CN101845311B - Method for pyrolyzing municipal sludge and preparing biological oil and active carbon simultaneously - Google Patents
Method for pyrolyzing municipal sludge and preparing biological oil and active carbon simultaneously Download PDFInfo
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- CN101845311B CN101845311B CN201010159906XA CN201010159906A CN101845311B CN 101845311 B CN101845311 B CN 101845311B CN 201010159906X A CN201010159906X A CN 201010159906XA CN 201010159906 A CN201010159906 A CN 201010159906A CN 101845311 B CN101845311 B CN 101845311B
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- pyrolysis
- enters
- gas
- pyrolysis reactor
- sludge
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/40—Valorisation of by-products of wastewater, sewage or sludge processing
Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pyrolyzing municipal sludge and prepare simultaneously bio oil and activated carbon technology, belong to solid waste resource recovery and dispose the field.
Background technology
According to " State Council is about the decision of the strengthen environmental protection of implementing a scientific outlook on development ", treatment rate of domestic sewage was not less than 70% in 2010, and the municipal sludge generation will be 4,180,000 tons the mud of water ratio 80% (amount to 2,090 ten thousand tons).Along with the scale of municipal sewage treatment constantly enlarges, the sewage disposal degree raises year by year, and sludge yield also sharply increases.The above sludge from wastewater treatment plant 83% of present national sewage treatment capacity 200,000 t/d (containing) is not disposed through appropriate, and the outlet of these mud does not have certain guarantee yet, has caused the present situation of mud without the control discharging.Therefore, outlet is disposed in the processing that how to solve mud, has become the great environmental problem that needs to be resolved hurrily in China's urban development process.
In existing Sludge Disposal Techniques, the sludge at low temperature pyrolysis is due to heavy metal accumulation good stability in solid residue, and temperature of reaction is low, avoid Dioxins and generated the district, NOx and SOx generate also seldom, be enough to satisfy strict policies and regulations, and its economy significantly is better than burning, the sludge at low temperature pyrolysis more and more receives publicity.
The sludge at low temperature pyrolysis has dual mode, and a kind of is pyrolysis oil preparation, and its method is that heating mud to certain temperature (＜500 ℃), makes mud generation destructive distillation and thermolysis under oxygen free condition, is converted into 4 kinds of products such as oil, reaction water, noncondensing gas and charcoal.Chinese scholars has been carried out a large amount of research to the sludge at low temperature pyrolysis oil preparation.Canada environmental protection scholar Campbell H W and Bridle T R develop the pyrolyzing sludge low temperature technique that adopts horizontal reactor, dewatered sludge is inserted in this reactor, with the isolated condition of extraneous air under, pyrolysis temperature is 450 ℃, the gaseous product that produces is liquefy oil after condensation, and solid residue becomes charcoal.The Subiaco sewage work of Australia Bai Si and Tsing-Hua University adopt rotary kiln sludge at low temperature pyrolytic technique, produce sintering charcoal and pyrolysis oil.
The another kind of mode of pyrolyzing sludge is carbonization.The many countries of the nineties in last century carry out the small-scale production test to this technology, have built a mud carbonization test factory in the suburb, Tokyo as Japanese ORGANO company in 1992; American energy technology company set up a treatment plant that processes 625 tons of mud every day at California Railto in 2005, approximately can produce 90 tons of dried carbonized particles every day.
Above-mentioned technology lays particular emphasis on respectively liquefaction or charcoal processing, can not obtain simultaneously high-quality biological oil and gac: the 1. main liquefaction of pyrolyzing sludge, and oil uses as liquid fuel, and the solid state heat hydrolysis products is generally as low-grade fuel or offal treatment; 2. the main charcoal processing of pyrolyzing sludge (usually also referred to as the mud carbonization), charcoal are as industrial fuel, and oily gentle productive rate is low, quality can't guarantee, is difficult to recycling.Major cause is: high-quality bio oil needs the extremely short pyrolysis gas residence time, and overlong time easily causes the further cracking of long chain molecule in volatile matter, reduces oil yield rate; The residence time that high quality active carbon needs to grow as far as possible just can make volatile matter wherein fully be removed, and the gac that obtains just can have gap structure preferably.The present invention adopts high rate cyclic fluidized-bed pyrolyzing sludge technology to solve this contradiction, can obtain simultaneously high added value sludge based product-bio oil and activated carbon.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: for present sludge disposal high expensive, the common sludge pyrolytic technique can only obtain single resource product problem, the present invention proposes a kind of high rate cyclic fluidized-bed sludge at low temperature pyrolytic technique, and purpose is to provide a kind of low temperature pyrogenation method that can obtain simultaneously high added value bio oil and gac.
Technical scheme: pyrolyzing municipal sludge of the present invention prepares simultaneously bio oil and activated carbon system mainly is comprised of pyrolysis reactor, cyclonic separator, material returning device, porcelain filter, condenser etc.
1, the pyrolyzing sludge device adopts high rate cyclic fluidized-bed mode, is divided into turbulent flow fluidization regions and rapid flow district in bed.
2, mud adds from the turbulent flow fluidization regions, adopt the dewatered sludge particle of median size 0.5～1mm, bed material (as quartz sand, slag of the coal-fired end etc.) median size is 1～2mm, turbulent flow fluidization regions particle volume density 0.3～0.4, bed depth is 1～2m, adopt the turbulent flow fluidisation operation scheme of 400～500 ℃ of temperature, gas speed 1～1.5m/s, its function is to realize well blend and the caloic transmission of bed material, mud granule, returning charge, carries out mud and removes part fugitive constituent and pyrolytic reaction formation pyrolytic carbon and pyrolysis gas;
3, turbulent flow fluidization regions top is the rapid flow district, pyrolytic carbon completes in this zone that most of volatile removes and pyrolytic reaction, this region height is 1～2m, solids volume concentration is greater than 0.1, the bed cross-sectional area is slightly little than the turbulent flows district, the rapid flow operation scheme of 500 ℃ of left and right of employing temperature, gas speed 2～3m/s has reduced the residence time of pyrolysis gas in bed, is conducive to improve the high-quality biological oil yield;
4, partial thermal decomposition charcoal and bed material flow out into cyclonic separator with pyrolysis gas from pyrolysis reactor top, and it is minimum, and to capture particle diameter be 0.1mm.The mud granule that cyclonic separator separates falls into the material returning device of its bottom through material blanking tube, return in pyrolysis reactor by material returning device, again carries out mud devolatilization and pyrolytic reaction.
5, pyrolytic carbon is through repeatedly circulation, circulation ratio is 30～50, volatile matter in pyrolytic carbon is fully volatilized, gap structure improves greatly, and under the strong friction acting in conjunction of high temperature and bed material, particle diameter constantly reduces, until can enter the follow-up porcelain filter of cyclonic separator from cyclonic separator top with pyrolysis gas at last.Porcelain filter can keep stable working order at 500 ℃ of temperature, can capture the above fine active charcoal particle of 0.2 μ m simultaneously, reduces solid particulate matter content in pyrolysis oil, is conducive to improve bio oil and gac quality, increases gac output;
6, the pyrolysis gas of porcelain filter discharge enters condenser, condenser gets off the bio oil condensation in pyrolysis gas, the noncondensing gas part that porcelain filter is discharged is sent into pyrolysis reactor as fluidized wind, a part send in material returning device as returning charge wind, some as combustible gas for subsequent technique.
Concrete grammar is: pyrolysis reactor adopts the high rate cyclic fluidized-bed structure, and mud enters pyrolysis reactor by screw feeder, and fluidized wind enters pyrolysis reactor through air compartment and air distribution plate; The fallen pyrolytic carbon of cyclonic separator capture returns to pyrolysis reactor by material blanking tube, material returning device and revert pipe and circulates; Pyrolytic carbon is through repeatedly becoming gac after circulation, and gac enters porcelain filter with pyrolysis gas afterwards, is captured by porcelain filter; The pyrolysis gas that porcelain filter is discharged enters condenser, condenser reclaims bio oil, discharges noncondensing gas, and first part sends into pyrolysis reactor as fluidized wind, second section is sent into material returning device as returning charge wind, third part as combustible gas for subsequent technique.
The circulation ratio of material in pyrolysis reactor in described pyrolysis reactor remains on 30～50, and reactor body is divided into turbulent flow fluidization regions and rapid flow district two portions.
Dewatered sludge particle median size 0.5～1mm in the turbulent flow fluidization regions, bed material median size 1～2mm, particle volume density 0.3～0.4, bed depth 1～2m, 400～500 ℃ of temperature, gas speed 1～1.5m/s; Rapid flow district height 1～2m, solids volume concentration be greater than 0.1, temperature 500 ℃ of left and right, gas speed 2～3m/s.
Beneficial effect: the present invention has following characteristic and advantage:
The pyrolyzing sludge device adopts high rate cyclic fluidized-bed mode, improved the gas-particle heat transfer effect, has solved the difficult problem that the common sludge pyrolysis reactor can only obtain single resource product, can obtain simultaneously high-quality biological oil and gac;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that pyrolyzing municipal sludge of the present invention prepares bio oil and activated carbon process schematic flow sheet simultaneously.
Have in figure: pyrolysis reactor 1, screw feeder 1-1, air compartment 1-2, air distribution plate 1-3, turbulent flow fluidization regions 1-4, rapid flow district 1-5, cyclonic separator 2, material blanking tube 3, material returning device 4, revert pipe 5, scum pipe 6, blast inlet 7, porcelain filter 8, condenser 9.Mud A, fluidized wind B, pyrolytic carbon C, gac D, pyrolysis gas E, returning charge wind F, water coolant G, bio oil H, noncondensing gas I.
Embodiment
Apparatus of the present invention mainly are comprised of pyrolysis reactor 1, cyclonic separator 2, material returning device 4, porcelain filter 8 and condenser 9.
Mud A adds the turbulent flow fluidization regions 1-4 of pyrolysis reactor 1 by screw feeder 1-1.Dewatered sludge particle median size 0.5～1mm in the turbulent flow fluidization regions, bed material median size 1～2mm, particle volume density 0.3～0.4, bed depth 1～2m, 400～500 ℃ of temperature, gas speed 1～1.5m/s.Pyrolysis reactor 1 bottom is provided with scum pipe 6.Fluidized wind B enters air compartment 1-2 through blast inlet 7, through entering turbulent flow fluidization regions 1-4 after air distribution plate 1-3 rectification.Being rapidly heated in the anaerobic environment of mud A in turbulent flow fluidization regions 1-4 forms pyrolytic carbon C and pyrolysis gas E, and enters rapid flow district 1-5.Rapid flow district 1-5 height 1～2m, solids volume concentration be greater than 0.1, temperature 500 ℃ of left and right, gas speed 2～3m/s.1-5 top, rapid flow district is connected with cyclonic separator 2, and pyrolysis gas E carries a part of pyrolytic carbon C and enters in cyclonic separator 2.The pyrolytic carbon C that cyclonic separator 2 separates enters material blanking tube 3 and material returning device 4 successively.Material returning device 4 makes the pyrolytic carbon C that separates return and carries out pyrolysis again in pyrolysis reactor 1 under the effect of returning charge wind F.Pyrolytic carbon C is through repeatedly circulation, and particle diameter constantly reduces, until form at last fine particle gac D, and enters porcelain filter 8 with pyrolysis gas E from cyclonic separator 2 tops.Porcelain filter 8 gets off gac D granule capturing, and the pyrolysis gas E that porcelain filter 8 is discharged enters condenser 9.In condenser 9, the condensable gas in pyrolysis gas E condenses into liquid biological oil H from condenser 9 bottoms discharges; Noncondensing gas I is from condenser 9 tops discharges.A part noncondensing gas I send into pyrolysis reactor 1 as fluidized wind B, a part of noncondensing gas I sends into material returning device as returning charge wind F, some noncondensing gas I as combustible gas for subsequent technique.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102901102A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2013-01-30 | 东南大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of bio-oil prepared by city household garbage and heat energy |
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| CN102786967A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-21 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Method for preparing biochar from using sludge |
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| CN106082209A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-11-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of method using low temperature to produce mud base charcoal and heavy metal adsorption application thereof |
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