CN104593022B - Process and device for gasifying combustibles from construction wastes - Google Patents
Process and device for gasifying combustibles from construction wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104593022B CN104593022B CN201510036751.3A CN201510036751A CN104593022B CN 104593022 B CN104593022 B CN 104593022B CN 201510036751 A CN201510036751 A CN 201510036751A CN 104593022 B CN104593022 B CN 104593022B
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010782 bulky waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011285 coke tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ebullated bed Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
- C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A process and a device for gasifying combustibles from construction wastes are disclosed. The process comprises the following steps: cracking and gasifying the combustibles recycled from the construction wastes in a cracking furnace, performing primary purification and secondary purification, performing primary separation and secondary separation, and leading out the tail gas for performing third-level purification by using a fan after the secondary separation. The invention also discloses equipment for gasifying combustibles from construction wastes. The process and equipment disclosed by the invention have high pertinence on the combustibles from construction wastes, the tar content is low, and the content of harmful substances in the tail gas is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of by the technique gasified from the combustible of building waste, especially biomass with dress
Put.
Technical background
In recent years, with being continuously increased for city size and deepening continuously for Urbanization Construction process, refuse production
Increasingly increase, and many unvanquishable problem come out using traditional treatment method so that refuse pyrolysis treatment technology
Increasingly paid close attention to by people, particularly with the higher domestic waste of food waste, plastics, rubber equal size, its pyrolytic gasification
Process can more manifest bid value.Because municipal solid waste classification is various, pyrolytic gasification process is considerably complicated, in pyrolytic gasification mistake
There is the possibility that small molecule aggregates into bigger molecule again into small molecule in Cheng Zhong, existing macromolecular cleavage.
In addition to compost, landfill disposal, incineration technology is returned domestic waste because of its significant decrement volume reduction feature and heat energy
The advantage that receipts are utilized, and be widely adopted. but generation sour gas, heavy metal and two problems can not be ignored in burning process.Rubbish
Rubbish Gasification Technique, due to having the advantages that low pollutant emission, significant decrement volume reduction and production fuel gas, by
Gradually become new study hotspot.In terms of domestic garbage gasification, Chinese scholars are by gas such as ebullated bed, fluid bed, fixed beds
Change domestic waste, systematically have studied.
Pyrolytic gasification method (or abbreviation pyrolysismethod or evaporating method) has multiple advantages, is mainly reflected in as follows：(1) burning effect
Rate is high.Belong to gas, solid heterogeneous reaction because rubbish directly burns, rubbish is used as solid matter, and diffusivity, Combination are excessively poor,
Thus efficiency of combustion is relatively low, while being also easy to produce poisonous and harmful substance in combustion process；And the gaseous products and tar for producing are pyrolyzed,
Category homogeneous combustion, burning is abundant, efficiency high；(2) combustion process is easily controlled, and rubbish composition is complicated, physics and chemistry between each component
Can differ greatly, if directly burning, the ignition point of each component, reaction speed differ greatly, it is difficult to stability contorting；And refuse pyrolysis
Rear product combustion process homogeneous stability, it is easy to control；(3) pollute low, without the need for after-treatment.If rubbish simply burns control not
In place, in addition to easily producing violent in toxicity " bioxin ", a large amount of flying dusts containing noxious material and residue can be also discharged, needs secondary place
Reason.Due to being homogeneous, anaerobic decomposition, final product is mainly CO after thermal decomposition product burns again for pyrolysis2And H2O, while volume reduction amount
Greatly, remaining breeze is less, is conducive to mitigating the secondary pollution to atmospheric environment.
Biomass, can also the byproduct such as association tar and carbon residue while aerogenesis is pyrolyzed.The presence of tar can reduce producing
Gas rate and the thermal efficiency, more seriously in low temperature, tar can also be condensed into liquid, it is easy to be combined together with water and dust
Blocking and etching apparatus, cause when serious equipment cannot normal work, therefore it is required that by the yield reduction of tar to minimum, to carry
The quality of high pyrolysis gas.In various measures, the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is considered as a kind of most efficient technical process, the technique
It is, into the permanent gases of small molecule, to be utilized tar conversion together with combustible gas.
CN101565647A discloses the preprocess method that a kind of domestic garbage as fuel is utilized, including garbage fuel point
Selecting technology, is characterized in that house refuse by primary election, broken or broken bag, screening, pneumatic floating selection by winnowing and air-dried operation, reach
The moisture and inorganic content of garbage fuel are reduced, the calorific value of garbage fuel is improved, house refuse is enable as gasification
The gasified raw material of stove is utilized, or house refuse is not required to add conventional fuel for combustion supporting and is can be achieved with stably being burnt in incinerator,
Wherein：The house refuse of complicated component is separated into Bulky Waste, smallclothes rubbish, bulk building waste in primary election operation；Big
Part rubbish crushed by disintegrating machine, sub-elect waste wood particle is used as fuel utilization, smallclothes rubbish after broken bag operation
Screened, removed silt particle, the composting on sieve is sent into pneumatic floating air classifier is carried out selection by winnowing separation；Pneumatic floating selection by winnowing
Working air current in device is from bottom to top moved, and composting suspends rolling in selection by winnowing function room, reaches loose condition (of surface), rubbish thing
Material presses density stratification, forms light material floating zone and middle heavier feeds floating zone, and low-moisture lightweight organic matter is by lightweight thing
The lightweight organic outlet of material floating zone side is drawn, and high-moisture, middle heavy organics are by middle heavier feeds floating zone side
Middle heavy organics outlet is drawn, and heavy inorganic matter is discharged from the outlet of pneumatic floating air classifier bottom；From pneumatic floating selection by winnowing
The low moisture lightweight organic matter that device is isolated sends into air dryer and carries out air-drying process, becomes garbage fuel；From pneumatic floating selection by winnowing
Heavy organics send into squeezing dehydration device and carry out processed in the high-moisture that device is isolated, the organic solid waste thing after dehydration
Material sends into air dryer and further removes moisture, becomes garbage fuel；Adopting following manner through pretreated garbage fuel
One of which utilized：A. garbage fuel is sent into gasification furnace and synthesis gas is converted into by gasification reaction；B. rubbish is fired
Material sends into incinerator or Industrial Boiler and carries out burning disposal, is converted into heat energy；C. garbage fuel is crushed, is added addition
Agent, with compression forming equipment highdensity shaped fuel is produced.
CN103727542A discloses a kind of garbage pyrolysis furnace, it is characterized in that including depression bar, clamping device, taper bell,
Charging aperture, gas-liquid mixture collection channel, pipeline, holding pad, furnace shell, automatic ignition device, oxygen supply, venthole, distributor,
Air supervisor, stove pin, solid discharge, taper bell is arranged on body of heater top, and conical furnace lid is provided with charging aperture, clamping device peace
It is mounted on depression bar, depression bar passes through taper bell, depression bar bottom to be connected with holding pad, upper of furnace body is provided with gas-liquid mixture and collects logical
Road and pipeline, lower portion of furnace body is provided with solid discharge, and oxygen supply and automatic ignition device are evenly distributed on bottom of furnace body, and oxygen supply is
The pipeline of upper end closed, is provided with uniform downward-sloping venthole on duct wall.
CN1554893A discloses a kind of refuse pyrolysis gasification furnace, and the body of heater of dog-house, body of heater are mainly provided with including upper end
Inner chamber in be provided between the inwall of heat-insulation layer, heat-insulation layer and body of heater and be provided with water-cooled layer；It is close to feed intake in the inner chamber of heat-insulation layer
Distributing device is provided with mouthful, distributing device is connected by power transmission shaft with the first driven gear, the first motor；At the lower ending opening of body of heater
Scummer is provided with, scummer is connected by the second driven gear and the second motor；Wireway is provided with, one end of wireway passes through
Scummer and body of heater, its mouth of pipe end forms the air guide entrance of a umbrella at the bottom of body of heater, and the other end stops through soot blower
In its bottom.
CN1903457A discloses a kind of pyrolysis charring method of municipal refuse, it is characterized in that the charring process of rubbish at least
Including procedure below, the pyrolysis charring process of rubbish, the pyrolysis gas produced during pyrolysis charring except acid gas process, heat
The combustion process vented one's spleen, the High Temperature Gas after pyrolysis gas burning transmit the process of heat in pyrolysis oven to rubbish；And be pyrolyzed 250
DEG C carry out to the arbitrary temp between 650 DEG C.
CN104006389A discloses a kind of refuse pyrolysis method for gasifying and incinerating, the refuse pyrolysis method for gasifying and incinerating bag
Include following steps：(A1) rubbish is entered in pyrolysis gasification furnace after predrying；Air from the top of the pyrolysis gasification furnace and
Bottom is entered in stove；(A2) pyrolysis, gasification during rubbish declines in the pyrolysis gasification furnace, the imflammable gas of generation from
Gasification furnace middle part is brought out；(A3) residual carbon continues to move down in gasification furnace, and the air entered with bottom occurs gasification reaction,
The imflammable gas of generation is brought out from gasification furnace middle part, and the ashes of generation are discharged from the ash discharging hole of gasification furnace bottom.
CN103357411A discloses one kind and carries out discarded object and coal, mainly including house refuse, agriculture and forestry organic waste material, municipal administration
Calcium based catalysts of the materials such as sludge, mud, scrap rubber, waste plastics, tail coal pyrolysis aerogenic composition regulation and control and preparation method thereof.
Using the catalyst, the fuel gas yield in material pyrolytic process can be improved, and make partial CO 2 be converted into an oxygen
Change carbon, so as to implement the regulation and control of gas componant.The catalyst is with carbonate mineral (including mine tailing) as raw material, by broken
It is broken, sieve, calcine, being processed into the catalyst with different shape and granule size.
WO2011/000513A1 discloses a kind of comprehensive waste treatment system and method, and it includes making for combustiblerefuse source
With, for separating the separator of described combustiblerefuse from recyclable material, for by described combustiblerefuse drying producing
The vacuum desiccator of raw pyrolysis feed and for by described pyrolysis feed pyrolytic generating the heat of coke and pyrolysis gas
Solution device.System and method for generating electricity, including refuse disposal system of the invention or method, also including oxidator, use
In by the synthesis gas high-temperature oxydation produced from described pyrolysis feed producing the heat for generating electricity.
EP1121691A2 discloses a decomposition device of organic waste and method, two comprising series connection reactions of the device
Device, each reactor decomposes various organic compounds and reduces quality and body using the enhanced superheated steam of oxygen
Product.When steam/oxygen mixture is injected in the fluid bed of ceramic bead, decompose rapidly.The speed of fluidization gas mixture is stirred
Mix ceramic bead, help the fragmentation of solid waste, oxygen carry out some oxidation reactions with compensate be dried, pyrolysis and steam are reformed again
Demand to heat.Major part pyrolysis occurs in the first order, sets up the second level for making pyrolysis completely, and by using coreaction
Agent can separate the temperature of metal waste come the oxidation state and use that change inorganic matter, so as to the waste form that adjusts or gasify.
US20110048915A1 discloses a kind of process waste and obtains from daily life and industrial organic waste Jing pyrolysis
The method of hydrocarbon.Processing the method for waste includes：Carry out the pyrolysis of the first and second stages；Separation pyrolyzing product is into several
Part；Process each section and obtain useful product.While implementing second stage pyrolysis, electromagnetism work is carried out to thermal decomposition product
With.There is a pyrolysis reactor in the device of implementation, it is made up of two parts.It is mounted with the Part II of reactor
The original of electromagnetic action.The outlet of Part II is connected with the steam gas product separation system of pyrolysis.Technical result is：Improve
Process the effect of waste and obtain the product of solid-state, liquid and gaseous state fuel element form.In pyrolysis, using soda as
Catalyst.
" biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production Research advance in catalysts for production ", Wang Yixue etc., chemical research and application, volume 25
1st phase, in January, 2013, the 7-11 page pluck review biomass in supercritical water gasification hydrogen-producing used catalyst it is domestic and international
Five classes such as progress, alkali catalyst, metal-based catalysts, metal oxide catalyst, carbons catalyst, ore class are catalyzed
Agent can in various degree improve rate of gasification and hydrogen yield, be selected by the ratio of catalyst, propose effective catalyst and catalyst
Carrier.
However, as described above, in the above prior art, house refuse is primarily directed to, is lacked larger to existing
Technique and device that the building waste combustible of component difference is gasified, in existing processing method, remain and are generating greatly
The problem of amount tar, the conventional tar destruction catalyst effect of employing is poor and catalytic reaction temperature is higher, conventional in addition
Harmful substance contents in technique in tail gas are higher.This area needs are a kind of can will to enter promoting the circulation of qi from the combustible of building waste
Change and solve gasification process and device that tar generates problem and pollution problem.
The content of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present inventor is through further investigation and many experiments, it is proposed that
Following technical scheme：
In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of technique that will be gasified from the combustible of building waste, the work
Skill includes for the combustible reclaimed from building waste cracking gasification being carried out in pyrolysis furnace, then carries out first class purification and two grades
Purification, then one-level separation and the second-order separation are carried out, after the second-order separation, being drawn in tail gas using blower fan carries out three-level purification.
Preferably, first class purification is used to remove tar removing.The presence of tar can reduce factor of created gase and the thermal efficiency, even more serious
It is that, in low temperature, tar can also be condensed into liquid, it is easy to be combined together blocking and etching apparatus with water and dust, lead when serious
Cause equipment cannot normal work tar there is larger toughness, therefore should remove in time, can otherwise affect subsequent technique.Separately
Outward, the tar for just having left pyrolysis furnace still has relatively higher temperature, and is generally in gaseous state, thus now easily purification is removed
Go.
Preferably, secondary purification is used to remove lime-ash, carbon residue material.Lime-ash and carbon residue be also in gasification Jing often produce
Material, it can carry out purification removal for example, by cyclonic separation.
Preferably, one-level is separated for isolating H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4And/or C2H6Gas.These gases can be made
Use for comprehensive combustion gas, so as to improve the added value of whole technique.
Preferably, the second-order separation is used to isolate fine ash.In aforementioned purification and separating step is experienced, remain in tail gas
In some very thin ash contents, such as particle diameter is 10-100 μm of ash particles, needs to be isolated, on the one hand being conducive to downstream
The carrying out of three-level purification, on the other hand can merge these fine ash with the lime-ash in secondary purification, carbon residue, as cracking gas
The carrier for changing catalyst is used.
Preferably, three-level is purified for removing bioxin and/or furans.Tail gas is before discharging, it is necessary to Jiang bioxin and furan
These harmful substances of muttering are decomposed completely.Its purified treatment can include by from the gas of the second-order separation at 1200 DEG C -2000 DEG C
At a temperature of thermally decompose -8 seconds 2 seconds, then tail gas is quenched to 70 DEG C -100 DEG C, so as to the harmful substance resolve into completely it is little
Molecular substance, such as atom level (such as carbon and inorganic constituents), and the material example of decomposition generation can be made in the presence of quenching
As carbon settles down.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, split the combustible reclaimed from building waste is sent into
Before solution stove, it is sufficiently mixed with catalyst.As it was noted above, the presence of tar can reduce factor of created gase and the thermal efficiency, more
Seriously, in low temperature, tar can also be condensed into liquid, it is easy to be combined together blocking and etching apparatus with water and dust,
Cause when serious equipment cannot normal work, therefore it is required that by the yield reduction of tar to minimum, to improve the quality of pyrolysis gas.
In various measures, the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is considered as a kind of most efficient technical process, the technique be by tar conversion into
The permanent gases of small molecule, are utilized together with combustible gas., through numerous studies, developing one kind can be effective for the present inventor
Decompose the catalyst of tar, active component of the catalyst comprising carrier and load on the carrier, wherein carrier are fine coal
Ash, catalytic active component is NiO, CuO, Fe2O3The composite oxides of three kinds of oxides, the catalyst can be expressed as NiO-
CuO-Fe2O3The mol ratio of/flyash, wherein Ni, Cu, Fe is (5-10):(1-2):(10-20), based on total catalyst weight
Meter, NiO-CuO-Fe2O3The content of composite oxides is 2-10%.Preferably, the NiO-CuO-Fe2O3Composite oxides are
Nanoscale, its particle diameter is 5-80nm.Flyash is used as catalyst carrier used in the catalyst, and flyash is fast in cracking process
Quick burning burns, such that it is able to quickly improve the problem of catalyst activity component surrounding local environment, so that catalyst is lived
Property composition fast and efficiently play a role very much, even if can also play the effect of good coke tar cracking under relatively low furnace temperature,
And flyash decomposable asymmetric choice net itself, noresidue.In the preparation of catalyst, the lime-ash, residual that will can be obtained in purification and separation
Charcoal, fine ash mix with flyash, to improve resource utilization.The design of the active component, can effectively decompose tar, make
Tar yield in whole technique is greatly reduced.Previously there is not been reported for such catalyst, is that the present invention is directed to from building
What the concrete composition feature of the combustible of garbage reclamation was targetedly designed, its design process takes a large amount of work.
The dipping calcination method that the catalyst can adopt this area conventional is prepared.Specifically, weigh according to the above ratio
A certain amount of NiCl2·6H2O、Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and citric acid, plus deionized water dissolving, stirring is equal
It is even, the solution that concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L is made into, weigh a certain amount of flyash and be put into three-necked bottle bottom, by the solution for preparing
Pour in three-necked bottle, be placed in oil bath heating in constant-temperature heating magnetic stirring apparatus, 1h-10h is stirred at a temperature of 60-120 DEG C, then
It is put in drying box 100 DEG C -150 DEG C and is dried 12h, subsequently the catalyst precursor for obtaining is placed in 500 DEG C -800 in Muffle furnace
DEG C calcining 1h-6h, that is, obtain the NiO-CuO-Fe of pitchy2O3/ flyash catalyst.
In the process, can by the catalyst with from building waste combustible with 1:(100-10000), example
Such as 1:1000 weight is than mixing.Can be mixed uniformly using agitator.
The flyash is obtained by the following method preferably past modified flyash, the modified flyash of the process：
Add to flyash and be based on flyash weight meter 1.0-2.0%Ca (OH)2, 0.5-1.0%CaCl2And 0.5-1.0%CaSO4, stir
Water of the uniform rear addition based on flyash weight meter 5.0-10.0% is mixed, is again stirring for uniformly, being then dried to water content
Less than 0.5 weight %.The addition containing Ca materials can promote the carrying out that char Gasification reacts, and be formed in carrier surface
It is various to make the table of particle and there is polar activation position containing calcium complex, with adsorbing hydrocarbon c h bond can be made to rupture, promote
The decomposition of tar and macromolecular hydrocarbon (such as flyash).
It is of course also possible to combustible is mixed with catalyst original position in pyrolysis furnace.It is for instance possible to use injection apparatus will
Catalyst fines is injected in combustible.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of equipment that will be gasified from the combustible of building waste, including
Pyrolysis furnace, first class purification device, second cleaner, primary separator, second-stage separator, roots blower, three grade purifiers, its feature
It is that the cracking furnace outer wall is provided with spiral flue, and the flue is connected with the thermosistor input being arranged on pyrolysis furnace,
The thermosistor output end is connected with first class purification device, and first class purification device is terminated before second cleaner, and rear end separates with one-level
Device connects, and cyclone separator, the cyclone separator and the steam (vapor) outlet on second cleaner are provided with second cleaner
It is connected；Roots blower is connected respectively with second-stage separator, three grade purifiers；Drying machine, drying machine are provided with three grade purifiers
One end is connected with the outlet conduit of three grade purifiers, and the other end of drier is connected with exhaust pipe, in the exhaust pipe
It is provided with check-valves.
Preferably, Drechsel system is additionally provided with the first class purification device, the bottom of the Drechsel system is provided with outlet
Connection sedimentation basin.
Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace end is provided with drier, and the drier is by gas collector and first class purification
Device connects, and dust-filtering net is provided with the gas collector.
In particularly preferred embodiments, the pyrolysis furnace includes being capable of the injection apparatus of jet catalyst powder.
The blower fan is preferably roots blower.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation by the equipment gasified from the combustible of building waste according to the present invention；
In figure, 1 is pyrolysis furnace；2 is first class purification device；3 is second cleaner；4 is primary separator；5 is the second-order separation
Device；6 is roots blower；7 is three grade purifiers.
Specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the invention will be further described.
A kind of building waste of the present invention reclaims flammable biomass gasification device, including pyrolysis furnace 1, first class purification device 2, two grades
Clarifier 3, primary separator 4, second-stage separator 5, roots blower 6, three grade purifiers 7, the cracking furnace outer wall is provided with spiral
Shape flue, the flue is connected with the thermosistor input being arranged on pyrolysis furnace 1, the thermosistor output end and first class purification
Device 2 is connected, and first class purification device 2 is terminated before second cleaner 3, and rear end is connected with primary separator 2, sets in second cleaner 3
There is cyclone separator, the cyclone separator is connected with the steam (vapor) outlet on second cleaner 3；Roots blower respectively with
Second-stage separator 5, three grade purifiers 7 are connected；Drying machine, drying machine one end and three grade purifiers 7 are provided with three grade purifiers 7
Outlet conduit is connected, and the other end of drier is connected with exhaust pipe, and on the exhaust pipe check-valves is provided with.Described one
Drechsel system is additionally provided with grade purifier, the bottom of the Drechsel system is provided with outlet connection sedimentation basin.The pyrolysis furnace
End is provided with drier, and the drier is connected by gas collector with first class purification device 2, in the gas collector
It is provided with dust-filtering net.
The device of the present invention, due to the setting purified using three-level, is arranged compared with general waste incineration treatment apparatus
Good purification is put, the pollution to environment in garbage processing procedure is substantially reduced, and can quickly process daily building rubbish
Rubbish, energy recovery utilization rate is high.
Embodiment 2
The gasification of the combustible for carrying out being reclaimed from building waste using the device of embodiment 1, wherein will be from building waste
The combustible of recovery carries out cracking gasification in pyrolysis furnace, then carries out first class purification and secondary purification, then carries out one-level separation
And the second-order separation, after the second-order separation, being drawn in tail gas using blower fan carries out three-level purification.The building waste is torn open for building
The rubbish for removing, its combustible includes woodwork, plastics, yarn fabric etc..Catalyst used in cracking process comprising carrier and
Load active component on the carrier, wherein carrier are flyash, and catalytic active component is NiO, CuO, Fe2O3Three kinds of oxygen
The composite oxides of compound, the catalyst is expressed as NiO-CuO-Fe2O3The mol ratio of/flyash, wherein Ni, Cu, Fe is 5:1:
15, based on overall catalyst weight gauge, NiO-CuO-Fe2O3The content of composite oxides is 5%.By the catalyst and combustible with
1:2000 weight is 650 DEG C than mixing, cracking furnace temperature.After testing, the content for leaving the tar in gas of pyrolysis furnace is
0.88%, bioxin and furans are not detected in emission.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and embodiment 1 are differed only in using conventional cracking gasification installation, wherein only first class purification,
Secondary purification and one-level are separated.The total content of emission Zhong bioxin and furans is 1.8ppm (v).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is differed only in using conventional nickel-base catalyst NiO/Al with embodiment 12O3.After testing, leave
The content of the tar in gas of pyrolysis furnace is 9.11%.
By the contrast of the above results clearly as can be seen that when " separation of the three-level purification+two-stage " technique for adopting the present invention
When, bioxin and furans in tail gas can be effectively eliminated, while when the catalyst using the present invention, Jiao can be made
Oil is effectively decomposed, and the tar in gas content for leaving cracking gasification furnace is reduced to original less than 1/10.All these effects
Fruit is all that those skilled in the art are unforeseeable.
This written description discloses the present invention, including optimal mode using example, and also enables those skilled in the art
Manufacture and using the present invention.The present invention can patentable scope be defined by the claims, and this area skill can be included
Other examples that art personnel expect.If this other examples have the structural elements of literal language not different from claims
Element, or if this other examples include equivalent structure element of the literal language without substantial differences with claims,
Then this other examples are intended within the scope of claims.In the case where inconsistent degree is not resulted in, by reference to
The all references part of reference herein is incorporated herein.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of technique that will be gasified from the combustible of building waste, the technique includes to reclaim from building waste
Combustible carries out cracking gasification in pyrolysis furnace, then carries out first class purification and secondary purification, then carry out one-level to separate and two grades
Separate, after the second-order separation, being drawn in tail gas using blower fan carries out three-level purification；
Three-level is purified for removing bioxin and/or furans, its purified treatment include by from the gas of the second-order separation 1200
Thermally decompose -8 seconds 2 seconds at a temperature of DEG C -2000 DEG C, then tail gas is quenched to 70 DEG C -100 DEG C；
Before the combustible that will be reclaimed from building waste sends into pyrolysis furnace, it is sufficiently mixed with catalyst, the catalyst
Comprising carrier and load active component on the carrier, wherein carrier is flyash, catalytic active component be NiO, CuO,
Fe2O3The composite oxides of three kinds of oxides, the catalyst is expressed as NiO-CuO-Fe2O3/ flyash, wherein Ni, Cu, Fe
Mol ratio is (5-10):(1-2):(10-20), based on overall catalyst weight gauge, NiO-CuO-Fe2O3The content of composite oxides
For 2-10%, the NiO-CuO-Fe2O3Composite oxides are nanoscale, and its particle diameter is 5-80nm；By the catalyst with from
The combustible of building waste is with 1:(100-10000) weight is than mixing；
The technique use following equipment, the equipment include pyrolysis furnace, first class purification device, second cleaner, primary separator, two
Level separator, roots blower, three grade purifiers, it is characterised in that the cracking furnace outer wall is provided with spiral flue, the flue
It is connected with the thermosistor input being arranged on pyrolysis furnace, the thermosistor output end is connected with first class purification device, two grades net
Change and terminate before device first class purification device, rear end is connected with primary separator, and cyclone separator, the whirlwind are provided with second cleaner
Separator is connected with the steam (vapor) outlet on second cleaner；Roots blower respectively with second-stage separator, three grade purifiers
It is connected；Drier is provided with three grade purifiers, drier one end is connected with the outlet conduit of three grade purifiers, drier it is another
One end is connected with exhaust pipe, and on the exhaust pipe check-valves is provided with.
2. technique according to claim 1, wherein first class purification are used to remove tar removing.
3. technique according to claim 1 and 2, wherein secondary purification are used to remove lime-ash, carbon residue material.
4. technique according to claim 1 and 2, wherein one-level is separated for isolating H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4And/or
C2H6Gas.
5. the technique according to aforementioned claim 1 or 2, wherein the second-order separation are used to isolate fine ash.
6. technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with Drechsel system in the first class purification device, institute
The bottom for stating Drechsel system is provided with outlet connection sedimentation basin.
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| CN107214184A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-09-29 | 贵州精正检测有限公司 | Building waste sorting equipment and building waste processing system |
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| CN201264983Y (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2009-07-01 | 陈弘毅 | Industrialized reutilization apparatus for organic refuse |
| CN102627983B (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2014-03-12 | 张建超 | Fluidized bed plasma garbage-gasifying equipment and gasifying process thereof |
| CN103320168A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-09-25 | 襄阳品冠恒大环境工程有限公司 | Power generating technology using purified garbage pyrolysis gas |
| CN203330098U (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-12-11 | 浩昌再生资源投资有限公司 | Harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization system of urban and rural solid waste |
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