, relatively heavy red metals and relatively light aluminum can be sorted out.
9) Electrostatic classifier 1 stage: the device is mainly used for separating a small amount of metals from dust output by the air flow jigging separator. The main working principle is a method for realizing re-separation by utilizing the difference of the electrical property of each component in the solid material in a high-voltage electric field.
10 Dust removing device 1 set: the chain type crusher can generate dust in the crushing process; in addition, in the process of hammer milling, fresh air flow is continuously conveyed into the hammer milling machine, and the air flow is used for cooling the hammer milling machine and discharging materials of the hammer milling machine and can extract fine materials and flocks generated in the feeding process or the hammer milling process. And separating dust with different weights and different particles by a cyclone dust remover. The remaining gas flow is conveyed by the gas pipe to a gas jet filter for final dust removal. Can ensure that the dust content of the discharged gas is as low as 10mg/m 3 。
Referring to fig. 1, the connection relationship of the above devices is:
the outlet of the feeding device (not shown in the figure) is connected with the inlet of the detinning machine 1; the outlet of the light plate circuit board of the detinning machine 1 is connected with the inlet of the thermal decomposition tank 6;
the outlet of the feeding device (not shown in the figure) is connected with the inlet of the chain crusher through a first belt conveyor 15; the outlet of the chain crusher is connected with the inlet of the first magnetic separator 4; the outlet of the first magnetic separator 4 is connected with the inlet of the corrugated screening groove; the outlet of the corrugated screening groove is connected with the inlet of the thermal decomposition groove 6 through a second belt conveyor 16; a manual sorting platform is arranged beside the second belt conveyor 16;
a thermal decomposition tank 6, a catalyst tank 7 and a cooling device 8 in the pyrolysis oil device are connected in sequence; wherein, the solid outlet of the thermal decomposition tank 6 is connected with the inlet of the hammer mill, and the gas outlet of the thermal decomposition tank 6 is connected with the inlet of the catalyst tank 7; the outlet of the catalyst tank 7 is connected with the inlet of the cooling device 8; the waste gas outlet of the cooling device 8 is connected with the inlet of the gas burner 9, and the liquid outlet of the cooling device 8 is connected with the oil storage tank;
in the sorting device, an inlet of a hammer mill is connected with a solid outlet of the thermal decomposition tank, and an outlet of the hammer mill is connected with an inlet of a second magnetic separator 11; the outlet of the second magnetic separator 11 is connected with the inlet of the air flow jigging separator 12; the dust outlet of the air flow jigging separator 12 is connected with the inlet of the electrostatic separator 13;
furthermore, the dust outlet of the chain crusher 3 is connected to the inlet of the dust-removing device 14; the dust outlet of the hammer mill is connected to the inlet of the dust removal device 14.
The treatment method for disassembling and recycling the waste cable by adopting the complete treatment equipment comprises the following technical processes: a pretreatment step (comprising detinning; and/or, crushing-magnetic separation-screening); an oil cracking step (cracking-catalytic reforming-gas cooling-oil/gas separation-gas combustion); a crushing and sorting step (crushing-magnetic separation-sorting); and a dust removal step. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) And (4) detinning. And stripping the electronic element from the waste circuit board by using a detinning machine 1 to obtain the electronic element, tin and the optical board circuit board respectively. Heavy metals such as tin, lead, nickel and the like in the waste circuit board are basically in the electronic element, and after the electronic element is removed, the waste circuit board basically does not contain the heavy metals. For the complete circuit board and the circuit board leftover materials, the tin is removed and the materials directly enter a thermal decomposition tank 6, namely enter the next working procedure, namely a cracking working procedure, so that the separation rate can be improved.
2) Crushing, magnetic separation and screening. Firstly, feeding electronic waste (such as scrapped laptop) containing circuit boards into a chain type crusher for chain type crushing, scattering iron, plastics and larger electronic components attached to the electronic waste, and crushing the waste electronic circuit boards into lump materials smaller than 50mm multiplied by 50mm by adopting a rotor chain type crusher with a powerful airflow screening function; then, manually sorting out materials with the thickness of more than 100 mm; then, after being magnetically separated and deironized by a first magnetic separator 4, the crushed materials with the particle diameter smaller than 20mm are screened by a corrugated screening tank 5, and are sent into a thermal decomposition tank 6, namely, the next working procedure, namely the cracking working procedure is carried out. The crushing-magnetic separation-screening steps in the invention are to ensure that the subsequent cracking of the materials is more thorough and the cracking efficiency is improved.
3) And (4) cracking. The method is carried out in a thermal decomposition tank 6, specifically, the waste circuit board materials obtained in the step 1) or the step 2) are put into a pyrolysis tank, air in the pyrolysis tank is replaced by nitrogen, the pyrolysis tank is put into a heating tank, external heating is carried out through the heating tank, after the temperature in the pyrolysis tank reaches 500 ℃, plastics (such as epoxy resin) contained in the waste circuit board materials are subjected to thermal decomposition and gasification, after the gasification is finished, the pyrolysis tank is moved out from the heating tank, the next tank is changed, and production is continued.
4) And (4) catalytic reforming. The decomposed gas generated in the pyrolysis tank is sent to a catalyst tank, and is catalytically reformed by a silica catalyst to be reformed into short carbon chains (long carbon chains are cut).
5) And (5) cooling the gas. Comprises a gas cooling area device and an overhead cooler. The oil gas produced by the catalytic reforming is liquefied in a cooling device 8, and the temperature of the circulating water is 20 ℃ or lower by adopting pump circulation and using an oil mist gas cooling method and a multi-pipe water cooling method.
6) Oil/gas separation. In the oil recovery, oil is recovered by an oil cooler in a cooler/circulation tank, and the oil is recovered by a pump circulation system to an oil storage tank, wherein light oil and heavy oil are recovered independently. Uncooled tail gas generated in the oil recovery process mainly comprises methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butylene, butane and the like, and is discharged after reaching standards after being combusted in a combustion furnace, wherein the temperature of the combustion furnace is 250-1050 ℃. The plastic consumption of a thermal decomposition tank in the oil cracking device is 100kg, and the temperature in the thermal decomposition tank is 500 ℃; the mass of the oil produced after cracking is 51.10kg, which is 51.1 percent of the mass of the plastic; the liquefied petroleum gas has a gas density of 2.35kg/Nm 3 The calorific value of the liquefied petroleum gas is 44750Kj/m 3 . The residual substance after the decomposition of the plastic is the plastic41.0% of the material mass, and 7.9% of the non-condensable gas in the total mass of the plastic.
7) Crushing, magnetic separation and sorting. The mixture of the metal and the glass fiber generated in the step 3) is sent into a hammer mill 10 for further crushing, a blade rotating at a high speed in the hammer mill crushes small materials one step to obtain fine materials with the granularity less than 2mm, and different metals are twisted into metal balls with different types and sizes by utilizing different ductility characteristics of the different metals; then screening the iron metal by a third magnetic separator 11; then separating out nonferrous metals (copper, aluminum and stainless steel), glass fiber and dust by an airflow jigging separator 12; finally, other metal powder is further separated from the dust by an electrostatic separator 13, and finally, glass fiber is remained.
8) Dust removal and other environmental protection measures. Mainly treats waste gas, waste water, solid waste and noise. Wastewater and noise are continuously generated; for noise, the pollution is reduced through vibration reduction and sound insulation; for the wastewater, domestic sewage is pretreated by a septic tank and then is brought into a sewage pipe network for discharge. The waste gas generated by cracking is discharged after reaching the standard after being combusted by a combustion furnace, namely the waste gas (non-condensable gas) in the cracking process of the waste circuit board is about 1.42 percent of the mass of the waste circuit board, and the waste gas (non-condensable gas) is combusted by the combustion furnace to produce H 2 O and CO 2 And the waste gas is discharged through a chimney, so that the waste gas pollution is basically not generated. Regarding solid waste, the separated solid waste is sold to the outside, and the refractory residue is sold to relevant recovery units. Regarding dust, dust with different weights and different particles is separated by a dust removing device, particularly a Z-shaped sieve, a multi-cone sieve and a cyclone dust remover, and then final dust removal is carried out by a filter, so that the dust content of the discharged gas can be ensured to be as low as 10mg/m by the filter 3 。
In this embodiment, the power of the whole production line is 775KW, and 800t of iron, 3200t of nonferrous metal (containing noble metals such as gold and silver about 10 tons) and 1500t of oil can be produced in the year of processing the waste circuit boards. Crushing line in the pretreatment apparatus (line for performing the step 2) crushing-magnetic separation-screening): the annual normal operation hours are more than 7000 hours; the normal continuous time of the crushing production line is not less than 120 hours, the output is 2-3t/h (circuit board after pretreatment), and the theoretical maximum capacity of the equipment is 15000 t/year (circuit board after pretreatment); the metal sorting efficiency is more than 98 percent.
The complete treatment process provided by the invention comprises the steps of crushing, screening and sorting a circuit board into small-particle materials, or sending a light panel circuit board obtained after tin removal into a thermal decomposition tank of an oiling and cracking device for cracking reaction, and performing thermal decomposition and gasification on a raw material part to leave a mixture of metal and glass fiber; on one hand, decomposed gas generated in the thermal decomposition tank is sent to a catalyst tank to be catalytically reformed and modified into short carbon chain substances, then modified oil gas is liquefied to obtain cooling oil to be recovered, and uncondensed tail gas generated in the oil recovery process is combusted by a combustion furnace to reach the standard and is discharged; on the other hand, the metal and glass fiber mixture is further crushed by a hammer mill and finally sorted by an airflow jigging sorting device, so that copper, aluminum, stainless steel and glass fiber are thoroughly separated and recycled, and metal powder and glass fiber are further separated and recycled by electrostatic sorting. The complete treatment process provided by the invention has the advantages of high recovery efficiency, good decomposition effect, environmental protection and no pollution.
Due to the complexity of PCB materials, the separation of copper, aluminum and glass fiber is difficult to be complete, and each parameter in the complete processing equipment, namely the processing method can be adjusted according to the actual operation condition accounting result, so that the selection of key parameters in the invention can be changed appropriately in the specific implementation process without departing from the scope of the appended claims of the invention. The invention is especially suitable for crushing, cracking and sorting the waste circuit boards.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A complete set of treatment equipment for waste circuit board recovery, characterized in that, the equipment includes:
the inlet of the pretreatment device is connected with the outlet of the feeding device and is used for pretreating the waste circuit board from the feeding device or the electronic waste containing the waste circuit board;
the pretreatment device comprises: the first pretreatment device and/or the second pretreatment device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first pretreatment device comprises a tin removing machine which is used for removing tin and electronic elements from the waste circuit board to obtain a light panel circuit board;
the second pretreatment device comprises a first crusher, a first sorting machine and a manual sorting platform, wherein the first crusher is used for crushing the electronic waste containing the waste circuit board; the first separator is arranged behind the first crusher and is used for screening and filtering crushed materials; the manual sorting platform is arranged in front of or behind the first sorting machine and used for manually sorting out larger materials;
the second preprocessing unit further includes: the first magnetic separator is arranged between the first crusher and the first separator; the first crusher is a chain crusher; the first separator is a corrugated screening groove or a rotary screen; the material processed by the first crusher is lump material with the size less than 50mm multiplied by 50 mm; the particle diameter of the crushed material screened by the first separator is less than 20-40 mm; the manual sorting platform is used for manually sorting materials larger than 100 mm;
the inlet of the cracking oiling device is connected with the outlet of the pretreatment device and is used for carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the waste circuit board material output by the pretreatment device;
the pyrolysis oiling device comprises: the device comprises a thermal decomposition tank, a catalyst tank, a cooling device, an oil storage tank and a gas burner; wherein the inlet of the thermal decomposition tank is connected with the outlet of the pretreatment device; the inlet of the catalyst tank is connected with the gas outlet of the thermal decomposition tank; the inlet of the cooling device is connected with the outlet of the catalyst groove; the inlet of the oil storage tank is connected with the oil outlet of the cooling device; the inlet of the gas burner is connected with the gas outlet of the cooling device;
the thermal decomposition tank comprises a pyrolysis tank, a heating tank and a reversing device, wherein the pyrolysis tank is a place for containing the waste circuit board materials, the heating tank is used for heating the pyrolysis tank to enable cracking reaction to occur in the pyrolysis tank, and the reversing device is arranged outside the heating tank and/or the pyrolysis tank and is used for reversing the pyrolysis tank and the heating tank so as to pour out the materials pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis tank;
the cooling device is a cooling tower, and a gas cooler, a tower top cooler and a cooler and circulating tank are arranged in the cooling tower, wherein the gas cooler and the tower top cooler are used for cooling the modified pyrolysis gas, and the cooler and circulating tank is used for recovering oil; the gas burner is a combustion furnace;
when the waste circuit board is treated, the light board circuit board obtained after the waste circuit board is treated by the detinning machine is conveyed to a pyrolysis oiling device from an outlet of the detinning machine; when the electronic waste containing the waste circuit board is treated, the materials of the electronic waste sorted by the first sorting machine enter the thermal decomposition tank to be subjected to heating and cracking treatment;
the inlet of the crushing/sorting device is connected with the solid material outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing and sorting the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking oiling device;
the crushing/sorting apparatus includes: a second crusher, a second classifier, an electrostatic classifier; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the inlet of the second crusher is connected with the solid material outlet of the cracking oiling device and is used for further crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber output by the cracking oiling device; the second crusher is a hammer mill;
the inlet of the second separator is connected with the outlet of the second crusher and is used for separating heavy objects and light objects in the materials output by the second crusher; the second separator comprises an air flow jigging separator and/or an eddy current separator;
the inlet of the electrostatic separator is connected with the dust outlet of the second separator and is used for separating glass fibers and metal powder in dust;
the crushing/sorting apparatus further comprises: the second magnetic separator is arranged between the second crusher and the second separator;
the inlet of the dust removal device is respectively connected with the dust outlets of the pretreatment device and the crushing/sorting device and is used for processing dust so that the air is discharged after reaching the standard;
the dust removing device comprises dust removing equipment, and an inlet of the dust removing equipment is respectively connected with dust outlets of the first crusher and the second crusher; the dust removing equipment comprises a Z-shaped sieve, a multi-cone sieve, a cyclone dust remover and an air-jet filter.
2. The plant for recycling waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 1, wherein a belt conveyor is used for conveying materials between the machines in the plant.
3. The plant for recycling waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 2, wherein the belt conveyor uses a herringbone rubber belt, and a protective cover is arranged on the belt conveyor.
4. A processing method for waste circuit board recovery, which is implemented by using the complete processing equipment for waste circuit board recovery of any one of claims 1-3, and comprises the following steps:
a pretreatment step: pretreating different types of waste circuit boards;
an oil cracking step: carrying out cracking oiling treatment on the waste circuit board material obtained after the pretreatment step, and cooling to obtain regenerated oil and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
crushing and sorting: and crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber obtained in the oil cracking step, and then sorting to obtain different recycled materials respectively.
5. The processing method for recycling the waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pretreatment step comprises a first pretreatment step and/or a second pretreatment step; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the first pretreatment step is a detinning step, and the electronic element is separated from the waste circuit board through a detinning machine to obtain a light panel circuit board;
the second preprocessing step includes the following substeps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, electronic waste containing a circuit board is crushed, so that metal and nonmetal in the electronic waste containing the circuit board can be split and scattered; and a second substep: screening and filtering the waste circuit board material obtained in the first substep to obtain a crushed material with a certain particle size; the crushing treatment is carried out by adopting a chain crusher; a second substep in the second pretreatment step is also preceded by a substep of removing iron and a substep of manually sorting; removing iron by using a magnetic separator, and sorting out materials with the thickness of more than 100mm in a manual sorting mode; in the first substep, the electronic waste containing the circuit board can be crushed into blocks smaller than 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the particle diameter of the crushed material obtained after the processing of the substep is smaller than 20 mm-40 mm.
6. The processing method for recycling waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the cracking and oiling step comprises the following substeps:
a cracking sub-step, namely heating the waste circuit board material obtained after the pretreatment step for cracking reaction to obtain pyrolysis gas and a mixture of metal and glass fiber;
a modification substep, namely modifying the pyrolysis gas obtained in the cracking substep under the action of a catalyst, namely cutting long carbon chains into short carbon chains;
and a cooling substep, wherein the pyrolysis gas after the modification substep is subjected to cooling liquefaction treatment to obtain liquid regenerated oil and waste gas.
7. The processing method for recycling waste circuit boards according to claim 6,
the heating temperature in the cracking sub-step is 400-600 ℃, and the pressure is less than or equal to 0.05Mpa;
in the cooling substep, light oil and heavy oil in the reclaimed oil are independently recovered, the waste gas is discharged after reaching the standard through hot combustion treatment, and the temperature of the combustion treatment is 250-1050 ℃.
8. The processing method for recycling waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 7, wherein the crushing and sorting step comprises the following substeps:
a crushing substep, crushing the mixture of the metal and the glass fiber produced in the cracking oiling step;
a separation substep, namely firstly subjecting the materials treated in the crushing substep to air flow jigging separation and/or eddy current separation to respectively obtain mixed metal products, glass fibers and dust; then the glass fiber and the metal powder are respectively obtained from the dust through electrostatic separation;
the crushing treatment is carried out by adopting a hammer mill;
the sorting substep is also preceded by a deironing substep;
when the air jigging separation is adopted, secondary separation is needed if the materials processed by the crushing substep contain aluminum, red metal and plastic.
9. The processing method for recycling waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a dust removal step of processing dust generated in the pretreatment step and the pulverization and sorting step by a dust removal device; and when the second pretreatment step is used for crushing treatment, and the crushing and sorting steps are used for crushing treatment, the generated dust is sent to the dust removal device for dust removal treatment, so that the dust is discharged after reaching the standard.
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| WO2019222878A1 (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-28 | Que nanping | Pyrolysis and liquation-based continuous treatment apparatus for waste circuit boards/waste enamelled wires |
| CN109680152A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Circuit board recovery method |
| JP7146176B2 (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2022-10-04 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Disposal method for waste electronic substrates |
| CN110919913A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-27 | 益阳宏伟有色金属有限公司 | Method for extracting aluminum powder from waste plastic oil residue |
| CN112608756B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-07-15 | 深圳市环保科技集团股份有限公司 | Anaerobic dry distillation treatment method for waste paint slag |
| CN113751173B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-03-24 | 天津格润爱德环保科技有限公司 | Solid waste crushing treatment system |
| CN114029320A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-11 | 广州爱锋派环保科技有限公司 | Waste mobile phone circuit board cracking method and device |
| CN114769281A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-22 | 江西格林循环产业股份有限公司 | Small household appliance recycling and sorting system |
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