CN104031665A - Directional pyrolysis method of combustible wastes - Google Patents
Directional pyrolysis method of combustible wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104031665A CN104031665A CN201410281073.2A CN201410281073A CN104031665A CN 104031665 A CN104031665 A CN 104031665A CN 201410281073 A CN201410281073 A CN 201410281073A CN 104031665 A CN104031665 A CN 104031665A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 damaged tire Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1OC1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C OZXIZRZFGJZWBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004054 acenaphthylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 2
- HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetnaphthylene Natural products C1=CC(C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002469 indenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesityl oxide Natural products CC(C)=CC(C)=O SHOJXDKTYKFBRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a directional pyrolysis method of combustible wastes. The method comprises the following steps: putting the combustible wastes into a pyrolysis furnace; carrying out air replacement on the pyrolysis furnace, namely feeding nitrogen into the pyrolysis furnace and discharging air from the pyrolysis furnace; maintaining the nitrogen pressure in the pyrolysis furnace within 0.05MPa to 0.1MPa; starting the heating to enter pyrolysis states, namely entering different pyrolysis steps according to different pyrolysis demands for the combustible wastes, wherein the different pyrolysis demands comprise the following steps: obtaining pyrolytic carbon of the combustible wastes, obtaining a pyrolytic tar of the combustible wastes and obtaining a pyrolytic combustible gas of the combustible wastes. According to the method, the combustible wastes are directionally pyrolyzed into the organic carbon, the high-calorific-value gas and the tar by regulating the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis pressure, the heating rate and the catalyst adding mode through the utilization of calorific values of the combustible wastes, so that the utilization rate of the combustible solid wastes is greatly improved; the air is isolated, so that the combustion of the carbon and the volatilization of heavy metals and chlorine are reduced. Thus, the discharge of dioxin is below 0.1ng/Nm<3>.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid waste recycling field, relate in particular to a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method, be for domestic refuse, medical waste, old rubbish, damaged tire, plastic waste, trade waste, mud,
Combustiblerefuse energy utilization and the resource utilization reutilization technologies such as changing food waste, garden waste, feces of livestock and poultry.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of city size, the improving constantly of the growing and living standards of the people of urban population, the generation of domestic waste is increasing gradually.As far back as 1996, the municipal wastes amount of clearing of China just reached 100,000,000 tons, and every year with 8% ~ 10% speed increment.The volume of cargo in storage over the years of rubbish reaches more than 60 hundred million tons, and the whole nation has more than 200 city to be absorbed among the encirclement of rubbish, and rubbish is stored up the land area of occupying and reached more than 500,000,000 square metre.Refuse treatment has become the major issue of restriction Chinese city environment.
Along with going deep into of economic develop rapidly and Development of China's Urbanization, the municipal sewage treatment amount of China is also at increase year after year.Municipal sewage sludge results from the stage of the biochemical treatment of city domestic sewage, mainly comes from the first and secondary sedimentation basins of sanitary sewage disposal factory, is the volume maximum that produces while processing of city domestic sewage, the most easily produces the byproduct of secondary pollution.The generation of mud is large, processes 1000 tons of city domestic sewages and approximately produces the mud that 1 ton of water ratio is 80%.In whole construction costs of sewage work, can reach 70% for the part of sludge treatment.Process after the mud entered environment of disposing without appropriate, bring secondary pollution directly to water body and atmosphere, not only reduced the effective processing capacity of Sewage treatment systems, and ecotope and the mankind's activity has been formed to serious threat.
China's changing food waste generation is large, wide, is mainly the mixture such as leftovers, tankage that hotel, restaurant, enterprises and institutions dining room etc. produce in business process.At home, the organic waste generation of the eating and drinking establishment such as some dining rooms, hotel, restaurant is surprising.Beijing produces nearly more than 1600 tons of changing food waste every day, " the Chongqing changing food waste output investigation and analysis of physical and chemical property report " be responsible for according to University Of Chongqing, and the output of Chongqing changing food waste every day in 2007 is about 1000 tons; By 2003, the changing food waste of Shanghai City generation every day also reached 1100 tons of left and right.
Above waste contains certain calorific value, is applicable to burning disposal.But, because China's city solid waste moisture content is high, calorific value is lower, in the situation that directly burning, incinerator temperature of combustion is difficult to reach more than 850 DEG C, material is the residence time shorter (being generally 2 seconds) at high temperature, and waste is difficult to decompose completely, may produce incomplete combustion product and some objectionable impurities (as sour gas and Dioxins etc.), cause topsoil, also deal with improperly and can form serious harm to human health, ecotope.Due to the worry of people to consumer waste incineration secondary pollution, the construction of China's municipal solid waste incinerator has run into sizable resistance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method, is a kind of new technique scheme proposing for pyrolytic technique, has improved combustible waste pyrolysis efficiency and utilization ratio.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method, combustible waste is put into pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven is carried out to gas displacement, input nitrogen is discharged the air in pyrolysis oven, and keep pyrolysis nitrogen pressure in furnace between 0.05 to 0.1MPa, start to heat and enter pyrolysis state, wherein: according to the different pyrolysis demand of combustible waste is entered to different pyrolysis step, described different pyrolysis demand comprises: obtain combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step, obtain combustible waste pyrolytic tar step, obtain combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step,
The described combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 280 DEG C to 300 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min and get rid of until combustible waste produces pyrolysis gas the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON that totally obtains multi-cellular structure;
The described combustible waste pyrolytic tar step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C until collect the pyrolysis gas that all combustible wastes produce with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, obtained pyrolysis gas is cooled to 100 DEG C, in temperature-fall period, produces and obtain pyrolytic tar;
The described combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step of obtaining is: the titanium dioxide that adds combustible waste total amount 5% at combustible waste, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C until collect all pyrolysis gas with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas;
Described combustible waste is the one in domestic waste, medical waste, old rubbish, damaged tire, plastic waste, trade waste, mud, changing food waste, gardens branch leaf waste, feces of livestock and poultry;
Wherein: domestic waste and changing food waste are removed after inorganic foreign material, sorting, fragmentation, adopt packing machine that domestic waste and changing food waste are squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 8-10 days anaerobically fermentings, carry out again mechanical presses dewater to water ratio be below 30%, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15-20 days aerobic biological dewatered; Mud, feces of livestock and poultry pasty material adopt the mode of adding 10% lime natural drying; Old rubbish is removed inorganic foreign material, 5-7 days water ratio of broken rear stacking are naturally below 30%.
Scheme is further: described method further comprises the step of air separation: the air of discharging in pyrolysis oven is separated into oxygen and nitrogen by air separation equipment, nitrogen loopback enters pyrolysis oven, and oxygen is sent into coal firing boiler, cement kiln combustion equipment or storage.
Scheme is further: described in obtain combustible waste pyrolytic tar step and further comprise: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to the pyrolysis gas of collecting after 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C using the speed of 10 DEG C/min and pass in sherwood oil and absorb the tar becoming as petroleum, described tar can further be isolated lightweight oil and Chemicals.
Scheme is further: described combustible waste is that water ratio is 60% domestic waste, through sorting, remove foreign material, crushed particles particle diameter is to after below 10cm, adopt packing machine that rubbish is squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 10 days anaerobically fermentings, then rubbish is carried out to mechanical presses dehydration, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15 days aerobic biological dewatered, make water ratio reduce to 30%.In rubbish after mummification, add the titanium dioxide of total amount 10%, put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas.
Scheme is further: described combustible waste is that water ratio is 80% mud, described mud is sent into kneader to be mixed with the unslaked lime of mud total amount 5%, then natural drying to water ratio is reduced to 30% and is put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.
Scheme is further: described combustible waste is damaged tire, after damaged tire is crushed to particle diameter and is 5-10mm particle, put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, taking temperature rise rate as 10 DEG C/min of heating furnace bodies to 600, DEG C also maintenance, is cooled to 100 DEG C by the pyrolysis gas of collection and obtains tar.
Scheme is further: described combustible waste is gardens branch leaf wastes, it is that 10mm puts into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove below that gardens branch leaf waste is crushed to particle diameter, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.
Scheme is further: described combustible waste is the trade waste of industrial sludge, industrial refuse, coal gangue, by trade waste sorting, remove after the foreign material such as metal, glass, being crushed to particle diameter is below 10cm, add the titanium dioxide of waste total amount 10% and put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages: the method is utilized the calorific value of combustible waste, by the mode that regulates pyrolysis temperature, pressure, temperature rise rate and add catalyzer, be organic carbon, high heating value combustion gas and tar by combustible waste directional thermal decomposition, separating chlorine element and heavy metal simultaneously.The directional thermal decomposition technology of flammable solid waste not only can be utilized the heat energy in flammable solid waste, gained inflammable gas, tar and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON can also be used respectively, greatly improve the utilization ratio of flammable solid waste, because this method has completely cut off air, the burning of carbon and the volatilization of heavy metal and chlorine are reduced, therefore, dioxin is at 0.1ng/Nm
3below.This method and coal firing boiler coupling, can reduce flue gas generation and suppress Dioxins producing.This method and cement kiln coupling, can save coal and use, and reduces discharge of nitrogen oxide in cement kiln.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method, combustible waste is put into pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven is carried out to gas displacement, input nitrogen is discharged the air in pyrolysis oven, and keep pyrolysis nitrogen pressure in furnace between 0.05 to 0.1MPa, start to heat and enter pyrolysis state, wherein: according to the different pyrolysis demand of combustible waste is entered to different pyrolysis step, described different pyrolysis demand comprises: obtain combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step, obtain combustible waste pyrolytic tar step, obtain combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step;
The described combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 280 DEG C to 300 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min and get rid of until combustible waste produces pyrolysis gas the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON that totally obtains multi-cellular structure; The unit weight of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, than the raw material combustible waste 15%-30% that declined, has been saved the transportation cost of recycling process, and the calorific value of RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON has increased by 30% than raw material, can be directly as fuel utilization.In addition, the carbon that pyrolysis produces mostly is microvoid structure, can be used as sewage treating material or gac and uses.
The described combustible waste pyrolytic tar step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C until collect the pyrolysis gas that all combustible wastes produce with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, obtained pyrolysis gas is cooled to 100 DEG C Celsius, in temperature-fall period, produces and obtain pyrolytic tar; Under this processing parameter, the output of tar is the highest, and valuable component is maximum: the productive rate of tar is more than 30%-50%, burnt main body of oil is: alkene, aromatic compound, indenes, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorenes, acetic acid, mesityl oxide and phenol etc., tar can pass through the operations such as distillation, high-pressure hydrogenation and isolate lightweight oil and chemical products, again utilizes.
The described combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step of obtaining is: the titanium dioxide that adds combustible waste total amount 5% at combustible waste, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C until collect all pyrolysis gas with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas; What can make combustible waste material more than 60% is all converted into inflammable gas, and the calorific value of inflammable gas has reached 15MJ/m
3above, the component of inflammable gas is mainly the hydrocarbon compound below C7 such as methane, ethene, propane, propylene, normal butane, anti-butylene, iso-butylene, Skellysolve A and 1,3-butadiene.
In embodiment, described combustible waste is the one in domestic waste, medical waste, old rubbish, damaged tire, plastic waste, trade waste (as: industrial sludge, industrial refuse, coal gangue etc.), mud, changing food waste, gardens branch leaf waste, feces of livestock and poultry;
Wherein: domestic waste and changing food waste are removed after inorganic foreign material, sorting, fragmentation, adopt packing machine that domestic waste and changing food waste are squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 8-10 days anaerobically fermentings, carry out again mechanical presses dewater to water ratio be below 30%, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15-20 days aerobic biological dewatered; Mud, feces of livestock and poultry pasty material adopt the mode of 10% unslaked lime natural drying to dry (water ratio is below 30%) of adding; Old rubbish is removed inorganic foreign material, 5-7 days water ratio of broken rear stacking are naturally below 30%.
Aforesaid method, owing to having completely cut off air, has reduced the burning of carbon and the volatilization of heavy metal and chlorine, and therefore, dioxin, below 0.1ng/Nm3, has accomplished to suppress the generation of Dioxins.
In embodiment: described method further comprises the step of air separation: the air of discharging in pyrolysis oven is separated into oxygen and nitrogen by air separation equipment, nitrogen loopback enters pyrolysis oven, and oxygen is sent into the combustion equipment such as coal firing boiler, cement kiln or storage.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is the further method based on embodiment 1, described in, obtaining combustible waste pyrolytic tar step further comprises: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to after 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C to the pyrolysis gas of collecting using the speed of 10 DEG C/min and pass in sherwood oil and absorb the tar becoming as petroleum, described tar can further be isolated lightweight oil and Chemicals.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is a concrete scheme based on embodiment 1: described combustible waste is that water ratio is 60% domestic waste, through sorting, remove foreign material, crushed particles particle diameter is to after below 10cm, adopt packing machine that rubbish is squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 10 days anaerobically fermentings, then rubbish is carried out to mechanical presses dehydration, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15 days aerobic biological dewatered, make water ratio reduce to 30%.In rubbish after mummification, add the titanium dioxide (TiO of total amount 10%
2), put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, by pyrolysis oven temperature, to rise to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas.Inflammable gas generation is more than 60%.Tail gas dioxin is at 0.05ng/Nm
3and under, lower than the emission standard of European Union.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is another concrete scheme based on embodiment 1: described combustible waste is that water ratio is 80% mud, described mud is sent into kneader to be mixed with the unslaked lime of mud total amount 5%, then natural drying to water ratio is reduced to 30% and is put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.Mud 80% is converted into RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON.RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON is for the treatment of sewage, as sorbent material that can suspended matter.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is another concrete scheme based on embodiment 1: described combustible waste is damaged tire, after damaged tire is crushed to particle diameter and is 5-10mm particle, put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, taking temperature rise rate as 10 DEG C/min of heating furnace bodies to 600, DEG C also maintenance, is cooled to 100 DEG C by the pyrolysis gas of collection and obtains tar.The output of tar reaches more than 50%, contains a large amount of valuable constituents in tar: alkene, aromatic compound, indenes, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorenes, acetic acid, mesityl oxide and phenol etc.Tar can pass through the operations such as distillation, high-pressure hydrogenation and isolate lightweight oil and chemical products, again utilizes.Meanwhile, generate a large amount of rich hydrogen combustible gases, inflammable gas component, taking hydrogen as main, can be collected recycling.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment is another concrete scheme based on embodiment 1: described combustible waste is gardens branch leaf wastes, it is that 10mm puts into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove below that gardens branch leaf waste is crushed to particle diameter, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.Waste 80% is converted into RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON, can be used as gac and sells.
Embodiment 7:
The present embodiment is another concrete scheme based on embodiment 1: described combustible waste is the trade waste of industrial sludge, industrial refuse, coal gangue, by trade waste sorting, remove after the foreign material such as metal, glass, being crushed to particle diameter is below 10cm, add the titanium dioxide of waste total amount 10% and put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas.Oxygen after the inflammable gas producing divides with sky enters cement kiln decomposing furnace simultaneously together with cement kiln tertiary air.Inflammable gas generation is more than 60%.Tail gas dioxin is at 0.01ng/Nm
3and under, lower than the emission standard of European Union.
Above-described embodiment is a kind of new technique that produces the problem of dioxin toxicant in burning city domestic garbage treating processes and propose in order to solve.Also be a kind of refuse incineration technology.Flammable solid waste does not need oxygen in the time of pyrolysis, and exhaust smoke level is lower, generates inflammable gas, tar and RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON three parts simultaneously, has improved the utilization ratio of energy.
Claims (8)
1. a combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method, combustible waste is put into pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven is carried out to gas displacement, input nitrogen is discharged the air in pyrolysis oven, and keep pyrolysis nitrogen pressure in furnace between 0.05 to 0.1MPa, start to heat and enter pyrolysis state, it is characterized in that: according to the different pyrolysis demand of combustible waste is entered to different pyrolysis step, described different pyrolysis demand comprises: obtain combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step, obtain combustible waste pyrolytic tar step, obtain combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step;
The described combustible waste RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 280 DEG C to 300 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min and get rid of until combustible waste produces pyrolysis gas the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON that totally obtains multi-cellular structure;
The described combustible waste pyrolytic tar step of obtaining is: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C until collect the pyrolysis gas that all combustible wastes produce with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, obtained pyrolysis gas is cooled to 100 DEG C, in temperature-fall period, produces and obtain pyrolytic tar;
The described combustible waste pyrolysis combustible gas step of obtaining is: the titanium dioxide that adds combustible waste total amount 5% at combustible waste, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C until collect all pyrolysis gas with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas;
Described combustible waste is the one in domestic waste, medical waste, old rubbish, damaged tire, plastic waste, trade waste, mud, changing food waste, gardens branch leaf waste, feces of livestock and poultry;
Wherein: domestic waste and changing food waste are removed after inorganic foreign material, sorting, fragmentation, adopt packing machine that domestic waste and changing food waste are squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 8-10 days anaerobically fermentings, carry out again mechanical presses dewater to water ratio be below 30%, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15-20 days aerobic biological dewatered; Mud, feces of livestock and poultry pasty material adopt the mode of adding 10% lime natural drying; Old rubbish is removed inorganic foreign material, 5-7 days water ratio of broken rear stacking are naturally below 30%.
2. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method further comprises the step of air separation: the air of discharging in pyrolysis oven is separated into oxygen and nitrogen by air separation equipment, nitrogen loopback enters pyrolysis oven, and oxygen is sent into coal firing boiler, cement kiln combustion equipment or storage.
3. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described combustible waste pyrolytic tar step of obtaining further comprises: pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to after 580 DEG C to 600 DEG C to the pyrolysis gas of collecting using the speed of 10 DEG C/min and pass in sherwood oil and absorb into the tar as petroleum, described tar can further be isolated lightweight oil and Chemicals.
4. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustible waste is that water ratio is 60% domestic waste, through sorting, remove foreign material, crushed particles particle diameter is to after below 10cm, adopt packing machine that rubbish is squeezed into fine and close rubbish side's heap, carry out 10 days anaerobically fermentings, again rubbish is carried out to mechanical presses dehydration, send into fermentation cabin carry out 15 days aerobic biological dewatered, make water ratio reduce to 30%, in rubbish after mummification, add the titanium dioxide of total amount 10%, put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, the pyrolysis gas of collecting is combustible gas.
5. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustible waste is that water ratio is 80% mud, described mud is sent into kneader to be mixed with the unslaked lime of mud total amount 5%, then natural drying to water ratio is reduced to 30% and is put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.
6. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustible waste is damaged tire, after damaged tire is crushed to particle diameter and is 5-10mm particle, put into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, taking temperature rise rate as 10 DEG C/min of heating furnace bodies to 600, DEG C also maintenance, is cooled to 100 DEG C by the pyrolysis gas of collection and obtains tar.
7. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustible waste is gardens branch leaf wastes, it is that 10mm puts into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove below that gardens branch leaf waste is crushed to particle diameter, rise to 300 DEG C and maintenance with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, get rid of the pyrolysis gas producing, be formed as the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON of multi-cellular structure.
8. a kind of combustible waste directional thermal decomposition method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustible waste is the trade waste of industrial sludge, industrial refuse, coal gangue, by trade waste sorting, remove after the foreign material such as metal, glass, being crushed to particle diameter is below 10cm, adds the titanium dioxide of waste total amount 10% and puts into fixed-bed pyrolysis stove, pyrolysis oven temperature is risen to 700 DEG C with the speed of 50 DEG C/min, and the pyrolysis gas of collection is combustible gas.
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