CN108642286B - Circuit board processing method - Google Patents
Circuit board processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108642286B CN108642286B CN201810411602.4A CN201810411602A CN108642286B CN 108642286 B CN108642286 B CN 108642286B CN 201810411602 A CN201810411602 A CN 201810411602A CN 108642286 B CN108642286 B CN 108642286B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method of a circuit board. The processing method comprises the following steps: cracking the circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid slag; and performing side-blown smelting on the heavy metal sludge by using the pyrolysis flue gas as part of fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge. The pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has higher temperature and contains a plurality of organic matters, so the pyrolysis flue gas has higher heat value, when the cracking process of the circuit board is combined with the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel for the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge so as to fully utilize the part of heat value, simultaneously, the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the organic matters is avoided, and the side-blown smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge is reduced. The side-blown smelting process can ensure that the pollution degree of smelting flue gas is lower through full combustion under the oxygen-enriched condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of processing of circuit boards, in particular to a processing method of a circuit board.
Background
The waste amount of 14 types of products brought into the management catalog in 2017 is continuously increased, the disassembly is still mainly performed on four-machine one-computer products, and the treatment amount is still kept stable or slightly increased. The competition among processing enterprises is increasingly intense, so that the processing enterprises face the capital operation pressure, the industrial profit is continuously reduced, small enterprises are difficult to keep sustainable development, the parallel recombination in the industry is continuously active, and the industrial concentration of recycling of waste electric and electronic products is further improved. The waste electric and electronic product processing enterprises begin to mainly disassemble and develop towards the deep processing direction, and the enterprises continue to explore the deep processing treatment so as to fully utilize the additional value of the intermediate product and improve the competitive power of the enterprises. At present, the treatment process of the waste circuit board in China mainly comprises a mechanical decomposition technology and a hydrometallurgy method.
The mechanical decomposition technique can be simply divided into two major steps: and (4) crushing and sorting. First, the circuit board is broken up, and then physically and mechanically broken down on a breaking device by using shearing, impact, extrusion, friction, low temperature, and the like. And secondly, sorting, namely sorting the fragments by adopting a gravity sorting method, a magnetic sorting method or an electric sorting method according to the difference of physical property density and electromagnetic property of different materials. The method has the advantages of large energy consumption, low efficiency, and pollution to the environment due to the generation of toxic and harmful gas in the separation process.
Hydrometallurgical processes involve the chemical reaction of circuit boards with chemical reagents such as oxidation, reduction, neutralization, decomposition, and complexation. The method comprises the following steps of firstly pretreating the waste circuit board, wherein the pretreatment is a necessary step before leaching metal from the waste circuit board and comprises physical pretreatment and chemical pretreatment. And leaching and settling the metal in the circuit board to finally obtain the required metal. The main leaching methods are cyanidation leaching, thiourea leaching, thiosulfate leaching, halide leaching and the like. The hydrometallurgy technology has high corrosivity and toxicity, high reagent consumption, high requirement on equipment and easy secondary pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a processing method of a circuit board, which aims to solve the problem of large pollution of a circuit board processing process in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing method of a wiring board, the processing method including: cracking the circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid slag; and performing side-blown smelting on the heavy metal sludge by using the pyrolysis flue gas as part of fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge.
Further, before the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel in the side-blown heavy metal sludge smelting process, oil-gas separation is performed on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis oil and the natural gas are mixed in a ratio of 1: and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 5-5: 4 to obtain the fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge.
Further, the processing method also comprises a cracking process of returning the cracked gas as part of the fuel to the circuit board.
Further, the treatment method also comprises the step of cooling the solid slag and then carrying out side-blown smelting together with the heavy metal sludge.
Further, before cracking the circuit board, the processing method further comprises a process of crushing the circuit board, and the particle size of the crushed circuit board is preferably 10-50 mm.
Further, cracking the circuit board in a closed environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere; in the preferential cracking, the residence time of the circuit board is 1-2 h, and the cracking temperature is 450-550 ℃.
Further, the above-mentioned adopts the pyrolysis furnace to carry out the pyrolysis to the circuit board, utilizes sealed feedway to supply the circuit board to the pyrolysis furnace, and sealed feedway includes: the discharging pipe is arranged in a zigzag shape and is provided with a rotary discharging valve; and the spiral feeding pipe is communicated with the blanking pipe and the cracking furnace, and the cracking furnace is preferably a rotary cracking furnace.
Further, before the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the treatment method comprises the following steps: drying the heavy metal sludge to obtain dried sludge with the water content of 30-45 wt%; mixing and granulating the dried sludge and activated carbon to obtain sludge particles, wherein the activated carbon accounts for 5-15% of the weight of the dried sludge; the heavy metal sludge is subjected to side-blown smelting in the form of sludge particles, and preferably, activated carbon is waste activated carbon.
Further, smelting flue gas is generated in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge, and the treatment method further comprises the process of recovering heat of the smelting flue gas.
Further, the treatment method also comprises the processes of desulfurization, debromination, denitration and optional dioxin removal treatment of the flue gas after heat recovery.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has higher temperature and contains a plurality of organic matters, so that the pyrolysis flue gas has higher heat value, and when the cracking process of the circuit board is combined with the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel for the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, so that the part of heat value is fully utilized, the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the organic matters is avoided, and the side-blown smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge is reduced. The side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, and the pollution degree of smelting flue gas is relatively low through sufficient combustion under the oxygen-enriched condition in the process. Therefore, the treatment method of the application reduces the pollution degree of the treatment of the circuit board in the prior art on the whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a processing method of a circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram showing a structure of a processing system of a wiring board provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a cracking unit of a treatment system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a cracking unit; 11. a circuit board crushing device; 12. a sealed feeding device; 13. a cracking furnace; 14. an oil-gas separation device; 15. a sealed discharge device; 121. a discharging pipe; 122. a spiral feed pipe; 151. a sealed blanking chute; 152. a screw conveyor; 20. a heavy metal sludge supply unit; 30. a side-blown smelting unit; 40. a waste heat boiler; 50. a smelting flue gas treatment unit.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As analyzed by the background art of the present application, various processes for processing circuit boards in the prior art generate toxic and harmful gases or liquids, which easily cause severe environmental pollution. As shown in fig. 1, the processing method includes: cracking the circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid slag; and performing side-blown smelting on the heavy metal sludge by using the pyrolysis flue gas as part of fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge.
The pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has higher temperature and contains a plurality of organic matters, so the pyrolysis flue gas has higher heat value, when the cracking process of the circuit board is combined with the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel for the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge so as to fully utilize the part of heat value, simultaneously, the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the organic matters is avoided, and the side-blown smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge is reduced. The side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, and the pollution degree of smelting flue gas is relatively low through sufficient combustion under the oxygen-enriched condition in the process. Therefore, the treatment method of the application reduces the pollution degree of the treatment of the circuit board in the prior art on the whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of the pyrolysis flue gas, preferably before the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel in the heavy metal sludge side-blown smelting process, oil-gas separation is performed on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis oil and the natural gas are mixed in a ratio of 1: and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 5-5: 4 to obtain the fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge. The content of organic matters in the pyrolysis oil is higher, so that the heat value of the pyrolysis oil is higher, when the pyrolysis oil and natural gas are jointly used as fuel for side-blown smelting, the combustion efficiency of the fuel is higher, the temperature of a side-blown smelting molten pool can quickly reach over 1300 ℃, and the separation of a slag phase and a metal phase is effectively realized.
Because the cracking process of the circuit board is generally carried out in an oxygen-free high-temperature environment, the temperature of the cracked gas separated from the cracked flue gas is high, the oxygen content is extremely low, and in order to fully utilize the cracked gas, the treatment method preferably further comprises the cracking process of returning the cracked gas as part of fuel to the circuit board. The pyrolysis gas returns to the pyrolysis process to be used as fuel for combustion, and heat is provided for pyrolysis.
Since the solid slag generated by cracking is mainly metal and the amount of the solid slag is relatively small, in order to improve the efficiency of recovering metal from the solid slag, the treatment method preferably further comprises cooling the solid slag and then performing side-blown smelting together with the heavy metal sludge. The cooled solid slag and heavy metal sludge are subjected to side-blown smelting together to meet the requirement of a molten pool formed by the side-blown smelting, metal in the solid slag can be timely recovered even if the solid slag yield is low, and the side-blown smelting is adopted by utilizing the similarity of the solid slag and the heavy metal sludge to realize the efficient recovery of the metal.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in order to improve the cracking efficiency of the circuit board, preferably, before cracking the circuit board, the processing method further includes a process of crushing the circuit board, so as to improve a heated area of the circuit board in the cracking process, and further improve the cracking efficiency of the circuit board. In addition, in order to avoid the problem that the particle size of the circuit board is too small and the circuit board flows out with the smoke, the particle size of the broken circuit board is preferably 10-50 mm.
The specific operation of cracking the circuit board in the present application can refer to the prior art, and the circuit board is preferably cracked in a closed environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere. In further optimized cracking, the residence time of the circuit board is 1-2 h, the cracking temperature is 450-550 ℃, on one hand, organic matters in the circuit board can be cracked and volatilized as much as possible, and on the other hand, metals in the circuit board can be dissolved out as much as possible.
In order to better realize the sealing effect in the circuit board cracking, the circuit board is preferably cracked by using a cracking furnace 13 as shown in fig. 3, and more preferably, the cracking furnace 13 is a rotary cracking furnace 13. The circuit board is supplied to the cracking furnace 13 by the sealed feeding device 12, so that the closed connection of feeding and cracking is realized. Preferably, the sealed feeding device 12 includes a feeding pipe 121 and a spiral feeding pipe 122, the feeding pipe 121 is disposed in a zigzag shape, and a rotary discharge valve is disposed in the feeding pipe 121; the spiral feeding pipe 122 communicates the feeding pipe 121 and the cracking furnace 13. The zigzag arrangement can effectively prevent air at the inlet of the blanking pipe 121 from entering the cracking furnace 13, and the rotary discharge valve is arranged in the blanking pipe 121 to ensure the blanking speed of the blanking pipe 121; the screw feeder of the screw feeder tube 122 increases the feeding speed.
The side-blown smelting of heavy metal sludge in the application can be implemented by referring to the prior art, and preferably, before the side-blown smelting of heavy metal sludge, the treatment method comprises the following steps: drying the heavy metal sludge to obtain dried sludge with the water content of 30-45 wt%, and mixing and granulating the dried sludge and activated carbon to obtain sludge particles, wherein the activated carbon accounts for 5-15% of the weight of the dried sludge; the metal sludge is subjected to side-blown smelting in the form of sludge particles. The dry sludge and the activated carbon are mixed in a granulation mode, and the activated carbon is used as a reducing agent to improve the effect of the activated carbon on reducing metal oxides in the heavy metal sludge during side-blown smelting. Meanwhile, the activated carbon is preferably used as the waste activated carbon, so that the effect of reducing metal oxides can be achieved, the resource recycling of the dangerous waste and waste activated carbon can be realized, and the pollution of the waste activated carbon to the environment is further avoided.
Smelting flue gas is generated in the process of side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, and preferably, the treatment method further comprises the process of recovering heat of the smelting flue gas. In the side-blown smelting process, fuel is generally subjected to submerged combustion at the temperature of more than 1300 ℃, so the temperature of the obtained smelting flue gas is also high, and the heat of the part of smelting flue gas can be effectively utilized, for example, the recovered waste heat is used for heating steam and then generating power.
In order to further meet the stricter environmental requirements, the treatment method preferably further comprises the processes of desulfurization, debromination, denitration and optional dioxin removal treatment of the flue gas after heat recovery. In the side-blown smelting process, the pyrolysis flue gas (or pyrolysis oil) and the natural gas are sprayed into a molten pool by a spray gun in the side-blown smelting furnace, and submerged combustion is carried out at the temperature of more than 1300 ℃, so that heat is provided and the generation of dioxin can be reduced, and therefore, the investment of dioxin removal facilities can be reduced.
The following describes a method for processing a circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, and specifically, with reference to fig. 1, the circuit board is cracked after being crushed, and cracked flue gas and solid slag are generated after cracking. The method comprises the steps of carrying out oil-gas separation on pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, using the pyrolysis process of returning the pyrolysis gas to a circuit board as fuel, carrying out side-blown smelting on solid slag and heavy metal sludge particles together, enabling the pyrolysis oil to enter the side-blown smelting process and be used as fuel for the side-blown smelting together with natural gas, obtaining metal and water slag after the side-blown smelting, enabling the smelting flue gas generated by the side-blown smelting to be subjected to waste heat boiler as a heat source, enabling steam generated by the waste heat boiler to be used for power generation of a power plant, and emptying the flue gas subjected to further purification treatment by the.
In addition, in order to enable the processing method to be more conveniently implemented by a person skilled in the art, the application also provides a processing system of the circuit board. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the treatment system comprises a cracking unit 10, a heavy metal sludge supply unit 20 and a side-blown smelting unit 30, wherein the cracking unit 10 is provided with a cracking flue gas outlet and a solid slag outlet; the side-blown smelting unit 30 is provided with a material inlet to be smelted and a side-blown inlet, the pyrolysis flue gas outlet is connected with the side-blown inlet, and the material inlet to be smelted is connected with the heavy metal sludge supply unit 20.
The pyrolysis flue gas generated by the pyrolysis of the circuit board has higher temperature and contains a plurality of organic matters, so the pyrolysis flue gas has higher heat value, the pyrolysis flue gas outlet is connected with the side-blowing inlet, the circuit board pyrolysis process and the side-blowing smelting of the heavy metal sludge are combined, the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel for the side-blowing smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the part of heat value is fully utilized, meanwhile, the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the organic matters is avoided, and the side-blowing smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge is reduced. The side-blown smelting of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, and the pollution degree of smelting flue gas is relatively low through sufficient combustion under the oxygen-enriched condition in the process. Therefore, the treatment system of the application reduces the pollution degree of the treatment of the circuit board in the prior art on the whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the cracking unit 10 includes a cracking furnace 13 and an oil-gas separation device 14, the cracking furnace 13 includes a cracking chamber and a combustion chamber, the cracking flue gas outlet and the solid slag outlet are communicated with the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber includes a combustion gas inlet, and preferably, the cracking furnace 13 is a rotary cracking furnace 13; the oil-gas separation device 14 is connected with the pyrolysis flue gas outlet to perform oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the pyrolysis unit 10 to obtain pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas, the oil-gas separation device 14 is provided with a pyrolysis oil outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, and the pyrolysis oil outlet is connected with the side blowing inlet. Carrying out oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, and mixing the pyrolysis oil and the natural gas in a ratio of 1: and mixing the raw materials in a volume ratio of 5-5: 4 to obtain the fuel in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge. The pyrolysis oil has higher organic content, so the heat value is higher, and the combustion efficiency of the fuel is higher when the pyrolysis oil and natural gas are used together as the fuel for side-blown smelting.
Preferably, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the combustion chamber inlet. The pyrolysis gas returns to the pyrolysis process to be used as fuel for combustion, heat is provided for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis gas is fully utilized.
Because the solid slag generated by cracking is mainly metal and the amount of the solid slag is relatively less, in order to improve the efficiency of recovering metal from the solid slag, the solid slag outlet is connected with the material inlet to be smelted, and preferably, a cooling device is arranged between the solid slag outlet and the material to be smelted so as to cool the solid slag. The cooled solid slag and heavy metal sludge are subjected to side-blown smelting together to meet the requirement of a molten pool formed by the side-blown smelting, metal in the solid slag can be timely recovered even if the solid slag yield is low, and the side-blown smelting is adopted by utilizing the similarity of the solid slag and the heavy metal sludge to realize the efficient recovery of the metal.
In another preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, the cracking furnace 13 comprises a sealed feeding device 12 and a sealed discharging device 15, wherein the sealed feeding device 12 is connected with the cracking chamber to supply the circuit board to be cracked into the cracking chamber; the sealed discharging device 15 is connected with the cracking chamber, the solid slag outlet is arranged on the sealed discharging device 15, preferably, the sealed discharging device 15 comprises a sealed discharging chute 151 and a spiral conveyer 152 which are connected, the solid slag outlet is arranged on the spiral conveyer 152, and preferably, the spiral conveyer 152 is a water-cooling spiral conveyer. The sealing connection between the sealed feeding device 12 and the sealed discharging device 15 and the cracking chamber is realized, and the cracking process is sealed.
In order to better realize the sealing effect in the circuit board cracking, as shown in fig. 3, preferably, the sealed feeding device 12 includes a feeding pipe 121 and a spiral feeding pipe 122, the feeding pipe 121 is disposed in a zigzag shape, and a rotary discharging valve is disposed in the feeding pipe 121; the screw feeding pipe 122 communicates the discharging pipe 121 and the cracking chamber. The zigzag arrangement can effectively prevent air at the inlet of the blanking pipe 121 from entering the cracking furnace 13, and the rotary discharge valve is arranged in the blanking pipe 121 to ensure the blanking speed of the blanking pipe 121; the screw feeder of the screw feeder tube 122 increases the feeding speed.
Further, in order to improve the circuit board cracking efficiency, it is preferable that, as shown in fig. 3, the cracking unit 10 further includes a circuit board crushing device 11, and the circuit board crushing device 11 is connected to the feeding pipe 121.
The side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge can be implemented by referring to the prior art, preferably, the heavy metal sludge is dried and granulated before being sent to the side-blown smelting unit 30, that is, preferably, the heavy metal sludge supply unit 20 comprises a drying device and a granulating device, the drying device dries the heavy metal sludge to obtain dried sludge, and the granulating device mixes and granulates the dried sludge and the activated carbon to obtain sludge particles; the drying device is provided with a heavy metal sludge inlet and a dried sludge outlet, the dried sludge inlet is connected with the granulating device, and the sludge particle outlet of the granulating device is connected with the material inlet to be smelted. The dry sludge and the waste activated carbon are mixed in a granulation mode, so that the effect of the waste activated carbon on reducing metal oxides in the heavy metal sludge during side-blown smelting is improved. Meanwhile, the waste activated carbon is preferably used as a reducing agent, so that the effect of reducing metal oxides can be achieved, the resource recycling of hazardous waste activated carbon can be realized, and the pollution of the waste activated carbon to the environment is further avoided. Smelting flue gas is generated in the process of side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the side-blown smelting unit 30 further has a smelting flue gas outlet, the treatment system further comprises an exhaust-heat boiler 40, and the exhaust-heat boiler 40 is connected with the smelting flue gas outlet to recover waste heat of the smelting flue gas of the side-blown smelting unit 30. In the side-blown smelting process, the fuel is generally subjected to submerged combustion at the temperature of more than 1300 ℃, so the temperature of the obtained smelting flue gas is also the flue gas with high temperature, and the waste heat boiler 40 is utilized to carry out heat on the part of the smelting flue gas, so that the effective utilization of heat energy can be realized. The exhaust heat boiler 40 also has a steam outlet, and for example, the steam outlet is preferably connected to a power generation device to generate power by using the heat energy.
In order to further meet the stricter environmental requirements, it is preferable that the exhaust-heat boiler 40 has a low-temperature flue gas outlet, as shown in fig. 2, the treatment system further includes a molten flue gas treatment unit 50 for performing desulfurization, debromination and dioxin removal treatment on the molten flue gas, and further, the desulfurization, debromination and dioxin removal treatment can be separately treated, that is, the flue gas treatment unit includes a debromination device, a desulfurization device and a dioxin removal device which are connected in sequence, and the debromination device is connected to the low-temperature flue gas outlet.
The beneficial effects of the above technical solution will be further explained below by combining examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
25 ten thousand t/a of heavy metal sludge containing 75 percent of water and 15 percent of dry basis copper are matched with 1.5 ten thousand t/a of waste activated carbon and 2 ten thousand t/a of waste circuit boards to be treated by adopting the following processes:
the method comprises the steps of crushing the waste circuit board into circuit board particles with the particle size of 10-50 mm, drying heavy metal sludge until the water content is 30-45 wt% to obtain dried sludge, and mixing and granulating the dried sludge and the waste activated carbon to obtain sludge particles. Cracking the circuit board particles by using a cracking unit shown in FIG. 3, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1.5h, the cracking temperature is 550 ℃, and cracking flue gas and solid residues are obtained; and carrying out oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, then using the pyrolysis oil and natural gas as the fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 5:4 to carry out side-blown smelting on the sludge particles, and controlling the temperature of a side-blown smelting bath to be above 1300 ℃. About 1.2 ten thousand t/a of black copper is obtained, and the recovery rate of copper reaches more than 90 percent. The copper content of the slag can be controlled below 0.9%.
Example 2
25 ten thousand t/a of heavy metal sludge containing 75 percent of water and 15 percent of dry basis copper are matched with 1.5 ten thousand t/a of waste activated carbon and 2 ten thousand t/a of waste circuit boards to be treated by adopting the following processes:
the method comprises the steps of crushing the waste circuit board into circuit board particles with the particle size of 10-50 mm, drying heavy metal sludge until the water content is 30-45 wt% to obtain dried sludge, and mixing and granulating the dried sludge and the waste activated carbon to obtain sludge particles. Cracking the circuit board particles by using a cracking unit shown in FIG. 3, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1h, the cracking temperature is 550 ℃, and cracking flue gas and solid residues are obtained; and carrying out oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, then using the pyrolysis oil and natural gas as the fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 5:3 to carry out side-blown smelting on the sludge particles, and controlling the temperature of a side-blown smelting bath to be above 1300 ℃. About 1.2 ten thousand t/a of black copper is obtained, and the recovery rate of copper reaches more than 90 wt%. The copper content of the slag can be controlled below 0.9 wt%.
Example 3
25 ten thousand t/a of heavy metal sludge containing 75 percent of water and 15 percent of dry basis copper are matched with 1.5 ten thousand t/a of waste activated carbon and 2 ten thousand t/a of waste circuit boards to be treated by adopting the following processes:
the method comprises the steps of crushing the waste circuit board into circuit board particles with the particle size of 10-50 mm, drying heavy metal sludge until the water content is 30-45 wt% to obtain dried sludge, and mixing and granulating the dried sludge and the waste activated carbon to obtain sludge particles. Cracking the circuit board particles by using a cracking unit shown in FIG. 3, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1h, the cracking temperature is 450 ℃, and cracking flue gas and solid residues are obtained; and carrying out oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, then using the pyrolysis oil and natural gas as the fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 1:5 to carry out side-blown smelting on the sludge particles, and controlling the temperature of a side-blown smelting bath to be above 1300 ℃. About 1.2 ten thousand t/a of black copper is obtained, and the recovery rate of copper reaches more than 90 wt%. The copper content of the slag can be controlled below 0.9 wt%.
Example 4
25 ten thousand t/a of heavy metal sludge containing 75 percent of water and 15 percent of dry basis copper are matched with 1.5 ten thousand t/a of waste activated carbon and 2 ten thousand t/a of waste circuit boards to be treated by adopting the following processes:
the method comprises the steps of crushing the waste circuit board into circuit board particles with the particle size of 10-50 mm, drying heavy metal sludge until the water content is 30-45 wt% to obtain dried sludge, and mixing and granulating the dried sludge and the waste activated carbon to obtain sludge particles. Cracking the circuit board particles by using a cracking unit shown in FIG. 3, wherein the residence time of the circuit board particles is 1.5h, the cracking temperature is 450 ℃, and cracking flue gas and solid residues are obtained; and carrying out oil-gas separation on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, then using the pyrolysis oil and natural gas as the fuel of the sludge particles in a volume ratio of 2:5 to carry out side-blown smelting on the sludge particles, and controlling the temperature of a side-blown smelting bath to be above 1300 ℃. About 1.2 ten thousand t/a of black copper is obtained, and the recovery rate of copper reaches more than 90 wt%. The copper content of the slag can be controlled below 0.9 wt%.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
the pyrolysis flue gas generated by the cracking of the circuit board has higher temperature and contains a plurality of organic matters, so the pyrolysis flue gas has higher heat value, when the cracking process of the circuit board is combined with the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge, the pyrolysis flue gas is used as part of fuel for the side-blown smelting of the heavy metal sludge so as to fully utilize the part of heat value, simultaneously, the environmental pollution caused by the discharge of the organic matters is avoided, and the side-blown smelting cost of the heavy metal sludge is reduced. The side-blown smelting process of heavy metal sludge belongs to a relatively mature process, and the pollution degree of smelting flue gas is relatively low through sufficient combustion under the oxygen-enriched condition in the process. Therefore, the treatment method of the application reduces the pollution degree of the treatment of the circuit board in the prior art on the whole, and reduces the fuel consumption cost of the heavy metal sludge.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A processing method of a circuit board is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cracking the circuit board to obtain cracked flue gas and solid slag; and
the pyrolysis flue gas is used as partial fuel in the heavy metal sludge side-blown smelting process to carry out side-blown smelting on the heavy metal sludge, before the pyrolysis flue gas is used as partial fuel in the heavy metal sludge side-blown smelting process, oil-gas separation is carried out on the pyrolysis flue gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, the pyrolysis oil and natural gas are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 5-5: 4 and then used as fuel in the heavy metal sludge side-blown smelting process to enable the temperature of a side-blown smelting pool to reach 1300 ℃,
before cracking the circuit board, the processing method also comprises the process of crushing the circuit board, wherein the particle size of the crushed circuit board is 10-50 mm,
cracking the circuit board in a closed environment or in a nitrogen atmosphere; in the cracking, the residence time of the circuit board is 1-2 h, the cracking temperature is 450-550 ℃,
cracking the circuit board by a cracking furnace (13),
-feeding said circuit board to said cracking furnace (13) by means of a sealed feeding device (12), said sealed feeding device (12) comprising:
the discharging pipe (121), the discharging pipe (121) is arranged in a zigzag shape, and a rotary discharging valve is arranged in the discharging pipe (121);
a spiral feeding pipe (122) for communicating the feeding pipe (121) and the cracking furnace (13), wherein the cracking furnace (13) is a rotary cracking furnace (13),
before the heavy metal sludge is subjected to side-blown smelting, the treatment method comprises the following steps:
drying the heavy metal sludge to obtain dried sludge with the water content of 30-45 wt%;
mixing and granulating the dried sludge and activated carbon to obtain sludge particles, wherein the activated carbon accounts for 5-15% of the weight of the dried sludge;
the heavy metal sludge is subjected to side-blown smelting in the form of sludge particles.
2. The process of claim 1 further comprising a pyrolysis process for returning the pyrolysis gas to the circuit board as part of the fuel.
3. The treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of cooling the solid slag and then carrying out side-blown smelting together with the heavy metal sludge.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the activated carbon is spent activated carbon.
5. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein smelting flue gas is generated in the side-blown smelting process of the heavy metal sludge, and the treatment method further comprises a process of recovering heat from the smelting flue gas.
6. The treatment method according to claim 5, further comprising a process of desulfurization, debromination, denitration, and optionally dioxin removal treatment of the flue gas after heat recovery.
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| CN201810411602.4A CN108642286B (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2018-05-02 | Circuit board processing method |
| PCT/CN2019/085142 WO2019210846A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2019-04-30 | Circuit board processing method and processing system |
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| CN201810411602.4A CN108642286B (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2018-05-02 | Circuit board processing method |
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| WO2019210846A1 (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-07 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Circuit board processing method and processing system |
| CN110976481B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-10-08 | 洛南环亚源铜业有限公司 | Copper-containing hazardous waste treatment process |
| CN111411236B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2024-04-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Smelting system and smelting method of circuit board |
| CN112978765B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-31 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Waste circuit board pyrolysis debromination purification device and method |
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| CN104178220A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-03 | 东莞市宝杰环保科技有限公司 | Tower type biomass gasifier |
| CN106086416A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 江西自立环保科技有限公司 | The technology that a kind of wiring board waste disposal utilizes |
| CN107828974A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-23 | 广东绿晟环保股份有限公司 | A kind of waste printed circuit board combined treatment process |
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| CN104178220A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-03 | 东莞市宝杰环保科技有限公司 | Tower type biomass gasifier |
| CN106086416A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 江西自立环保科技有限公司 | The technology that a kind of wiring board waste disposal utilizes |
| CN107828974A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-23 | 广东绿晟环保股份有限公司 | A kind of waste printed circuit board combined treatment process |
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